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Parolee/Probationer - Special search rules

Agreed by the suspect as part of their release, search must be done by parole/probation officer.

What is the preliminary responsibility of a responding officer at a crime scene?

Aiding the injured/Protect life

What should be done with a material wet with blood?

Air dry the stained material on a piece of clean dry paper at room temperature

459A

Alarm Call

Admission

An incriminating statement that includes admissions of guilt or involvement in criminal activity (an admission of one or more elements of the crime), but is not complete and full confessions (all elements of the crime).

If defendant thinks warrant was invalid

Burden falls on the defendant, must present sufficient evidence to dispel warrant's presumption of reasonableness. AZ v. Hyde

Illegal control of an enterprise 13-2312

Businesses obtained through, working for, or hiring for a racketeering business.

Where should a pistol be touched at a crime scene?

By the grip

What effect does OC spray have on eyes?

Involuntary Closing

Balance disruption is an example of

Involuntary Discharge

Startle Reaction is an example of

Involuntary Discharge

Sympathetic Grip is an example of

Involuntary Discharge

36-520 anybody can refer someone to be evaluated

Involuntary commital

Human Trafficking definition

Involves the exploitation of a person or persons for commercial sex or forced labor.

Fruits of the Crime

Items or objects obtained after committing the crime

Manslaughter - Unborn Child

Knowingly or recklessly causing the death of an unborn child in the womb at any stage of its development by any physical injury to the mother

Assault - Touching

Knowingly touching another person with the intent to injure, insult or provoke such person.

What information must be exchanged between drivers?

Name, contact info, and registration Upon request must show license

The drug used to revive opiate overdose victims is

Narcan

Community partnerships: provice a _______ assistance, guidance, and techincal support for problem solving

Network for

When can an officer stand between their patrol vehicle and a stopped vehicle?

Never

Are aunts, uncles, or cousins a Domestic Violence relationship?

Can a suspect be offered things to try to elicit confessions or admissions?

Can a victim break their own OoP?

Is a segway a motor vehicle?

Is it your responsibility to decontaminate the scene?

Is self defense DV?

Should witnesses be allowed to discuss the crime and suspects together?

Aggravated Criminal Damage - Dollar Amount

No $ amount

How should a one-on-one with a witness be done?

No leading statements to witness, person may or may not be involved with the incident. No acknowledgment after an identification

What is a voluntary reason victims get involved in trafficking?

No other marketable life skills and/or can't get a legitimate job.

Warrantless Search and Seizures - Special Situations - Sobriety Checkpoint

No reasonable suspicion needed if: a. All vehicles are stopped. b. Vehicles are stopped in a specific pattern. c. An officer can see into a vehicle stopped at a checkpoint.

Tier 1 Search

No search, no powers

Sexual Conduct with a Minor

No sex under 18 Law A person commits sexual conduct with a minor by intentionally or knowingly engaging in CONSENSUAL SEXUAL INTERCOURSE OR ORAL SEXUAL CONTACT with any person who is under 18 years of age

Violent felonies (Time Limits)

No time limits

Ocean

961A

Officer Involved Accident

998

Officer Involved Shooting

Exclusionary Rule, Good faith exception

Officer acting in good faith on a warrant or law determined to be invalid or unconstitutional the evidence may still be used.

Warrantless Search and Seizures - Vehicle Stops - Can an officer have passengers exit the vehicle?

Officer can have driver and passengers exit the vehicle. i. Can physically remove if necessary. ii. Must have reasonable suspicion to pat down for weapons. Maryland v. Wilson . Pennsylvania v. Mims

Pennsylvania v. Mims

Officer can have driver and passengers exit vehicle.

Emergency Circumstances

Officer must have facts that would lead a reasonable police officer to conclude that the emergency does exist (officer smells fire; officer hears screams). This includes response to an emergency, substantial risk of harm to persons involved and/or substantial risk of violence.

What is the first level of control?

Officer presence

What is most important during any type of communication?

Officer safety

What is the primary focus of a traffic stop?

Officer safety

What is the primary concern during building searches?

Officer safety and survival

Nighttime Search - Causes

Officer safety or evanescent evidence

A.R.S. §28-872.

Officers authorized to remove illegally stopped vehicles.

What is important evidence to collect which corroborate child abuse charges

Photographs of injuries and surroundings

What are the 2 types of evidence?

Physical and testimonial

Deadly physical force (Definitions)

Physical force, which under the circumstances in which it is used is capable of causing death or other serious physical injury.

Examples of marijuana paraphernalia

Pipe, bongs, grinders, rolling papers

Methods for identifying presence of hazardous materials

Placard + Labeling Packaging Shipping Papers Senses NFPA Marking Location

Minnesota v. Dickerson

Plain Feel: Must be there legally, must immediately recognize contraband, & must not manipulate

Direct liability

Sole Actor the actor himself/herself is responsible for the act that occurred and the damages associated with that act.

Services

Something you pay to get includes labor, professional services, transportation, telephone, gas or electric services, accommodations in motels, restaurants, leased premises or elsewhere, admission to exhibitions and use of vehicles or other movable property.

What does it mean to protect evidence from the elements?

Sometimes physical evidence may need protection from rain, wind, cold, heat, or snow

Does case law change the actual wording in the statute?

Sometimes.

What are some key points to communicating with the Elderly?

Speak clearly, slow down, come to their eye level.

NFPA - White

Special Instruction

Warrant Requirements - Location

Specific date/time/location

Note taking should be:

Specific, Clear and Legible and in chronological order

Two sides of MISCONDUCT INVOLVING WEAPONS, both get the same charge.

Prohibited Possessors and Prohibited Weapons

What is a trafficway?

Property line to property line

5th responsibility?

Protecting Crime scene

What is the officers role as a first responded? - Protection

Protecting personnel and reducing contamination.

An officer covering up crimes of another officer is what stereotype?

Protective of each other by concealing, protecting and/or ignoring inappropriate conduct by fellow officers

Maryland v. Buie

Protective sweep of home. Permissible scope of the search - if the lawful custodial arrest takes place within the premises, the officer may search the arrestee and the area under his/her immediate control for weapons, fruits of the crime and evidence of the crime and any areas immediately adjacent from which an attack could be launched; additionally any other areas of the home for which there is reasonable suspicion to believe a suspect is present.

Qualified Immunity -

Protects public employees against liability in certain contexts, when acting in policy

Why is a pre shift vehicle inspection important?

Provides a sense of safety and security Help prevent collisions by making sure everything is in good working order

Police putting on a class about "target hardening" is an example of

Providing education and information

Disorderly Conduct - Order to Disperse

Refuses to obey a lawful order to disperse issued to maintain public safety in dangerous proximity to a fire, hazard or other emergency;

CA v Hodari (1991)

Seizure is not started at the time of capture. Items dropped or ditched while fleeing arrest is considered abandoned.

If you think you're too good to wreck you are showing ______ qualities

Self righteous

In the United States, what is the most visible sign of government and power?

THE POLICE.

Seizure

Taking possession of an item or cusrtody of a person

You are investigating a burglary and a blind man has significant info to tell you about the incident, how should you speak to him?

Talk directly to the blind person as you normally would.

You are on patrol and are stopped behind a black newer Dodge Ram 1500 bearing Arizona plate HVWHY. You conduct the random inquiry using MVD and run the license plate. MVD returns stating the vehicle license registration returns with expired registration to a 1902 Ford Model T. You and back up officers stop the vehicle for the fictious license plate display. Besides interviewing the driver. What is something you want to look at from plain view to help determine if the car is stolen.

Tampered ignition.

What should be done with all interviews?

Tape record

What can be used to help identify a person is in a gang?

Tattoos Attire and accessories Monikers Hand Signals (throwing a sign)

Laceration

Tearing of soft body tissue

What is the neutralization phase?

Techniques to stop, control, and neutralize an attacker by deploying armed and unarmed counter measuresq

10-21

Telephone Contact

Stop

Temporary detention of a person for interrogation. A reasonable person would not feel that they are free to go.

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Emergency/Exigent Circumstances - Exigent circumstances - Evanescent Evidence

Tending to vanish like vapor (i.e., blood, fingernail scrapings)

What are the parts of the cycle of violence?

Tension Building Explosion Honeymoon

Who must waive doctor/patient privilege?

The patient

1. reasonable 2. preponderance

What are the standards for Burden of Proof for following terms: 1. Criminal - beyond a _______ doubt. 2. Civil - _________ of the evidence. (51%)

What are ways to impeach a witness?

Witness lies, or makes inconsistent statements

Influencing A Witness - Witness Type

Witnesses with firsthand knowledge

Tape is

a good source of fingerprints

What are examples of ordinary combustible materials?

a. Wood. b. Cloth. c. Paper. d. Rubber. e. Plastics.

Illegal search and seizure

includes stops without reasonable suspicion and searches without a warrant or an applicable exception to the warrant requirement

Juror

means any person who is a member of any impaneled jury or grand jury and includes any person who has been drawn or summoned to attend as a prospective juror.

Another issue with standard handcuffs is

they are susceptible to being shimmied or picked

If a victim is screaming bloody murder

they may be in a crisis

Robbery and Panic alarms are different than other alarms in that

they are intentionally triggered to summon the police

Racketeering Civil Remedies 13-2314.01-13-2314.04

Outlines judicial powers and additional liens in racketeering cases.

Stereotyping is

Over-generalizing a group.

A fat officer eating donuts is what stereotype?

Overweight and out of shape

Fire tetrahedron:

Oxygen, heat, fuel, and an uninhibited chain reaction.

Who has the greatest potential to find trafficking victims?

Patrol officers?

Paul

What do you think is more valuable to monitor for stolen product? Pawn store with logs of transactions or Offer-Up / Criagslist.

Pawn Shop

Shoplifting - Swapping Price Tags

Paying less than the purchase price of the goods by some trick or artifice such as altering, removing, substituting or otherwise disfiguring any label, price tag or marking

Who is responsible for providing safety to hospital staff

Primary Disposition officer

Chimel v. California (1969)

Prior to this, search of entire home incident to arrest was lawful; this defined the requirements and narrowed the scope.

Right to assemble doesn't apply to

Private Property

Complaints must be based on

Probable Cause

Tier 3 Search

Probable Cause, Scope, Custody/Arrest. Intrusive search. Must use reasonable force and advise Miranda warnings.Cfdfcch

What standard is needed for a DUI?

Probable cause

Officer needs this to stop a vehicle

Probable cause of a traffic violation

Requirements to obtain a search warrant

Probable cause signed by an impartial judge

Requirement to obtain a search warrant?

Probable cause specific items are evidence of criminal activity AND they are present in the place specified in the warrant.

Found contraband in car?

Probable cause there is more in the vehicle. Entire car can be searched.

Direct Evidence

evidence which, if believed, resolves a matter in issue Ties the suspect directly to the crime

Courts assume search/seizure with warrant is

Reasonable (Burden is on the defendant)

Merchant need this to detain a suspected shoplifter

Reasonable Cause

What standard is needed for a traffic stop?

Reasonable suspicion

What are methods to improve observational skills?

Relax and slow down

What explosive are others measured by?

TNT

AZ v. Baggett

Terry stop of bicyclist; reasonable suspicion to separate from backpack

Young

IMPERSONATING A PUBLIC SERVANT

A person commits impersonating a public servant if such person pretends to be a public servant and engages in any conduct with the intent to induce another to submit to his/ her pretended official authority or to rely upon his/her pretended official acts.

Adulterants, cutting, or "stepped on" refer to

Adding things to bulk up products and increase profits

Evidence must be legally obtained to be

Admissible

Evidence with probative value?

Admissible

B. accused

Admissions, confessions or alibi evidence attributed to an ________. A. objection B. accused C. agency

C. Demonstrative

Aerial maps, crime scene diagrams, composite sketches, photographs, tapes, video recordings, etc. What type of evidence is this? A. Testimonial B. Documentary C. Demonstrative

Warrant Requirements - Affidavit

Affidavit documenting probable cause, Illinois v Gates

Disorderly Conduct - Misdemeanor?

All but disorderly conduct weapon violations

What is a DUI arrest based on?

All evidence accumulated during the phases

What is firearm rule #1

All guns are loaded

If you drive up to someone who raises a firearm at you, what is the best course of action?

Drive through and past the threat

10-27

Drivers License Check

What are the 2 top money making operations for gangs?

Drug trafficking and human trafficking

Control - a.k.a.

Exercise Control

Henry

Color of the Law

Law Enforcement

Lincoln

What is presumed with a BAC of .08 or more?

". . .it may be presumed that the defendant was under the influence of intoxicating liquor."

What is presumed with a BAC of .05 or less?

". . .it may be presumed that the defendant was not under the influence of intoxicating liquor."

Adam

Code 7 (C7)

Lunch Break

PCP cigarette aka

Sherm or Sherman

How many classes of misdemeanors?

Unlawful Assembly - Minimum number of people

What is the size of the label?

3.9"

What is the field test for heroine

Marquis re-agent

Extreme DUI is

.15 or more

DV is a learned

Behavior

Evidence without probative value?

Inadmissible

John

Psilocybin aka

Magic Mushrooms

Mary

10-40V

Stolen Vehicle

Tom

What is the roadway?

Traveled portion only

Union

Victor

Evidence must be relevant to be

admissible

Behavior _____ use of force incidents, affects our image

during and after

Approach a helicopter from the ____

front

PCP is ingested

orally

Never tell an informant ____ information

personal

Lividity

pooling of blood

Patrol patterns should be ____

random

What is the attack zone?

touch plus 1 step

Truth =

trust

In what time frame must blood be taken?

within 2 hours of driving

Designer drugs are a way of

working around an explicit legal definition of a drug.

Documentary Evidence

written materials admitted at trial

When writing reports marijuana is described as

"A green leafy substance believed to be marijuana."

A.R.S. §4-251(A)(1)

"Consumption of liquor while operating or riding in vehicle."

A.R.S. §28-1381(A)(2):

"If a person has an alcohol concentration of 0.08 or more within two hours of driving or being in actual physical control of the vehicle and the alcohol concentration results from alcohol consumed either before or while driving or being in actual physical control of the vehicle."

A.R.S. §28-1381(A)(4):

"If the vehicle is a commercial motor vehicle and the person has an alcohol concentration of 0.04 or more."

A.R.S. §4-244.34

"It is unlawful for a person under the age of twenty-one (21) years to drive or be in physical control of a motor vehicle while there is any spirituous liquor in the person's body."

A.R.S. §4-251(A)(2)

"Possession of open container of liquor within the passenger compartment."

Sexual Assault

"Rape" intentionally or knowingly engaging in SEXUAL INTERCOURSE OR ORAL SEXUAL CONTACT with any person without consent of such person

Unlawfully Administering Intoxicating Liquors

"Spiking the punch" knowingly intro- duces, or causes to be introduced, into the body of another person, without consent of such person, intoxicating liquors, a narcotic drug or a dangerous drug.

4th Amendment

"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath, or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.

Fourth Amendment

A.R.S. §28-1381(A)(3):

"While there is any drug defined in Section 13-3401 or its metabolite in the person's body."

A.R.S. §28-1381(A)(1):

"While under the influence of intoxicating liquor, any drug, a vapor releasing substance containing a toxic substance or any combination of liquor, drugs or vapor releasing substance if the person is impaired to the slightest degree."

What should the officer NOT ASK when interviewing a child about abuse?

"Why" as it will make the child feel they are at fault

Criminal (18 U.S. §242) - EQUAL PROTECTION

"color of law." Penalty: From a fine to death, depending on the nature of the act and the injury to the victim.

Criminal Damage - Felony Dollar Amount

$1000

Shoplifting Felony Minimum

$1000

Theft - Felony Amount

$1000

What are the damage amounts for reportable collisions?

$1000 and $5000 on private property

The Arizona Supreme Court has indicated the following 4 factors are strongly indicative of custody

(1) whether the objective indicia of arrest are present; (2) the site of the interrogation; (3) the length and form of the investigation; and, (4) whether the investigation had focused on the accused.

Retention of property

Seized property is retained by the seizing agency.

How many classes of petty offenses?

How many witnesses can do a 1 on 1 at a time?

Out of 10 women how many report DV?

What are some dangers of electrical fires?

1. Electrocution. 2. Flash burn.

What is the peak BAC for 1 standard drink in a male and a female?

.023%/.030%

Super Extreme DUI is

.20 or more

Attempt (Punishment)

1 Less than crimes committed

Misdemeanor (Time Limits)

1 Year

What is the whistle signal for stop?

1 long loud blast

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Search incident to arrest - Motor Vehicle Search reasons

1) "when the arrestee is unsecured and within reaching distance of the passenger compartment at the time of the search" or 2) "when it is reasonable to believe evidence relevant to the crime of arrest may be found in the vehicle." Arizona v. Gant

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Emergency/Exigent Circumstances - Exigent circumstances - Protective Sweep

1) when officers are searching the area immediately adjacent to the place of arrest from which an attack can be immediately launched. 2) when officers are searching adjoining areas (including a home) where a person posing a danger might be found. Officers must have a reasonable belief supported by specific and articulable facts that a home harbors persons posing a danger to the officers. Maryland v. Buie AZ v. Fisher

What networking systems can be used for monitoring gang activity?

1. Multi-agency tasks force (GIITEM). 2. Intelligence system networking. a. PACE. b. CARNAC. c. GREAT.

Items that can be searched for:

1. Dangerous weapons. Terry v. Ohio. 2. Fruits of a crime (stolen property). Ariz. v. Mahoney 3. Instrumentalities of a crime. Abel v. U.S. 4. Contraband (drugs). Minnesota v. Dickerson. 5. Suspects and additional victims. Ariz. v. Mincey.

Service of Warrant - Grounds for issuance

1. Property to be seized was stolen or embezzled. 2. Used as a means of committing a public offense. 3. Property is in the possession of a person with the intent to use the property to commit a public offense or a person concealing property. 4. Property or items to be seized indicates a particular offense was committed or that a person has committed the offense. 5. Property is to be searched in the interest of public health. 6. The person sought is the subject of an outstanding arrest warrant.

What is driveway access?

1. A roadway by which motor vehicles may enter or leave a trafficway and limited to the portion that is entirely within the confines of the trafficway. 2. Includes driveways and entrances to, and exits from, property adjacent to the trafficway.

What is the Rocky Mountain Information Network?

1. A federal project designed to give assistance to law enforcement in the form of networking with other intelligence units across the nation. 2. They provide enhanced analytical services, intelligence databases and sophisticated equipment that can be borrow.

MISCONDUCT INVOLVING WEAPONS - People with some exceptions:

1. A peace officer or any person summoned by any peace officer to assist and while actually assisting in the performance of official duties. 2. A member of the military forces of the U.S. or of any state of the U.S. in the performance of official duties. 3. A warden, deputy warden or correctional officer of the state Department of Corrections. 4. Person specifically licensed, authorized or permitted pursuant to a statute of this state or of the United States.

What type of info is contained in a "rap sheet?"

1. Arrest history. 2. Conviction history. 3. Henry and/or NCIC fingerprint classification. 4. FBI number. 5. Arrest number. 6. Demographics on the suspect (age, race, sex, etc.). 7. Type(s) of charges. 8. Driver's License numbers. 9. AKA - Also Known As (alias).

UNLAWFUL ASSEMBLY

1. Assembling with two (2) or more other persons with the intent to engage in conduct constituting a riot as defined in A.R.S. §13-2903; or 2. Being present at an assembly of two (2) or more other persons who are engaged in or who have the readily-apparent intent to engage in conduct con- stituting a riot and knowingly remaining there and refusing to obey an official order to disperse.

CRIMINAL IMPERSONATION

1. Assuming a false identity with the intent to defraud another; or 2. Pretending to be a representative of some person or organization with the intent to defraud; or 3. Pretending to be, or assuming a false identity of, an employee or a representative of some person or organization with the intent to induce another per-son to provide or allow access to property.

MISCONDUCT INVOLVING WEAPONS

1. Carrying a deadly weapon, except a pocket knife, concealed on his/her person or within his immediate control in or on a means of transportation. a. in the furtherance of a serious offense as defined in 13-706, a violent crime as defined in section 13-901.03, or any other felony offense; OR b. When contacted by a law enforcement officer and failing to accurately answer the officer if the officer asks whether the person is carrying a concealed deadly weapon. 2. Carrying a deadly weapon, except a pocket knife, concealed on his person or concealed within his immediate control in, or on, a means of transportation if the person is under twenty one years of age. 3. Manufacturing, processing, transporting, selling or transferring a prohibited weapon; except that if the violation involves dry ice, a person commits misconduct involving weapons by knowingly possessing the dry ice with the intent to cause injury to or death of another person or to cause damage to the property of another person; or 4. Possessing a deadly weapon if such person is a prohibited possessor; or 5. Selling or transferring a deadly weapon to a prohibited possessor; or 6. Defacing a deadly weapon; or 7. Possessing a defaced deadly weapon knowing the deadly weapon was defaced; or 8. Using or possessing a deadly weapon during the commission of any felony offense included in Chapter 34 of this title; or 9. Discharging a firearm at an occupied structure in order to assist, promote or further the interests of a criminal syndicate or a racketeering enterprise; or 10. Unless authorized by law, entering any public establishment or attending any public event and carrying a deadly weapon on his/her person after a reasonable request by the operator of the estab- lishment or the sponsor's agent to remove his/her weapon and place it in the custody of the operator of the establishment or the sponsor of the event; or 11. Unless authorized by law, entering an election polling place on the day of any election carrying a deadly weapon; or 12. Possessing a deadly weapon on school grounds. 13. To enter a commercial nuclear or hydroelectric generating station carrying a deadly weapon on his/her person or within his/her immediate control, unless specifically authorized by law, which includes subsection C. 14. Supplying, selling or giving possession or control of a firearm to another person if the person knows, or has reason to know, that the other person would use the firearm in the commission of a felony. 15. Using, possessing or exercising control over a deadly weapon in furtherance of any act of terrorism as defined in A.R.S. §13-2301 or possessing or exercising control over a deadly weapon knowing, or having reason to know, that it will be used to facilitate any act of terrorism as defined in A.R.S. §13-2301.

What things are taken in to consideration when determining if a juvenile's confession is voluntary

1. Chronological age. 2. Mental age. P.O. 5.4.11B 3. Level of education. P.O. 5.4.11C 4. Previous dealings with the criminal justice system. P.O. 5.4.11D 5. Whether the juvenile's rights were explained. P.O. 5.4.11E 6. Any language barrier. P.O. 5.4.11F 7. Physical condition. P.O. 5.4.11G 8. Method of interrogation. P.O. 5.4.11H 9. Length of interrogation. P.O. 5.4.11I 10. Time in custody. P.O. 5.4.11J 11. Whether there was proper sight/sound separation. P.O. 5.4.11K 12. Whether the juvenile had an opportunity to consult with an adult. P.O. 5.4.11L 13. Understanding of the charges. P.O. 5.4.11M 14. Whether or not the juvenile was warned about the case being remanded to adult court. P.O. 5.4.11N 15. Whether the juvenile later tried to repudiate prior statements.

What is the officers role as a first responded?

1. Detecting the presence of hazardous materials. 2. Establishing command/control (scene management). 3. Beginning identification. 4. Determining the need for and extent of evacuation. 5. Protecting personnel and reducing contamination. 6. Isolating the incident and identifying zones of activity. 7. Containing incident, if possible, from an isolated position without risk of exposure. 8. Seeking additional appropriate resources.

Forgery

1. Falsely makes, completes or alters a written instrument; or 2. Knowingly possesses a forged instrument; or 3. Offers or presents, whether accepted or not, a forged instrument or one which contains false information.

What are some risk factors that imply higher probability of lethality?

1. Frequency and severity of violence escalates. 2. Frequent drug and alcohol intoxication. 3. Threatens to harm children. 4. Threatens to kill partner. 5. Threats or actual acts which force sex. 6. Suicide threats and/or attempts. 7. Weapons possession. 8. Psychiatric impairment - either partner. 9. Proximity of couple (access). 10. Control of contact with children.

What are some dangers of flammable liquids?

1. High heat. 2. Rapid spread/explosions. 3. Water alone may increase fire.

On a traffic stop an officer may:

1. Immediately demand DL and registration 2. Run warrants check on driver and passengers 4. Look for VIN 5. Conduct limited search for registration if not present.

Prohibited Weapon

1. Includes the following: a. An item that is a bomb, grenade, rocket having a propellant charge of more than four ounces or mine and that is explosive, incendiary or poison gas. b. A device that is designed, made or adapted to muffle the report of a firearm. c. A firearm that is capable of shooting more than one shot automatically, without manual reloading, by a single function of the trigger. d. A rifle with a barrel length of less than sixteen inches, or shotgun with a barrel length of less than eighteen inches, or any firearm that is made from a rifle or shotgun and that, as modified, has an overall length of less than twenty-six inches. e. An instrument, including a nunchaku, that consists of two or more sticks, clubs, bars or rods to be used as handles, connected by a rope, cord, wire or chain, in the design of a weapon used in connection with the practice of a system of self- defense. f. A breakable container that contains a flammable liquid with a flash point of one hundred fifty degrees Fahrenheit or less and that has a wick or similar device capable of being ignited. g. A chemical or combination of chemicals, compounds or materials, including dry ice, that is possessed or manufactured for the purpose of generating a gas to cause a mechanical failure, rupture or bursting or an explosion or detonation of the chemical or combination of chemicals, compounds or materials. h. An improvised explosive device. i. Any combination of parts or materials that is designed and intended for use in making or converting a device into an item set forth in item (i), (vi) or (viii) of this subdivision.

What are liability issues to consider when acting on a vehicle fire?

1. Increased damage to vehicle. 2. Carelessness, injury to persons.

What are benefits of increased community support from enhancing police/community relations?

1. Increased law enforcement funding. 2. The passage of new laws/ordinances. 3. Improved media relations. 4. Increased support for enforcement of existing laws and ordinances. 5. Peaceful resolution of potential sources of conflict

What local law enforcement sources can be used in monitoring gang activity?

1. Information from field officers. 2. Information from parole and probation officers. 3. Criminal activity statistics may lead to information on active gangs in the area and trends

What peer pressure influences are there in joining a gang?

1. Intimidation: Family members, brothers, sisters, cousins, aunts, uncles, etc. 2. Some members are forced into joining by peer group pressure (non-family).

Shoplifting - Culpable Mental State Presumed when:

1. Knowingly conceals on himself or another person unpurchased merchandise of any mercantile establishment while within the mercantile establishment. 2. Uses an artifice, instrument, container, device or other article to facilitate the shoplifting.

What are DV relationships?

1. Living together or lived together. 2. Child in common or pregnant or adopted through the courts. 3. Marriage or former marriage. 4. Related by marriage-victim is related as: Spouse, parent-in-law, step- child, brother and sister-in-law, step-parent and step grandparents. 5. Related by blood; parent, child, grandparent, brother, sister, etc. 6. Current or previous romantic or sexual relationship (teens or adults who are dating),

What acceptance does joining a gang offer?

1. Looking to replace family structure that is otherwise non-existent a. Many older brothers/sisters and relatives belong to a gang or have belonged in the past, thus encouraging the younger ones to join. 2. Sense of belonging to something more than themselves

What does in transport mean?

1. Means in motion or on a roadway when applied to motor vehicles. 2. "In transport" includes: Motor vehicles in traffic on a highway, driverless motor vehicles in motion and motionless motor vehicles abandoned on a roadway. 3. On roadway lanes used for travel during such hours and parked during off-peak hours, a parked motor vehicle is in transport during periods when parking is forbidden.

What types of informants are there?

1. Paid. 2. Unpaid. 3. One (1)-time use. 4. Continuing use.

Permissible inferences

1. Proof of possession of property recently stolen, unless satisfactorily explained, given rise to an inference that the person in possession of the property was aware of the risk that it had been stolen or in some way participated in its theft. 2. Proof of the purchase or sale of stolen property at a price substantially below its fair market value, unless satisfactorily explained, gives rise to an inference that the person buying or selling the property was aware of the risk that it was stolen. 3. Proof of the purchase or sale of stolen property by a dealer in property out of the regular course of his/ her business or without the usual indicia (in'dish-ea - markings, etc.) of ownership other than mere possession, unless satisfactorily explained, gives rise to an inference that the person buying or selling the property was aware of the risk that it had been stolen.

What social identity bonuses does joining a gang offer?

1. Prospective gang members see the opportunity to socialize and have easy access to drugs, alcohol, opposite sex, and parties 2. Gang members often identify with the "warrior mentality" and see themselves as warriors for their race or neighborhood.

The fac tors to use in determining whether force is reasonable under circumstances:

1. Severity of the crime. 2. Whether the suspect is actively resisting arrest. 3. Whether the suspect is attempting to escape. 4. Whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officer or others.

What personal health hazards are there when entering a fire?

1. Smoke inhalation 2. Exposure to toxic fumes 3. Presence of explosive materials. 4. Structural integrity, possible collapse 5. Burns, puncture wounds, etc. 6. Opening a window fuels the fire

What perceived excitement does joining a gang offer?

1. Some members get an emotional "high" from committing crimes or being involved in gang activity 2. Some gang members gain a sense of power and importance from the activity in which they are involved

What monetary gain does joining a gang offer?

1. Some members join because the gang is a means of financial support through criminal activity. 2. Some gangs begin or are based on the ability to profit from gang associations through activity

Issuing a bad check Defenses -

1. The payee or holder knows, or has been notified, before the drawing of the check or has reason to believe that the drawer did not have on deposit or to his/her credit with the drawee sufficient funds to ensure payment. 2. The check is postdated and sufficient funds are on deposit with the drawee on such later date for the payment in full of the check. 3. Insufficiency of funds results from an adjustment to the person's account by the credit institution without notice to the person.

What does joining a gang offer on terms of protection?

1. They join because they live in the gang area and are subject to violence by rival gangs, whether they are members or not. 2. Joining guarantees support in case of attack or retaliation.

A.R.S. 13-101 Purpose

1. To prescribe conduct that harms or threatens to harm individuals or the general public. 2. To give fair warning that certain acts or omissions are unlawful and punishable. 3. To define the unlawful acts and the accompanying mental states necessary to commit the crimes. 4. To separate serious and minor offenses. 5. Crime deterrence. 6. Punishment. 7. To promote truth and accountability in sentencing.

A.R.S. §13-101 - Purposes

1. To prescribe conduct that harms or threatens to harm individuals or the general public. 2. To give fair warning that certain acts or omissions are unlawful and punishable. 3. To define the unlawful acts and the accompanying mental states necessary to commit the crimes. 4. To separate serious and minor offenses. LESSON TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL LAW JUNE 2014 PAGE: 6 of 23 5. Crime deterrence. 6. Punishment. 7. To promote truth and accountability in sentencing.

FORGERY OF A CREDIT CARD

1. With intent to defraud, alters any credit card, falsely makes, manufacturers, fabricates or causes to be made, manufacture or fabricated an instrument or device purporting to be a credit card without the express authorization of an issuer to do so, or falsely embosses or alters a credit card, or instrument or device purporting to be a credit card, or utters such a credit card, instrument or device purporting to be a credit card; or 2. Other than the card holder, with intent to defraud, signs the name of any actual or fictitious person to a credit card or instrument for the payment of money which evidences a credit card transaction.

FRAUDULENT USE OF A CREDIT CARD

1. With intent to defraud, uses (for the purpose of obtaining or attempting to obtain money, goods, services or any other thing of value) a credit card or credit card number obtained or retained in violation of this chapter of a credit card or credit card number which the person knows is forged, expired, canceled or revoked; or 2. Obtains, or attempts to obtain, money, goods, services or any other thing of value by representing (without the consent of the card holder) that the person is the holder to a specified card or by representing that the person is the holder of a credit card and the card has not, in fact, been issued.

Trafficking in Stolen Property 2nd Degree

1. if a person recklessly sells, etc., stolen property to another 2. if he buys, etc., stolen property with intent to distribute that property

What percent of collisions are fraudulent?

25%

What is the desired space required for a helicopter landing?

100' x 100'

How long is an OoP valid?

12 Months

What is the average age that people become involved in trafficking?

What age can a minor be tried as an adult?

15 16 17 SHALL 14 MAY

Under what percent of oxygen can a flame not exist?

15-16%

How much space should be left between your patrol car and a stopped vehicle?

15-22ft

Aggravated Assault - Under 16

18 years of age or more (an adult) and commits the assault upon a child the age of 15 years or under

Adult age?

18+

Always meet with an informant with ____ officers

Solicitation (Punishment)

2 classes less than crime

How quickly does a sex assault kit need to be refrigerated?

2 hours

If a person invokes their right to remain silent how long must an officer wait before re-approaching the person?

2 hours

What is the time window to do a one-on-one show up after a crime?

2 hours

What is the whistle signal for go?

2 quick loud blasts

What is the minimum amount of photos that should be taken?

2, 1 with scale, 1 without

What is the name of the rule used to reduce accidents?

2-4-12

What percent of alcohol is absorbed through the stomach?

20%

What percent of air is oxygen?

21%

How many more times is carbon monoxide's affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen?

210

Nighttime Search

2200 - 0630 requires good cause

When petition is issued, LEO must respond within

24 hours

Facilitation (Punishment)

4 classes less

How many classes of felonies?

Petty offense (Time Limits)

6 months

Felonies (Time Limits)

7 years

In 2004 there were how many DV homicides?

What percent of alcohol is absorbed through the small intestine?

80%

What is the size of the placard?

9.84"

What percent of people believe in police and their mission?

90%

Statement; Incriminating statement.

A declaration of a matter of fact. May be made by a suspect, victim or witness.

Prohibited Weapon - Suppressor

A device that is designed, made or adapted to muffle the report of a firearm.

What is an inference?

A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning

Crime (Definitions)

A felony or misdemeanor (petty offense is not included)

What is required for Aggravated Domestic Violence?

A 3rd DV conviction

What is an important feature to look for in a padlock?

A 5 pin tumbler

Order of Protection

A court order restraining a person from committing an act of domestic violence

What class of crime is 13-1406A sexual assault?

A Class 2 felony

Act (Definitions)

A bodily movement

Prohibited Weapon - Molotov

A breakable container that contains a flammable liquid with a flash point of one hundred fifty degrees Fahrenheit or less and that has a wick or similar device capable of being ignited.

Time limitations, when must prosecution start?

A certain period of time after discovery of the crime.

Bivens v. Six Unknown Federal Agents

A civil suit brought against federal government officials for denying the constitutional rights of others

incision

A clean cut into tissue or skin.

Incised Wound

A clean sharp cut caused by an object

Why is it important to carefully identify the M.O. and document it in a police report?

A commercial robbery suspect is more likely to have a criminal record and the M.O. heightens the possibility of developing information.

Prohibited Weapon - Fully Automatic

A firearm that is capable of shooting more than one shot automatically, without manual reloading, by a single function of the trigger.

C. Real or physical

A gun or bloody knife used in a homicide. Clothing worn by the defendant (the "bloody glove"). What type of evidence is this? A. Direct B. Circumstantial C. Real or physical

laceration

A jagged cut or tear in the skin

Material misrepresentation

A lie, or lying to get something means pretense, promise representation or statement of present, past or future fact which is fraudulent and which, when used or communicated, is instrumental in causing the wrongful control or transfer of property or services

Drag Factor

A numeric ratio that gives an indication of the frictional properties between the road and surface and tires of a vehicle.

ESCAPE IN THE FIRST (1ST) DEGREE

A person commits this crime by knowingly escaping or attempting to escape from custody or a juvenile secure care facility, juvenile detention facility or an adult correctional facility by: 1. Using, or threatening to use, physical force against another person; or 2. Using, or threatening to use, a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument against another person.

INTERFERING WITH JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS

A person commits this crime if such person knowingly: 1. Engages in disorderly, disrespectful or insolent behavior during the session of a court which directly tends to interrupt its proceedings or impairs the respect due to its authority (contempt of court); or 2. Disobeys or resists the lawful order, process or other mandate of a court.

INFLUENCING A WITNESS

A person commits this crime if such person threatens a witness or offers, confers or agrees to confer any benefit upon a witness in any official proceeding or a person he/ she believes may be called as a witness with intent to: 1. Influence the testimony of that person; or 2. Induce that person to avoid legal process summoning him/her to testify; or 3. Induce that person to absent himself/herself from any official proceeding to which he/she has been legally summoned.

TAMPERING WITH PHYSICAL EVIDENCE

A person commits this crime if, with intent that it be used, introduced, rejected or unavailable in an official proceeding which is then pending or which such person knows is about to be instituted, such person: 1. Destroys, mutilates, alters, conceals or removes physical evidence with the intent to impair it verity or availability; or 2. Knowingly makes, produces or offers any false physical evidence;

BRIBERY OF A PUBLIC SERVANT OR PARTY OFFICER

A person commits this offense if, with corrupt intent: 1. Such person offers, confers or agrees to confer any benefit upon a public servant or party officer with the intent to influence the public servant's or party officer's vote, opinion, judgment, exercise of discretion or other action in his/her official capacity as a public servant or party officer. 2. While acting as a public servant or party officer, such person solicits, accepts or agrees to accept any benefit upon an agreement or understanding that his/her vote, opinion, exercise of discretion, etc., may be influenced.

13-3210 Transporting persons for purpose of prostitution or other immoral purpose

A person knowingly transporting by any means of conveyance, through or across this state, any other person for the purposes of prostitution or concubinage, or for any other immoral purposes,

Custodial Interference - Stealing a Child

A person that has no legal right to do so takes, entices or keeps from lawful custody any child

Accomplice (Definition)

A person who 1. Solicits or commands another person to commit the offense; or 2. Aids, counsels, agrees to aid or attempts to aid another person in planning or committing an offense. 3. Provides means or opportunity to another person to commit the offense.

POSSESSION OF ALTERED PROPERTY

A person who is a dealer in property and recklessly possesses property wherein the permanent identifying features of which (including serial numbers or labels) have been removed or in any fashion

OBSTRUCTING CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION OR PROSECUTION

A person who knowingly attempts by means of bribery, misrepresentation, intimidation or force (or threats of force) to obstruct, delay or prevent the communication of information or testimony relating to a violation of any criminal statute to a peace officer, magistrate, prosecutor or grand jury or who knowingly injures another in his/her person or property on account of the giving of information or testimony is guilty of a felony.

TRAFFICKING IN STOLEN PROPERTY in the 1st Degree

A person who knowingly initiates, organizes, plans, finances, directs, manages or supervises thefts and trafficking in stolen property

RECEIPT OF ANYTHING OF VALUE OBTAINED BY FRAUDULENT USE OF A CREDIT CARD

A person, being a third person, commits receipt of anything of value obtained by fraudulent use of a credit card by buying or receiving, or attempting to buy or receive, money, goods, services or any other thing of value

What is operation identification?

A program where citizens check out engravers from their local police department to engrave valuables with a unique number (normally their driver's license number) and their state.

What is an operational report?

A report used to document a criminal or civil investigation

Prohibited Weapon - Sawn-Off Shotgun

A rifle with a barrel length of less than sixteen inches, or shotgun with a barrel length of less than eighteen inches, or any firearm that is made from a rifle or shotgun and that, as modified, has an overall length of less than twenty-six inches.

Exclusionary Rule

A rule that provides that otherwise admissible evidence cannot be used in a criminal trial if it was the result of an unlawful search or seizure.

Summary judgement

A ruling by the court that no trial is necessary because some essential facts are not in dispute.

Can a vehicle be repossessed without a court order?

A secured party can retake possession of collateral for a loan when the contract for sale is breached (e.g., payments are not made) without a court order so long as it can be accomplished without a breach of the peace

Factors that influence response?

Age, mental health, physical condition Exigency Suspicious circumstances

Confession

A statement that provides evidence or proof of a person's involvement in crime, including all elements of the crime.

subpoena duces tecum

A subpoena to bring evidence with you

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Consent and Authority to Search

A valid consent to search may only be given by a person who has a right to the "lawful use and control of the property at the time of the consent." Not necessarily ownership

Authority to Search

A valid consent to search may only be given by a person who has a right to the lawful use and control of the property. Doesn't necessarily imply ownership.

Warrantless Search and Seizures - Terry Frisk of a Vehicle

A vehicle may also be subject to a frisk, if there is reasonable suspicion to stop and reasonable suspicion that the vehicle contains weapons. In such a case, the officer may check the entire passenger compartment for weapons where a weapon may reasonably be hidden. Michigan v. Long

Michigan v. Long

What is a controlled final position?

A vehicle that is moved or driven after the collision

B. Circumstantial

A witness saw the defendant's car leave the scene of a shooting. What type of evidence is this? A. Direct B. Circumstantial C. Real or physical

Complaint

A written statement of the essential facts constituting a public offense, made upon oath before a magistrate.

FALSE REPORTING TO A LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY

A. It is unlawful for a person to knowingly make to a law enforcement agency (of either this state or a political sub- division of this state) a false, fraudulent or unfounded report or statement or to knowingly misrepresent a fact for the purpose of interfering with the orderly operation of a law enforcement agency or misleading a police officer.

A synagogue has graffiti of a cartoon character on a building, what crime?

Aggravated criminal damage

Identify the following principles for conducting custodial interviews:

A. Adopt comfortable interview style. B. Avoid coercive acts that would cause an otherwise innocent person to confess (A.R.S. §13-3902). C. Ensure that a valid Miranda waiver is obtained prior to beginning the interview. D. Cease questioning if suspect requests his/her attorney.

Identify the following procedures for verifying the reliability and credibility of persons being interviewed:

A. Gather information from other sources before and after the interview. B. Keep persons being interviewed separated. C. Explore relationships between witnesses, suspects and victims.

Identify the following with regard to interviewing juvenile suspects:

A. Prior to the interview, the juvenile must be advised of, and understand, his/her Miranda rights. B. The juvenile's parents may be present during the interview. C. If there is a possibility that the matter may be adjudicated in adult court, this must be explained and understood by the juvenile.

Identify the following steps for preparing for an interview:

A. Review any information about the case and the person to be interviewed. B. Select an appropriate setting to conduct the interview. C. Assess whether Miranda warnings are required. D. Develop a basic strategy for conducting the interview. E. Make arrangements to record the interview, if appropriate.

Identify the following as factors that are considered by the courts in determining the admissibility of information obtained from juvenile suspects:

A. The juvenile's chronological age. B. The juvenile's mental age. C. The juvenile's level of education. D. Previous dealings with the criminal justice system. E. Whether the juvenile's rights were explained to him/her. F. Whether there was a language barrier. G. The juvenile's physical condition. H. Method of interrogation. I. Length of interrogation. J. Length of time in custody. K. Whether or not the juvenile was properly detained (sight/sound separation) L. Whether the juvenile was given the opportunity to consult with an adult. M. The juvenile's understanding of the charge. N. Whether or not the juvenile was warned. O. Whether or not the juvenile later tried to repudiate prior statements.

What factors should be considered when securing a fire scene?

A. Access by fire vehicles/ambulances. B. Access to fire hydrants, including placement of hoses across roadways. C. Potential for explosions. D. Spread of toxic vapors (i.e., wind direction). E. Need to redirect traffic for extended periods of time. F. Potential structure collapse. G. Live utilities (e.g., electrical, natural gas, etc.).

What can be done in a DV scenario where probable cause doesn't exist?

A. Act as referee for a peace disturbance and de-escalate the situation. B. Ask a party to leave. C. Write the appropriate report with written statements. D. Make the appropriate referrals/provide parties with resource information.

What should be noted upon the arrival of a fire in case and arson investigation is started?

A. Any suspicious person/vehicle in the area. B. Volume and color of smoke. C. Distinctive fumes. D. Environmental conditions.

What are the 4 major classes of fire?

A. Class A - ordinary combustibles. B. Class B - flammable liquids. C. Class C - electrical. D. Class D - combustible metals.

Items for which an officer can search

A. Dangerous weapons. B. Fruits of the crime. C. Instrumentalities of the crime. D. Contraband. E.Suspects and additional victims.

USE OF A TELEPHONE TO TERRIFY, INTIMIDATE, THREATEN, HARASS, ANNOY OR OFFEND

A. It shall be unlawful for any person with the intent to terrify, intimidate, threaten or harass a specific person or persons, to do any of the following: 1. Direct any obscene, lewd or profane language or suggest any lewd or lascivious act to the person in an electronic communication. 2. Threaten to inflict physical harm to any person or property in any electronic communication. 3. Otherwise disturb by repeated anonymous, unwanted or unsolicited electronic communications the peace, quiet or right of privacy of the person at the place where the communications were received.

Alternatives to prosecution

A. Mediation. B. Warnings. C. Civil remedies. D. Referral services.

What are indicators of a burning building being unsafe to enter?

A. Placards, signs or other indicators of the presence of toxic or explosive materials. B. Puffing smoke, rattling windows, heat transfer or other indicators that the building is charged with heat and smoke. C. Minor explosions and the sounds of escaping gas. D. Structural integrity. E. Fire department tells you NOT to go in.

Why do we seperate parties in DV incidents?

A. Provides independent statements from involved parties. B. Prevents involved parties from attacking each other. C. Allows the officer to compare the parties' statements. D. Increases officer safety. E. Decreases abuser's attempt to intimidate victim.

When searching a burning building, follow these tips

A. Stay close to the floor. B. Leave windows closed as you go. C. Remain calm and work at a deliberate pace. D. Always work in pairs.

What is the second best option for driving up to someone pointing a firearm at you?

Abandon your vehicle and find cover

Abel v. US

Abandoned property in a hotel room can be searched.

Categories of missing persons:

Abduction Involuntary Juveniles Disability Catastrophic Event

What are the 4 elements of force?

Ability, Opportunity, Jeopardy, Preclusion

961

Accident

962

Accident with Injuries

Some chemicals used in making meth

Acetone, red devil lye, kerosene, hydrogen peroxide, red phosphorus, ephedrine tablets

What are verbal techniques for helping those in crisis?

Acknowledge their emotion and restate what they've told

How is hash used?

Smoked or eaten

Vicarious liability

Actions of another indirect legal responsibility for the actions of another

When building rapport with a victim, what is an important style of listening?

Active listening and avoiding jumping to conclusions

In a community meeting

Actively listen and keep emotional control

When can force be used in relation to Writs?

After a Writ of Restitution has been served.

Sobriety Checkpoint, no reasonable suspicion needed if:

All vehicles are stopped or stopped in a specific pattern.

How should a minor be interviewed when investigating child abuse?

Alone so they can feel free to tell officers the details of the offense.

What is the first phase of the Crime Free Multi-Housing Program?

An 8 hour training class that provides management with the tools needed to properly run a multi-housing community.

Seizure (Definition)

An exercise of dominion or control of that person or object. Property seizure must be crime related, such as contraband.

Confession

An acknowledgment of involvement in the crime charged, including all elements and intent

Civil litigation

An action brought to enforce, redress or protect private rights. remedies private wrongs. In general, all types of actions other than criminal proceedings.

A. Non- Hearsay Rule

An admission or *confession* made by a defendant or a statement by a co-conspirator made in furtherance of a conspiracy. A. Non- Hearsay Rule B. The Rule C. Hearsay Rule

Interview definition

An attempt to gain information from a person that may be relevant to an investigation. Usually an exchange of information.

Prohibited Weapon - Grenade

An item that is a bomb, grenade, rocket having a propellant charge of more than four ounces or mine and that is explosive, incendiary or poison gas.

Human Smuggling definition

An offense against the integrity of the US borders

Warrantless Search and Seizures - Terry Frisk

An officer may frisk (pat down) a person only if the officer has reasonable suspicion that the person is presently armed and dangerous. A routine frisk of each person contacted is unconstitutional. Must first be a lawful detention based on reasonable suspicion that the person is involved in unlawful activity. AZ v. Garcia

Terry Frisk

An officer may frisk (pat down) a person only if the officer has reasonable suspicion that the person is presently armed and dangerous. A routine frisk of each person contacted is unconstitutional.

Statement

An oral or written assertion Non-verbal conduct of a person if it is intended by the person as an assertion:

Summons

An order from the court commanding the named defendant to appear in a court of law to answer to a criminal charge

search warrant

An order in writing from the state, signed by a magistrate commanding search for property or persons

Writ of Garnishment

An order of the court that orders that wages, bank accounts, or other property of the breaching party held by third persons be paid to the nonbreaching party to satisfy a judgment.

SUBPOENA

An order requiring a person to appear at a designated time and place, usually at a court or attorney's office, to give testimony (at a hearing, trial or deposition) or to provide documents.

ARREST WARRANT - Definition

An order signed by a magistrate, identifying the defendant and commanding the arrest of the defendant

Hearsay

An out-of-court statement offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted.

When ordering to disperse what must be provided?

An outlet of escape for peaceful surrender

What is a reference point?

An unmoving point that is measured from

What are some examples of psychological/emotional injuries?

Anger, Denial, Helplessness/Lack of Control, Self Blaming or Blaming Another, and Fear.

Listening Devices

Any electronic device used to intercept a conversation. Recording legal in AZ as long as 1 party authorizes it.

What is a motor vehicle?

Any mechanically- or electrically-powered device not operated on rails, upon which, or by which, any person or property may be transported upon a roadway.

Warrantless Search and Seizures - Consensual Contact

Any person may be contacted without reasonable suspicion, if the person voluntarily submits to the contact. The key is that it must be a consensual encounter. However, if the person indicates they do not wish to talk to the officer, the person may not be detained and must be allowed to proceed on his/her way. Florida v. Bostick . AZ v. Rogers

What is a Hazardous Material?

Any substance that when it leaks from it's container, when something goes wrong, that hurts or harms the things it touches or impinges upon.

Contraband

Anything inherently illegal to possess.

B. Evidence

Anything presented to a judge or jury that is offered to prove the existence of a fact is? A. Exclusionary Rule B. Evidence C. Burden of Proof

Evidence

Anything presented to a judge or offered to prove existence or nonexistence of a fact

Personal identifying information

Anything that identifies who you are means a name, electronic identifier or screen name, biometric identifier, driver's license number, access device, residence or mailing address, telephone number, employer number, student number, military identification number, social security number, birth date, savings or checking account number, charge card or debit card number, mother's maiden name, fingerprint, retinal image, image of the iris or professional license number

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Vehicle Crime type

Applies to felonies or misdemeanors

Preparatory Offenses

Attempt, Solicitation, Conspiracy, Facilitation

Prejudice is the

Attitude

Service of Warrant - Photographs, measurements, impressions and scientific tests

Are permitted

Lunge Area

Area which a suspect might reach for a weapon or destroy evidence. Quick and easy access.

"tracks"

Areas common for acts of prostitution

What is ALETS?

Arizona Law Enforcement Tracking System

Statute word change? State v Garza Rodriguez

Armed Robbery: Wording didn't change, just the interpretation of it

4th responsibility?

Arrest suspects

Warrantless Search and Seizures - Field Interview

Articulate Reasonable suspicion that criminal activity is ongoing and person is involved.

How long can a traffic stop take?

As long as reasonably necessary

A defendant demands to see a warrant, when must the officer show it?

As soon as practical

How should interviews be recorded?

Audio and video

What should be used with all statements from all parties when interviewing?

Audio recorder

Whats the best way to document interviews of witnesses?

Audio recorder

In pursuit and emergency driving an officer must balance _____ and _____ styles

Assertive/defensive

Undercover officers will have fake ID's

Assess everything and slow it down

What is the goal of crime prevention?

Assessing and anticipating criminal activity. Recognizing Crime/Risk Opportunities.

Permissible Inferences - Meaning

Assumptions Law Enforcement can make

Custodial Interference - Failure to return child to the state

At the expiration of access rights outside this state, intentionally fails or refuses to return or impedes the return of a child to the lawful custodian.

Where should your spotlight be pointed?

At the rear-view mirror

10-8

Available

What must always be followed while driving under emergency conditions?

Due regard

When giving verbal warnings

Be polite and firm

What is firearm rule #4

Be sure of your target and surroundings

The gender of the photographer should

Be the same as the victim

Why is an effective law enforcement response to DV important?

Because of the impact it has on the victims, children, and batterers.

A person witnesses someone run away quickly from the location of a robbery, is this direct or circumstantial evidence?

Circumstantial

Georgia v. Randolph

If one of two present co-possessors of property refuse consent, do not have valid consent

Hazard Class 3 - Flammable/Combustible Liquid - Concerns

BLEVE Fire Combustion Reactivity Toxicity Vapor Travel

Hazard Class 2 - Gases - Concerns

BLEVE combustion/explosion asphyxiation toxicity/corrosivess frostbite vapor trail reactive

906

Back Up

When collecting a weapon for evidence, how should it be packaged?

Bag and tag it with your info

When investigating a commercial robbery (especially banks) what should officers inquire into the existence of?

Bait, bills, or traceable currency

What are the 4 components of the force matrix?

Balance Accuracy Power Speed

Custodial Interference - No court order

Before the entry of a court order determining custodial rights, takes, entices or withholds any child from the other parent denying that parent access to any child.

What is the officers role as a first responded? - Identification

Beginning identification

What 3 ways does stress effect the body?

Behavioral, Physiological, Mental

What is the kill zone?

Being able to reach out and touch the officer without having to take a step to do so

Standard for Criminal Cases

Beyond reasonable doubt

An officer that is overly biased against a certain race or sex is what stereotype

Biased against racial and ethic groups, gays, and women

Which is not a direct source of DNA?

Bite Marks

What color is the center of time fuse?

Black

Hazard Class 8 - Corrosives - Color and Symbol

Black and White - Acid burning through a hand and a bar

Theft by Extortion

Blackmail, in the future. A person commits theft by extortion by knowingly obtaining, or seeking to obtain, property or services by means of a threat to do in the future any of the following: 1. Cause physical injury to anyone by means of a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument or cause death or serious physical injury to anyone. 2. Cause physical injury to anyone by any other means. 3. Cause damage to property. 4. Engage in other conduct constituting an offense. 5. Accuse anyone of a crime or bring criminal charges against anyone. 6. Expose a secret or an asserted fact, whether true or false, tending to subject anyone to hatred, con-tempt or ridicule or to impair his/her credit or business. 7. Take or withhold action as a public servant or cause a public servant to take or withhold action. 8. Cause anyone to part with any property.

Hazard Class 1 - Explosives - Concerns

Blast overpressure and shock hazard Scattering of fragments fires

What does a carotid hold cut off?

Blood flow

C. Real or Physical

Blooding knife, glove, gun, crowbar are examples of what type of evidence? A. Circumstantial B. Direct C. Real or Physical

Who must waive marital privilege?

Both spouses

Bravo

10-10

Break

Culpable Mental States (Definitions)

Intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, criminal negligence

When under an Order of Protection, when may the removed party return to the residence?

Civil Standby may return on one (1) occasion with a peace officer to retrieve belongings.

Skirmish Line aka

Crowd Movement Formation

What is the oldest type of Chemical agent?

Found a death that seems very likely to be a natural death. What steps do you take?

Call the doctor to sign the death certificate and refer next of kin to a funeral home.

Marijuana ____ be ingested orally

Can

Tenant returns to property after being served a Writ of Restitution?

Can be arrested.

Baggy Clothing Terry Frisk

Can be more intrusive,

Warrantless Search and Seizure - Terry Stop and Detain

Can use reasonable force to detain (handcuffs, physical restraint) only if there is a reasonable risk of flight and/or articulable officer safety concerns AZ v. Blackmore

AZ v. Blackmore

Can use reasonable force to detain (handcuffs, physical restraint) only if there is a reasonable risk of flight and/or articulable officer safety concerns. officer had RS that defendant committed burglary when handcuffed and put in patrol car

When deciding to act on a vehicle fire, what should be considered?

Can you put it out with a hand extinguisher? Consider the wind, and focus on safety.

Criminal Liability based on Conduct of another

Can't use an innocent 3rd party to commit the crime

Use of Canine

Cannot delay a traffic stop to wait for a Canine.

AZ v. Gant

Cannot search vehicle incident to arrest after arrestee has been handcuffed unless there is evidence related to the crime they were arrested for in the vehicle.

Warrantless Search and Seizures - Terry Stop Transportation

Cannot transport to a police station or other place for questioning; however, transporting a detainee a short distance for the purpose of an on-scene identification by a witness, is permissible. AZ v. Solano

Statute word change? Arson

Case law changed the mental state from intentionally to knowingly in the statute.

Opiates have the following effects

Central nervous system depressants Physically Addicting

B. True

Certain types of information, if released to the public during an investigation, or prior to trial, can *jeopardize the investigation and/or prejudice the rights of the suspect/arrestee.* A. False B. True

Case Law

Changes in the use or interpretation of statutory and constitutional law based previous court decision, precedent or Stare Decisis.

Shoplifting - Charging to an account that isn't yours

Charging the purchase price of the goods to a ficti-tious person or any person without his/her authority

Charles

Street terms for heroine

Chiva, Negra, Smack

A person witnesses someone drive away quickly from the location of a robbery, is this direct or circumstantial evidence?

Circumstantial

101

Code for Female

In what order does alcohol impair the human body?

Cognitive processing Perception/reaction time Vasodilation effects fine motor skills gross motor skills

What are the types of formations?

Column Skirmish Line/Crowd Movement Formation Wedge Diagonal

What is the purpose of traffic control?

Communicate to people how, when, and where they may move

What is the most important trait the community wants from police officers?

Communication

patient

Communications between a patient and his/her physician are privileged unless waived by the _____.

Client

Communications between lawyer and client are privileged unless waived by the _____.

Witnesses must be/have

Competent and relevant

What are some uses of police reports?

Compiling statistics Court Proceedings

7th responsibility?

Complete reports

Airport/Border Searches

Conducted as a matter of public safety. Conducted by special authorities.

10-13

Confidential/Secure Code

Florida v. Bostick

Consensual contacts must be consensual.

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Open Fields - Curtilage or open field?

Consider the following: a. Proximity to house or structure. b. Fenced. c. Nature and use of area d. Steps taken by property owner to maintain privacy. U.S. v. Dunn

What are hollow doors for?

Interior Use only

Hazard Class 8 - Corrosives - Concerns

Contact or Inhalation destroys tissue Violent Ruptures Splatter on contact with water Often act as an oxidizer Toxic or Toxic Vapors Can be thermally unstable

What is one of the best ways to reach out to the community to influence the public's view of police?

Contacts with community service organizations, groups, or businesses

What are the principals of crowd control?

Contain Isolate Dispersal

What is the officers role as a first responded? - Containment

Containing incident, if possible, from an isolated position without risk of exposure.

INTERFERING WITH JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS - AKA

Contempt of Court

Theft - Possession of Stolen Property

Controls property of another knowing, or having reason to know, that the property was stolen

Theft - Routine Theft

Controls the property of another with the intent to deprive him/her of such property

What is CPTED?

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

Shoplifting - Concealment

Crime is committed as soon as the item is concealed.

What are the 3 parts of community policing?

Crime prevention Community partnerships and engagement problem solving

Culpable mental state - Negligent Homicide

Criminal Negligence

UNLAWFUL DISCHARGE OF FIREARMS - Culpable Mental State

Criminal Negligence

What types of gangs are found in Arizona?

Criminal Street Gangs Extremist Groups Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs (OMG) Prison Gangs/Security Threat Groups

What needs to be checked before using an informant?

Criminal history and for outstanding warrants

What are some examples of criminal traffic offenses?

Criminal speeding, reckless driving

What does the Department of Homeland Security consist of?

Customs, Border Protection, Immigration, FEMA, Coast Guard, TSA and several others

What level of control is directly below lethal force?

Intermediate weapons

Voluntary Intoxication defense

Intoxication is not a defense

What is the #1 issue with handcuffs?

Loose or faulty application

David

Unlawful Discharge of Firearms

Discharge of a firearm within or into the limits of any municipality

All duties must be performed with reasonable care.

DUE REGARD

Orders of protection are for this relationship type

Reckless Burning - Damage Requirment

Damage Must Result

What is contact damage?

Damage from direct contact with an object that is not part of the vehicle

Tennesee v. Garner (1985)

Deadly force may not be used against an unarmed and fleeing suspect unless necessary to prevent the escape and unless the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious injury to the officers or others.

What is the pre-contact phase?

Dealing in all variables in the control and use of distance, range, and positions of advantage

Felony murder Rule

Deaths occurring during or because of serious felonies (violent and/or sexual in nature) are charged with 1st degree murder

901

Deceased Person

What is a disadvantage of using chemical agents?

Decontamination may be difficult

Aggravated Criminal Damage - School

Defaces or damages any building, structure or place used as a SCHOOL OR AS AN EDUCATIONAL FACILITY

Aggravated Criminal Damage - Church

Defaces, damages or in any way changes the appearance of any building, structure, personal property or place used for WORSHIP OR ANY RELIGIOUS PURPOSE

Aggravated Criminal Damage - Cemetery

Defaces, damages or tampers with any CEMETERY, MORTUARY OR ANY PERSONAL PROPERTY OF THE CEMETERY or MORTUARY OR OTHER FACILITY USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF BURIAL OR MEMORIALIZING THE DEAD

Aggravated Criminal Damage - Utility

Defacing, damaging or tampering with any utility or agricultural infrastructure or property, construction site or existing structure for the purpose of obtaining nonferrous metals

Suppress evidence on grounds warrant was invalid

Defendant has the burden of proof that Warrant was invalid

Guilt, Except insane - who holds the burden of proof?

Defendant must prove with clear and convincing evidence.

Barbiturates have the following effect

Depresses the central nervous system and slow down body functions

Warrant Requirements - Scope of search

Detailed and adhered to

Receipt for property

Detailed list given, or left where property was taken from

AZ v. Solano

Detainment based on reasonable suspicion. Cannot transport to a police station or other place for questioning; however, transporting a detainee a short distance for the purpose of an on-scene identification by a witness, is permissible. Still, the best practice is to transport the witness to the detainee.

What is the officers role as a first responded? - Detection

Detecting the presence of hazardous materials

Warrantless Search and Seizures - Terry Stop Time Limit

Detention must be breif. Police must diligently pursue means of investigation to confirm or reject suspicion. Totality of the circumstances is the test used in court. U.S. v. Sharpe

3rd responsibility?

Determine if a crime has been commited

What is done during the assessment phase?

Determine if the problem was eliminated, moved, or reduced

B. Relevant and Have Probative Value

Determining evidence to be admitted into court evidence must be: A. Accurate and True B. Relevant and Have Probative Value C. Relevant and Accurate

What is the officers role as a first responded? - Evacuation

Determining the need for and extent of evacuation

What are the questions regarding a motor vehicle?

Did it involve 1 or more motor vehicles and was at least 1 in transport?

What is the question regarding injury, death, or damage?

Did the incident involve 1 or more occurrence of injury, death, damage that was not a direct result of cataclysm?

What is the question regarding an "unstabalized situation?"

Did the unstabalized situation originate on a trafficway or did injury or damage occur on a trafficway?

Theft - Theft of Services Examples

Dine and Dash Tapping your Neighbors Electric Line

A person witnesses someone perform a robbery, is this direct or circumstantial evidence?

Direct

What type of evidence is eyewitness testimony?

Direct

Where should a vehicle or other fire be attacked to be put out?

Directly at its source, at the base

10-22

Disregard

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Emergency/Exigent Circumstances - Exigent circumstances - Evanescent Evidence - Blood Alcohol

Dissipation of alcohol from blood not exigent circumstances by itself; Missouri v. McNeely

What process produces high concentration alcohol?

Distillation

What is the primary question in phase 3?

Do I have PC to arrest the driver for DUI?

What is the primary question in phase 1?

Do I have RS to stop the vehicle?

What is the primary question in phase 2?

Do I have sufficient reason to have the driver exit the vehicle?

What is firearm rule #2

Do not point the gun at anything you are not willing to destroy

You have developed probable cause and made an arrest on a burglary suspect and transported him to jail. While you are at jail you conduct a post Miranda interview with him. The suspect opens up to you and tells you he typically dresses as a landscaper, drives his friends' truck with a latter in the back, and goes from house to house offering business as a ruse to case potential houses to target. Would it be appropriate to document this as M.O. purposes or not document it at all.

Document it

When using light sources around other officers what is important?

Don't back light/silhouette

The field test for marijuana is the

Duquenois-Levine test

What should be done with shoulder weapons?

Dust for prints, unload and dust the ammo

Disorderly Conduct - Fighting

Engages in fighting or violent or seriously disruptive behavior;

What is the chemical abbreviation for beverage alcohol?

ETOH

Edward

What is a junction?

Either an intersection or the connection between the driveway access and the roadway other than the driveway access.

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Search incident to arrest - Motor Vehicle Search vs Vehicle Exception

Emphasize this is a search incident to arrest, not a vehicle search based on another legal basis.

902

En Route

Police supporting a neighborhood watch program is an example of

Encourage community participation in police-related matters

Criminal Trespass 1st Degree

Entering, or remaining unlawfully in or on, a residential structure fenced residential yard Entering any residential yard (fenced or not) and without lawful authority looking into the residential structure

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Emergency/Exigent Circumstances - Emergency

Entry may be made if the officer has probable cause to believe an emergency exists. The emergency cannot be created by the officer for purposes of making entry. AZ v. Ault

What's is important when interviewing a child?

Establish Rapport

How often should you let traffic flow?

Every 1 1/2 to 2 min

What is the officers role as a first responded? - Scene Management

Establishing command/control

What type of alcohol is intended for human consumption?

Ethanol

What are the 3 types of alcohol?

Ethanol Methanol Isopropyl

What is the most basic and important factor when responding to a bombing or threat situation?

Evacuate and render first aid

Police may use valid existing warrants to effect arrest

Even if arrest is made to investigate other suspected crimes

A. Fruit of the Poisonous Tree

Evidence which flows from illegally obtained evidence may not be used at trial (another exclusionary rule doctrine) is: A. Fruit of the Poisonous Tree B. Exclusionary Rule C. Willits Instruction (Az vs Willits)

Theft of means of transportation v theft

Exactly the same, but regarding vehicles.

C. Record Recollection

Exceptions to Hearsay: A letter about the details of a commercial transaction written by one (1) party to the other; the recipient (adverse party) could have it received into evidence, but the author will not be able to get it admitted over the recipient's objection. A. Present Sense Impression B. Excited Utterance C. Record Recollection

A. Present Sense Impression

Exceptions to Hearsay: Statement describing or explaining an event or condition made while the person was perceiving the event or condition, or immediately after. A. Present Sense Impression B. Excited Utterance C. RecordedRecollection

B. Excited Utterance

Exceptions to Hearsay: Statement relating to a startling event or condition made while the person was under the stress of excitement caused by the event or condition. A. Present Sense Impression B. Excited Utterance C. Recorded Recollection

An officer that continues to beat a subdued handcuffed subject is what stereotype?

Excessively violent in the use of authority

What can a OoP grant that a IAH can't?

Exclusive use of home

Primary reason for sex crimes?

Exercising Power over the victim

If any or all signs of a Clandestine lab are found

Exit and secure the premises and call for a trained lab team

Plain Feel Doctrine

Experience and training are important, cannot squeeze or manipulate

A. Circumstantial

Fingerprints, Blood, and DNA in a crime scene are examples of what type of evidence? A. Circumstantial B. Direct C. Real or Physical

What do terrorists commonly use?

Explosives

What are some dangers of combustible metals?

Extremely High heat Water application may cause rapid acceleration or explosion.

B. Direct & Testimonial

Eye witness testimony of a crime is what type of evidence? A. Circumstantial B. Direct & Testimonial C. Real or Physical

"Throwing the police off the scent"

FALSE REPORTING TO A LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY

What are some of the most important pieces of evidence?

Fingerprints, palm prints, and footprints

Attempt

Failed Try

What are NOT areas typically scoped for trafficking victims?

Family gatherings and bus stops

What are some challenges with the elderly community?

Fear of crime and mediation related motor skill deficiencies.

What are some reasons victims stay?

Fear/Danger Economic Dependency Belief the accuser will change Isolation Situation isn't taken seriously Cultural awareness Immigration Status Religion Low self-esteem For the Children Love Failure of the System Lack of Resources Social Image Pets

Buck Savage would tell you to look here first if the vehicles vin on the dashboard is covered up and there is no license plate

Federal emissions sticker on the inside of driver door panel.

Hunch

Feeling or suspicion that is not based on articular fact.

Define racketeering per 13-2301(D)(4)

Felonies committed for financial gain

Forgery - Crime Classification

Felony

Robbery - Crime Classification

Felony

Shoplifting a Firearm - Crime type

Felony

Enhanced sentencing is only applicable for

Felony Hate Crimes

Theft Theft of means of transportation - Crime Type

Felony regardless of the dollar amount.

What is the natural process that produces alcohol?

Fermentation

Warrantless Seizures

Field interviews with reasonable suspicion.

Interest

Financial Stake

What are the 3 main types of victim injuries?

Financial, Physical, and Psychological/Emotional

What item wouldn't be collected in a forensic exam

Fingerprints of the victim

What are the major safety components of a semi automatic?

Firing Pin Block Hammer Block Trigger Blocks

Automatic weapons leave the following on a spent cartridge case

Firing pin impression, extractor marks, ejector marks, breach face/bolt marks

What is the first harmful event?

First occurrence of damage, injury, or death in the series of events that constitute an accident

NFPA - Red

Flammability

How do human traffickers often control their victims?

Force, fraud, or coercion

You respond to the Fry's Grocery Store in your beat regarding someone trying to pass a forged check to the Wells Fargo Bank telling inside of the grocery store. Wells Fargo advised the subject fled without the check and never obtained money once police were called. You locate the suspect half a block away hiding from you and you arrest him. What are you going to charge him with?

Forgery

Frank

What do we call tainted evidence obtained as a result of an illegal search or act?

Fruit of the poisonous tree.

What information may be communicated with graffiti?

Gang Identification Nicknames of members Impending inter-gang violence claims of responsibility for past criminal acts territorial boundries

Interrogation definition

Generally, an attempt by the government to elicit an incriminating response from a subject. Interrogation includes direct questioning and conduct intended to elicit an incriminating response. Tends to be a one-way flow of information.

What body parts are required for an indecent exposure charge?

Genitals, anus, or areola/nipple.

George

When interviewing drivers what is important?

Get license, registration, and insurance. Listen and verify the information said to you. Understand drivers will rationalize their reaction to try to lessen fault.

When are leaking vehicle liquids important?

Getaway vehicles may be in disrepair and leave clues

How much info should be given during a death notification?

Give as much detail as possible about the circumstances of death.

ARS 13-104 Rules of Construction

Gives officers discretion.

Canvassing

Going door to door looking for witnesses

Gov't violation of a persons reasonable expectation of privacy. Physically occupying private property of another for the purpose of obtaining information.

What are also included in flammable liquids?

Greases and gases

Media Broadcast

Greatly increases public awareness by utilizing radio or TV

Hazard Class 2 - Gases - Non-Flammable Color and Symbol

Green with a cylinder

Don't ___ undercover officers in public

Greet or acknowledge

What are the fundamentals of marksmanship?

Grip Stance Sight picture/alignment Trigger Control Follow Through Breathing

Capacity of a Minor Sexual Assault Victim to Consent to a Medical Exam

Guardian must approve, if no guardian can be contacted child must be at least 12.

What are the validated SFST?

HGN walk and turn one leg stand

What are the standardized field sobriety tests?

HGN walk and turn one leg stand finger to nose modified romberg finger count

When deploying less lethal force on suicidal subject, it is important that

Have a cover officer ready with a lethal force option

What should never be struck with a baton?

Head and neck

ou stop a motorcycle for speeding in a school zone and for not having a license plate. After contacting the driver he states he was just taking the motorcycle for a spin to see if he wants to buy it. Where would you look for the VIN?

Headstock

NFPA - Blue

Health

En Banc

Heard before all judges of a court, not a select panel

B. Dying Declaration

Hearsay Exceptions: Statement under belief of impending death. A. Statements against interests B. Dying Declaration

A. Statements against interests

Hearsay Exceptions: Statement which, at the time it is made, is so contrary to the interests of the person making the statement, that a reasonable person would not have made the statement unless believing it to be true. A. Statements against interests B. Dying Declaration

Sex assault kit should not be stored in a patrol car because?

Heat may destroy it

What 3 things do explosives react to?

Heat, Shocl, and Friction

Riley v. California (2014)

Held that police must obtain a warrant before searching a smartphone for information.

Why are body fluid samples important?

Help identify and tie suspects to the crime scene

How can interpreting gang graffiti help monitor gang activity?

Helps in Identifying gangs, gang members, gang strengths or ongoing feuds.

Examples of opiates

Heroine, Oxycodone, Fentanyl

What are the 2 types of explosives?

High and low

What is inside a blasting cap?

High explosive

TAMPERING WITH PHYSICAL EVIDENCE - Similar to:

Hindering, but with tangible objects

A man shoots his wife and hangs himself. What is the manner of death?

Homicide and Suicide

Ida

Why should suspected narcotics/drugs be sent to the lab?

Identify the type and if it is a usable quantitiy

What are the DO's of a Skirmish Line?

Identify those needing to be removed/arrested Open the line for arrest squads when told Move the line forward to recover the arrest squad, once arrest is made.

What is the physicians desk reference used for?

Identifying medication or unknown pills

B. inadmissible, not competent

If a witness/evidence has been ruled by judge to be relevant but not be competent. Is this evidence/witness admissible or inadmissible? A. admissible, its relevant B. inadmissible, not competent C. I don't know, I am going to fail.

Exclusionary Rule - Good Faith

If an officer is acting in good faith on a warrant which is later held to be invalid, evidence may be used. or If officer acts in good faith based on law later determined to be unconstitutional, evidence may be used.

Exclusionary Rule (Definition)

If evidence or contraband is obtained in violation of the 4th Amendment, the evidence may be suppressed. The state is not allowed to use the evidence at trial against the defendant. Wong Sun v. U.S.

What can a seatbelt tell you after a collision?

If it was on or not

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Emergency/Exigent Circumstances - Exigent circumstances - Hot Pursuit

If police are pursuing a subject who they have probable cause to arrest for a felony, immediately after commission of the crime and the subject runs into a home, officers can enter the home if they are in the midst of the chase.

Vehicle Exception to the Warrant Requirement

If probable cause exists that the vehicle contains evidence or contraband

Warrantless Search and Seizures - Terry Frisk "Plain View Doctrine"

If the officer feels what is believed to be a weapon, but upon removal discovers contraband, then the plain view doctrine applies. State v Baggett

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Plain View Doctrine

If the officer is where he/she has a right to be, whatever is observed in the open where it can be seen by anyone who cares to look, it is not a search to observe it. Horton v. California

Custodial Interference - Failure to follow court order

If the person is one (1) of two (2) persons who has joint legal custody of a child and takes, entices or withholds from physical custody the child from the other custodian.

C. Willits Instruction (Az vs Willits)

If the state destroys or loses evidence in a criminal case, the defense is entitled to have a jury instruction that tells the jury that the evidence may be considered favorable to the defense is? A. Fruit of the Poisonous Tree B. Exclusionary Rule C. Willits Instruction (Az vs Willits)

Why are fingerprint checks important?

If they have been printed before for another reason there will be a matching record

What should be asked of a juvenile before beginning questioning?

If they want a parent present

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Conflicting Consent

If two people have joint control over the property or area to be searched and one person denies the officer consent, no search may be made. Georgia v. Randolph

Warrantless Search and Seizures - Terry Frisk "Plain Feel Doctrine"

If, during a lawful "frisk" an officer feels an object whose contour and mass makes its identity as contraband immediately apparent, it may be seized even though it is not believed to be a weapon. officer's experience/training are important item may not be squeezed or manipulated Minnesota v. Dickerson

Hazard Class 4 - Flammable Solids - Concerns

Ignites easily and burn explosively air reactive water reactive spontaneously combustible toxic

When should FI's be completed?

Immediately

Uses of the Evidentiary Rules

Impeach a witness Rehabilitate a witness Assist in determining sentence

How are hairs or fibers collected?

In a glass or plastic vial and sealed

When can an Emergency OoP be issued?

In cases of imminent and present danger.

When are miranda warnings required?

In custody and being interrogated

What if evidence is relevant but the witness is not competent?

Inadmissible

What are the 3 stages of fire?

Incipient, Freeburn, and Smoldering

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Vehicle Scope of search

Includes closed containers and the trunk if the items sought could be found there. U.S. v. Ross . CA v. Acevedo

Vehicle Scope of Search

Includes entire passenger compartment and may include glove box and console, but not the trunk. Must be made in immediate vicinity of arrest and contemporaneous in time to the arrest.

What does learning other cultures do for our safety?

Increases

An officer that responds very slowly to calls is an example of what stereotype

Ineffective in delivering services and combating crime

Hazard Class 9 - Other Regulated Materials - Concerns

Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Environmental Damage Placard NOT required to be on loads

How is heroine used

Injected or smoked

ante mortem

Injuries a body has received before death

A common cutting agent for cocaine is

Inositol - a white powder form of vitamin B

What are the 2 phases of the walk and turn?

Instruction phase walking phase

What effect does OC spray have on skin?

Intense burning

FORGERY - Magic Words

Intent to defraud

Deena is a know transient in your beat. You respond to the Circle K in your city for a delayed fraud call for service. The clerk pulls up video surveillance and shows you a picture of Deena presenting a counterfeit $20.00 bill to purchase smokes and lottery tickets. The clerk denied the transaction and kept the $20.00 because that is (K) policy. The clerk said she told Deena the bill was a fake and Deena said, "I didn't know that, I got it from a friend" and left the business casually. What is the most challenging thing about charging this case?

Intent to defraud.

What are the methods of discharging a firearm?

Intentional Unintentional Accidental

Manslaughter - Suicide

Intentionally aiding another to commit suicide

Assault; Vicious Animal

Intentionally causing your dog to bite someone Letting a dog with a violent history get out Must secure a dog with violent history

1st degree murder

Intentionally or knowingly causing death with premeditation

Assault - Imminent

Intentionally placing another person in reasonable apprehension of imminent physical injury

Assault - Physical Injury

Intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causing any physical injury to another person

C. Hearsay exception- admissible

Is public records hearsay or an hearsay exception? A. Hearsay- inadmissible B. Neither C. Hearsay exception- admissible

A. Exception under Rule 804- admissible

Is statement against interest admissible or inadmissible A. Exception under Rule 804- admissible B. Neither C. Hearsay- inadmissible

B. yes except for compensation or restitution information.

Is there a Crime Victim Advocate/ victims privilege? A. No need all information for compensation B. yes except for compensation or restitution information. C. hmmm. i like cheese

B. No

Is there a parent/ child privilege? A. yes B. No C. Depends

A. yes

Is there a patient/ client privilege? A. yes B. No C. Depends

Armed Robbery

Is visibly armed with a deadly weapon and/or Uses, or threatens to use, a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument or a simulated deadly weapon

What is the officers role as a first responded? - Isolation

Isolating the incident and identifying zones of activity.

What is the power of an arrest in a DV situation?

It can break the cycle of violence.

What is the general rule regarding firearms at a crime scene?

It should be left untouched if the area can be secured

How can you tell a blasting cap is electric?

It will have wires

When is a confession lawful?

It's an incriminating statement, voluntarily given, without coercion or improper inducement.

Community Property

Jointly owned assets gained after marriage.

Unlawful use of means of transportation

Joyriding A. Knowingly takes unauthorized control over another person's means of transportation. B. Knowingly is transported or physically located in a vehicle that the person knows, or has reason to know, is in the unlawful possession of another person

What skill is tested most while driving in a pursuit?

Judgement

Ketamine is known as

K or Special K

What is firearm rule #3

Keep your finger straight along the frame until your sights are on the target and you have decided to fire

Misconduct involving explosives

Keeping or storing a greater quantity than 50 pounds of explosives in or upon any building or premises within a distance of one-half (1⁄2) mile of the exterior limits of a city or town, except in vessels, railroad cars or vehicles receiving and keeping them in the course of, and for the purpose of, transportation;

What is the main priority in assisting the victim?

Keeping them safe

What does the cover officer do?

Keeps hands free and keeps the situation safe

What are the 3 ranges of interpersonal combat?

Kill zone Attack zone Danger zone

King

Arson of a Structure or Property - Culpable Mental State

Knowingly

Criminal Trespass 2nd Degree

Knowingly entering, or remaining unlawfully in or on, a non-residential structure or fenced commercial yard

Criminal Trespass 3rd Degree

Knowingly entering, or remaining unlawfully on any REAL PROPERTY or right of way for tracks, the storage or switching yards or rolling stock (cars) of a railroad company after a reasonable request to leave has been given

Peyote effects are similar to

LSD

What are example of "compassion fatigue" or vicarious victimization?

Lack of control, nightmares

What should be aimed at when using the baton?

Large muscle groups

What is the Criminal Justice Information Service (CJIS)?

Largest division of the FBI and includes: i. NCIC - National Crime Information Center ii. UCR - Uniform Crime Reporting iii. IAFIS - Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System iv. NIBRS - National Incident-Based Reporting System

Do officers need to know case law or statutory law?

Learning the statute itself, as well as how case law has affected it, is of prime importance in law enforcement.

What are the DON'Ts of a skirmish line

Leave the line to make an arrest Open the line before being told to do so Allow gaps in the line for long periods

Precedent

Legal decision serving as authorative rule or pattern in future analogous cases.

"Reasonable to believe" Standard

Less than probable cause

What is the highest level of control?

Lethal force

Officer Discretion

Letter of the law vs. Spirit of the law

What is an advantage of using a chemical agent?

Limited damage to the suspects and property

Brady List

Literal list of officers, who are known to act dishonestly. On and off duty.

What organ metabolizes alcohol?

Liver

What are signs a body has been moved post mortem?

Lividity in relation to the position of the body.

What are sources of specialized assistance?

Local Fire Dept DPS Hazmat team Dept of Environmental Quality Representative from Industry

What is the 2nd responsibility of a responding officer at a crime scene?

Locate, identify, and interview witnesses, victims, and suspects

What are the 2 primary ways to approach home firearm safety?

Lock it up Education

Theft - Fraud

Lying to get something you aren't entitled to. Obtains property or services of another by means of any material misrepresentation with the intent to deprive him/her of such property or services.

A Prohibited Possessor having a deadly weapon, what crime?

MISCONDUCT INVOLVING WEAPONS

An 18 year old with a concealed deadly weapon at a public park, what crime?

MISCONDUCT INVOLVING WEAPONS

Carrying a concealed weapon and lying about it when asked by a police officer, what crime?

MISCONDUCT INVOLVING WEAPONS

Carrying a concealed weapon while committing a violent crime or any other felony, what crime?

MISCONDUCT INVOLVING WEAPONS

Doing illegal drugs while having a firearm, what crime?

MISCONDUCT INVOLVING WEAPONS

Entering school ground with a gun, what crime?

MISCONDUCT INVOLVING WEAPONS

Giving a gun to someone so they can rob someone, what crime?

MISCONDUCT INVOLVING WEAPONS

Knowingly possessing a gun with a scratched off serial, what crime?

MISCONDUCT INVOLVING WEAPONS

Manufacturing a prohibited weapon, what crime?

MISCONDUCT INVOLVING WEAPONS

Scratching the serial off of a deadly weapon, what crime?

MISCONDUCT INVOLVING WEAPONS

Selling to a prohibited possessor, what crime?

MISCONDUCT INVOLVING WEAPONS

Voting while armed, what crime?`

MISCONDUCT INVOLVING WEAPONS

What are some examples of combustible metals?

Magnesium, titanium and zirconium.

What is one way to establish rapport with a child?

Maintain a non threatening posture and tone of voice

What is an example of CPTED?

Maintaining bushes and hedges below the bottom of windows and away from entryways.

Police managing a protest to prevent riots or disturbances is an example of

Maintaining order

How can a plain clothes officer show a hearing impaired person they are a police officer?

Make a "c" over your heart

You and your FTO conducted a traffic stop for failure to stop at a stop sign located at W. Wiemers Ln. and S. Simpson Rd. in Goodyear, Az. Upon contact with the driver she is identified via Arizona drivers license as Ann Huskey. Ann is cooperative and explained she has a Glock 43 under her seat and claims it is not hers though and she is just borrowing the car. You run the gun through NCIC via dispatch by giving them the serial number to check to see if its stolen. Dispatch advised they need what two additional pieces of information due to obtaining a sound alike.

Make and model.

Disorderly Conduct - Noise

Makes an unreasonable noise;

Disorderly Conduct - Procession

Makes any protracted commotion, utterance or display with the intent to prevent the transaction of the business of a lawful meeting, gathering or procession;

What is the Lautenberg Amendment?

Makes it a felony for those convicted of domestic violence to ship, transport, possess or receive firearms or ammo

What is an example of a cultural awareness influence?

Male Dominance

Manner of Death vs. Cause of Death

Manner is the classification of the death while cause is the specific thing that happened.

How does a force move to an area?

Marching in columns of 2

B. Direct

Match the definition to the correct term: An eyewitness identification. A. Circumstantial B. Direct C. Real or physical

A. Direct

Match the definition to the correct term: Evidence which, if believed, resolves a matter in issue; Evidence that ties a defendant directly to the commission of a crime. A. Direct B. Circumstantial C. Real or physical

C. Circumstantial

Match the definition to the correct term: Facts inferred from circumstances. A. Real or physical B. Direct C. Circumstantial

Service of Warrant - Detention of residents in immediate vicinity

May detain while searching. Bailey v US

What are special considerations when military equipment is involved?

May involve weapons, chemicals, and high explosives military can take command of any scene involving their materials No one except the military may authorize entry

Limitation of Consent

May search only where permission is given.

Service of search warrant - Unrelated 3rd parties

Media and others not authorized, only law enforcement and necessary personnel.

Primary role of Law Enforcement in Civil disputes?

Mediate and De Escalate

Alternatives to prosecution

Mediation, Warnings, Civil remedies, Referral services

Find a body that appears to be the victim of homicide, who do you call?

Medical Examiner

Find a body where the cause of death isn't immediately apparent, who do you call?

Medical Examiner

10-45

Meet with another unit

Criminal Street Gang Member (Definitions)

Meets 2 of the following 7: i. Self proclamation. ii. Witness testimony or official statement. iii. Written or electronic correspondence. iv. Paraphernalia or photographs. v. Tattoos. vi. Clothing or colors. vii. Any other indicia of street gang membership.

What is the active ingredient in a button of peyote?

Mescaline

Why is a thorough search for children important?

Might be sleeping or hiding in a the home

What's an example of behavior in an abusive relationship?

Minimizing, denying and blaming.

What does M.O. stand for?

Modus Operandi

Confidential witness programs

Monetary rewards for information leading to arrests

Why are elders an easy target?

More trusting so more susceptible to crimes.

How can you help lower the stress in a situation?

Move deliberately and speak softly.

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Consent

Must be clear, voluntary, and intelligent; suspect must know/understand that rights are being waived. Florida v. Royer

Drive by Shooting

Must be from a vehicle towards a person, occupied vehicle, or occupied structure.

Minimum requirement for criminal liability?

Must be physically capable of performing the crime.

Search Warrant Return - After Execution

Must be returned to the magistrate within 3 court business days.

Aggravated assault - what degree of phsysical injury

Must be serious

Arrest Warrant - Arrestee's Home

Must be the residence of the arresstee and must have probable cause to believe arrestee is present

Arrest Warrant - 3rd party home (Steagald v. U.S.)

Must get a separate search warrant (unless a warrant exception is recognized)

Warrantless Search and Seizures - Terry Stop

Must have reasonable suspicion, based on articulable facts, that a crime has occurred or there is criminal activity "afoot." Terry v. Ohio

Terry Stop

Must have reasonable suspicion, based on articulable facts, that a crime has occurred or there is criminal activity "afoot." (Review Terry v. Ohio).

You are on field training and you respond to a theft of a vehicle call for service. Upon your arrival, the victim tells you their 2007 Ford F150 was stolen from their driveway. The victim does not know the license plate number, but provided you with a VIN number that is 6 digits long. Is that possible?

No, VIN is 17 digits

In a drug case, drugs are illegally searched for and taken. Are the admissible?

No, but they are relevant

An unknown person recounts a traffic accident 2 hours after it occured. Is their statement admissible if they aren't in court?

No, it is hearsay with no applicable exception

A police officer assigned to the airport sees a middle eastern man seeking to board a plane for new york with a valid ticket. For no reason other than his race and a history of terrorist attacks, the officer stops him and searches for weapons. Can the officer do this?

No, it's profiling. No reasonable suspicion or PC

A 3 year old that witnessed a robbery keeps changing the story of what happened, will he be allowed to testify?

No, they are not competent to testify

What type of relationship is an IAH for?

Non DV

The medical use for heroine is

None

Nora

IMPERSONATING A PUBLIC SERVANT - Made up Department

Not a defense

Open View

Not concealed or hidden and out for anyone to see, not in a position to immediately seize.

What is a weakness of a K-9 unit?

Not good for tracking vehicles

Do traffic offenses receive victim's rights info?

Not if they are civil

Marijuana seeds are ____ to possess.

Not illegal

Adultery

Not prosecutable/enforced

What is the first step in writing a report?

Note taking

AZ v. Garcia

OK to patdown person not under arrest who is to be voluntarily transported

ARS 28-622

Obedience to police officers

USE OF A TELEPHONE TO TERRIFY, INTIMIDATE, THREATEN, HARASS, ANNOY OR OFFEND - Used to be called?

Obscene Callers

Theft - Theft of Services

Obtains services known to the defendant to be available only for compensation without paying or an agreement to pay such compensation or diverts another's services to his/her own or another's benefit without authority to do so.

Standard for Civil Trials

On Preponderance of the Evidence

10-97

On Scene

Rapid changes in Case Law

One (1) judge may overturn a case law decision by another judge thereby creating another case law decision with which we must deal

When are OoP and IAH valid?

Only after being served

Who can fill out a citation?

Only an officer

When can a citizen be used for traffic control?

Only when absolutely necessary

US v. Oliver

Open field doctrine, no expectation of privacy in open fields.

Hazard Class 1 - Explosives - Color and Symbol

Orange with an exploding cannonball

Vocal tone reveals

Our attitude

10-7

Out of service

Warrantless Search and Seizures - Terry Frisk Scope

Pat down (frisk) of outer clothing for weapons only. If bulky is clothing and the officer cannot feel the contents, the officer may reach in to ensure there is no weapon. AZ v. Vasquez

Terry Frisk

Pat down of exterior clothing to check for weapons. Requires articular facts that person is armed or dangerous.

Criminal (18 U.S. §241) - DUE PROCESS.

Penalty: From a fine to death, depending on the nature of the act and the injury to the victim

Consent

Permission, approval, or agreement; comliance. acquiescence. Must be clearly, voluntarily, and intelligently.

Service of Warrant - Searching of persons on premisses

Permitted if: It is reasonably necessary to protect against the use of a concealed weapon. It reasonably appears that property or items enumerated in the warrant may be concealed upon the person, or in the vehicle.

Fence

Person that knowingly deals in stolen property

918

Person with possible Mental Illness

What are symptoms of a rabid animal?

Personality reversal Foam around mouth Partial paralysis

B. Documentary

Phone records or bank statements, certified copy of MVD record showing a driver's license suspension. What type of evidence is this? A. Testimonial B. Documentary C. Demonstrative

You respond to a delayed burglary to a residence at 1414 S. Del Rio Ln. in Tempe, Az. Upon your arrival, you meet with the victim who tells you they left home at 0500 hours for work and everything was okay. The victim advised they returned home at 1900 hours and noticed their house was broken into from a back window and they used a rock. The victim advised they stole only an X-Box and two games. You are allowed into the home and notice the southeast corner sliding back door had been shattered with a rock and the glass door was still slid open. The victim said he did not touch that door after he got home. You do notice a trail of blood that leads out the front door from the back door. What do you think is important to document in your report regarding M.O.?

Point of Entry / exit point.

What is the single necessary measurement for the the ADOT collision form?

Point of impact

What type of searching involves searching from 1 point to another?

Point to point

ARS 13-201

Police Officers are not exceptions to being help liable to the law!

What is the contact phase?

Positional training designed to help survive a force-on-force collision and defend against a physical assault

What are the 3 phases of a physical encounter?

Pre-contact Contact Neutralization

2nd Degree murder lacks (compared to 1st)

Premeditation

Plain View Doctrine

Presence and probable cause to believe item to be seized constitutes evidence or contraband.

What is the primary concern in a hostage situation?

Preservation of life

Curtilage "Rule of Thumb"

Pretend you're a postal worker delivering mail to the house

What is Law Enforcement's role in civil matters?

Prevent a breach of the peace and determine if a crime has been committed

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Emergency/Exigent Circumstances - Exigent circumstances

Probable cause to believe that evidence is present in the area and that the evidence will be lost or destroyed without immediate action

Right to assemble is only applicable in

Public Forums

Aggravated Assault - Protected Persons

Public servants, teachers, licensed health care practitioners

Preventing the introduction of evidence: 1.*irrelevant or unreliable*. 2. *unfairly prejudicial*. 3. *unduly time consuming to present.*

Purposes of Evidentiary Rules (P.O. 2.4.2)

What can be done with lights to help harden a target while you are out of town?

Put some on timers to turn on and off.

When the speed doubles, the stop distance _____

Quadruples

Queen

Criminal Damage - Defacing

RECKLESSLY defacing or damaging property of another person

Criminal Damage - Graffiti

RECKLESSLY drawing or inscribing a message, slogan, sign or symbol that is made on any public or private building, structure or surface, except the ground, and that is made without permission of the owner

Criminal Damage - Utility

RECKLESSLY tampering with or damaging the property of a utility

Criminal Damage - Tampering

RECKLESSLY tampering with the property of another person so as to substantially impair its function or value

1. Information prohibited from disclosure by agency policy. 2. Statements as to the character or reputation of an accused person or prospected witness. 3. Admissions, confessions or alibi evidence attributed to an accused. 4. Refusal of a suspect or witness to take any tests. 5. The believed credibility of an accused person or witness. 6. The probability of the accused entering a guilty plea. 7. The opinionated value of evidence against an accused.

RELEASE OF INFORMATION/EVIDENCE TO THE PUBLIC (PO 2.4.8)

NFPA - Yellow

Reactivity

A gun found at the scene of a robbery, what type of evidence?

Real or Physical Evidence

Tampering with utility property

Rearranging, damaging, altering, interfering with or otherwise preventing the performance of a normal or customary function of utility property. Connecting any wire, conduit or device to any utility property without authorization. Defacing, puncturing, removing, reversing or altering any utility property. Preventing any meter from properly measuring or registering

Tier 2 Search

Reasonable Suspicion, Stop/Temporary Detention. Limited search, Pat down. Working towards probable cause.

Protective Sweep

Reasonable suspicion a suspect is present

When can we pat down?

Reasonable suspicion, belief they are armed and dangerous.

What standard are many of officers actions judged by?

Reasonableness.

Reckless Burning - Culpable Mental State

Reckless

Culpable Mental State - Manslaughter

Recklessly

Manslaughter - Reckless

Recklessly causing the death of another person

Disorderly Conduct - Weapon

Recklessly handles, displays or discharges a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument.

6th responsibility?

Record conditions and events in notes

Hazard Class 4 - Flammable Solids - Color and Symbol

Red and white stripes with a black flame

Hazard Class 2 - Gases - Flammable Color and Symbol

Red with a campfire

Hazard Class 3 - Flammable/Combustible Liquid - Color and Symbol

Red with a flame

What is a benefit of focusing on crime victims?

Reduces the likelihood that a victim will become a repeat victim.

Racketeering Investigation of records 13-2315

References the subpoena of financial records for racketeering investigations

Theft - Felony Exceptions

Regardless of the dollar amount the following thefts are felonies: 1. Theft of a firearm is always a felony. 2. Theft from the person of another is a felony - (pocket picking). 3. Animal taken for purposes of animal fighting

Gap Skid

Release and reapplication of brakes. Measure the skid only.

Aggravated Criminal Damage - Applicable Property Types

Religious Property Educational Property Cemetery or Mortuary Property Metal Theft Agricultural Property

What is important when speaking with passengers/witnesses?

Remember they don't have to talk to you or provide any information. Separate witnesses. Remember memory can be faulty

What are the procedures for controlling a potentially dangerous crowd?

Remove or isolate individuals who are involved in the incident. Break the crowd into small, isolated groups. Remove the crowd leader.

Shoplifting - Stealing Goods

Removing any of the goods from the immediate display or from any other place within the estab-lishment without paying the purchase price

what is the problem with exposed exterior door hinges?

Removing the pins, you can lift the door off.

10-9

Repeat Transmition

What is an administrative report?

Reports made in agency for agency use

What is the El Paso Intelligence Center (EPIC)?

Representatives from several agencies that provide intelligence related to border crime.

CRIMINAL SIMULATION

Representing something to have value that it doesn't actually have makes, alters or presents or offers (whether accepted or not) any object so that it appears to have an antiquity, rarity, source, authorship or value that it does not, in fact, possess

If a person invokes their right to silence and then changes their mind

Reread them thier miranda warnings.

What is an important example of a basic communication technique?

Restatement - checking for accuracy and clarifying semantics

What is the officers role as a first responded? - Other Resources

Seeking additional appropriate resources.

210/211

Robbery

Aggravated Robbery? - Suspect is armed but doesn't threaten with it or show it

Robbery

Aggravated Robbery? - Lookout or Get-Away Driver

Robbery Accomplice, Not Aggravated Robbery if not present and active for robbing part

Theft by Extortion vs Robbery?

Robbery requires an immediate threat while theft by extortion carries a future threat.

Robert

Baby jars, pans, and other glass jars could be paraphernalia of

Rock cocaine manufacturing

Smoked cocaine is called

Rock or Crack Cocaine

What if you have probable cause evidence is on the cell phone?

Seize the phone and write a search warrant to gain the evidence.

During a fire, what is an officer's #1 priority?

Safety of self and others

What is the order of priority?

Safety, then people, then property

Sam

Conspiracy (Punishment)

Same as crime commited

Theft - Possession of Stolen Property Punishment vs Theft

Same crime as taking it yourself

Guilty, except insane - Punishment?

Same sentence but in a secure mental health facility

Field test for cocaine

Scott Reagent

Abrasion

Scrape of the skin due to something abrasive

What is done if blood is on a material cannot be sent directly to the lab?

Scrape the dry blood onto a piece of paper with a new razor blade

What are indicators of high anxiety or emotional shock?

Screaming, Crying, or hysterical outbursts and Contradictory Behavior

Examples of Constitutional Law?

Search and Seizure, Miranda, Etc.

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Search incident to arrest - Time Frame

Search and arrest must be contemporaneous Arrest must be custodial, not a cite and release. Knowles v. Iowa

Contemporaneous Search

Search and arrest must be contemporaneous, during the same time frame. Arrest must be custodial, not a cite and release.

NY v. Belton

Search incident to arrest/motor vehicle

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Vehicle Timeframe

Search no longer needs to be contemporaneous; may be moved to another location and searched later. Chambers v. Maroney

General Rule of Expectation of Privacy

Searches with warrants are reasonable and burden shifts to the individual Searches without warrants are unreasonable burden on the state

CA v. Acevedo

Searching of closed container in a vehicle, including trunk.

Aggravated Assault - Serious Physical Injury

Serious physical (instead of physical) injury makes this Aggravated

What should be done after an explosive device goes off?

Set up a perimeter, render first aid, and don't talk to the media

An lgbt bar is targeted by a group of individuals making claim to rid the community of gays and lesbians threatening to beat up anyone who frequents the bar. What investigation?

Sexual oriented bias

What are some trafficking outreach and education resources?

Shared Hope International Polaris Project National Center for Missing and Exploited Children Outreach from local civic groups

Who can serve Writs?

Sheriff or Constable

Who can serve a Writ of Restitution?

Sheriff or Constable

What is the consistency of C-4?

Similar to white playdough

What is a flashover?

Simultaneous ignition of all fuel in a room

Direct Contact

Skin to skin touching

What are the primary components of a semi-automatic weapon?

Slide Frame Barrel Recoil Spring

What are the 3 types of searches?

Standing Kneeling Prone

What is important when setting the size of a crime scene perimeter?

Start it bigger than necessary, it can be made smaller

Supreme Court states minimum standards, but...

States and departments can be more restrictive as well.

3 Kinds of Laws?

Statutory, Constitutional, and Case

TAKING THE IDENTITY OF ANOTHER PERSON

Stealing social and working under it without consent knowingly takes, purchases, manufactures, records, possesses or uses any personal identifying information or entity identifying information of another person or entity, including a real or fictitious person or entity, without the consent of that other person or entity, with the intent to obtain or use the other person's or entity's identity for any unlawful purpose or to cause loss to a person or entity whether or not the person or entity actually suffers any economic loss as a result of the offense, or with the intent to obtain or continue employment.

Frisking a vehicle

Stop and frisk applies to vehicle. May search the lunge area if there is articulate fear the subject has a weapon.

10-39

Subjecgt in Custody/arrested person

Hazard Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxide - Concerns

Supply Oxygen highly flammable water reactive may be toxic

Code 5

Surveillance

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Revocation of Consent

Suspect may withdraw consent at any time and search must stop

Revocation of consent

Suspect may withdraw consent at any time and search must stop.

Who can serve a warrant?

Sworn Police Officer

Standing

Term used to describe any person who owns, leases, controls, lawfully occupies, rightfully possesses, or has an interest in, premises or property and can object to unreasonable or illegal search and seizure. Can also object to consent search.

What talking with a blind person what is it important they know?

That you are an officer

What is something the victim should be assured of when you are managing a scene?

That you are there to help and they are safe

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Open Fields - 4th Amendment Protections

The Fourth (4th) Amendment does not protect open fields, only curtilage.

What is command presence?

The act of displaying confidence and professionalism

What is loiding?

The act of slipping and shimming

What is an intersection?

The area contained within the extension of the curb lines or lateral roadway boundary lines.

Who must waive Attorney Client privilege?

The client

Does the very first digit have a meaning on a VIN?

The country it was manufactured in

What is full faith and credit?

The courts of one state must recognize court judgments and other public actions of other states.

When interviewing victims what is a good way to help find an MO of the suspect?

The exact words spoken by the offender

Who makes the evacuation order of a private business?

The manager or owner

C. Burden of Proof

The obligation of a party to establish a fact or issue in dispute by producing evidence which persuades the trier of fact as to its existence is? A. Exclusionary Rule B. Evidence C. Burden of Proof

Who's responsibility is it to educate our family about firearm safety?

The officer's

Exclusionary Rule - Purpose

The primary purpose is to deter unlawful searches and seizures by peace officers. This is accom- plished by eliminating the incentive for such be- havior by prohibiting the admission of any evidence which is illegally obtained. The secondary purpose is to maintain the dignity and integrity of the courts by keeping "tainted" evidence out of the courtroom. Weeks v. US

A. True

The privilege is waived by mutual consent of husband and wife (even after marriage is over, spouse cannot testify about private communications during the marriage). A. True B. False

C. Privilege

The protection of interest and relationships that, rightly or wrongly, are regarded of sufficient social importance to justify some sacrifice of availability of evidence relevant to the administration of justice. A. Common Law and Statutory. B. Constitutional. C. Privilege

A conviction for a felony suspends the following civil rights

The right to vote. The right to hold public office of trust or profit. The right to serve as a juror. The right to possess a gun or firearm. Any other right the suspension of which is necessary during a period of imprisonment.

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Search incident to arrest - Motor Vehicle Search Timeframe

The search must be made within the immediate vicinity of the arrest contemporaneous in time to the arrest

What if a repo is objected to?

The secured party must get a court order to secure the property.

Who has a right to repossession?

The securing party

A. true

The state has the burden of proof in criminal trials. A. true B. false

What creates a secondary victim?

The system

The officer / investigator should consider what facts that suggest an M.O.?

The target of the robbery / burg. Weapons. The type of property taken. The exact words spoken by the perpetrator. The number of suspects and the tasks they performed. Needless or vicious force and similar elements.

ABS Skid marks

The tire mark visible on the pavement is considerably lighter than a typical skid mark and resembles a skip skid.

What is the road?

The traveled portion and the shoulder

ARREST WARRANT - Reason

To bring the accused before the court to answer to criminal charges

After receiving victims rights who's responsibility is it to maintain an updated phone number and address?

The victim

When a weapon is returned to an abuser after a DV incident

The victim must be notified (13-3601.E)

What if an Expert Witness is proven wrong while being questioned?

The witness has been impeached and their credibility ruined

What is important when doing a 1 on 1?

The witness must come to the suspect as detained persons can't be moved

For a one-on-one who should be taken to who?

The witness to the suspect

487

Theft

What are some effects of low self esteem that a victim will feel?

They cannot care for themselves

Why are fingerprints important?

They display individual characterists and can only be traced back to 1 person.

What if someone refuses to sign a criminal traffic citation?

They go straight to a judge.

What is an officer's responsibility regarding Victim's Rights?

They must complete and distribute the form

Why is it important to let a victim "vent" and receive validation?

They need a chance to tell their story in their words and own way

Why are photographs important?

They provide a permanent record of spatial relationships of items at a crime scene

Why are special interviewing techniques needed when dealing with the abuser?

They will try to portray themselves in a positive light, blame the victim, and/or manipulate you.

What is Target Hardening?

Things citizens can do to help prevent crimes.

Impeach a Witness

To hurt the their credibility

What is the purpose of crowd control?

To move crowds away from a particular area

Unlawful Assembly - Similar Crime?

Trespassing

Threatening or intimidating

Threatening: -To cause physical injury to another person or serious damage to the property of another; or -To cause, or in reckless disregard to causing, serious public inconvenience including, but not limited to, evacuation of a building, place of assembly or transportation facility (FIRE in a theater); or -To cause physical injury to another person or serious damage to the property of another (gang related)

How is command presence maintained?

Through good verbal skills and effective vocabulary in an appropriate manner and tone

How long is an Emergency OoP valid?

Through the close of the next business day

Where in A.R.S. are Statutory Laws Defined?

Title 13, Title 28, Title 4

Rehabilitate a Witness

To Rebuild Credibility

Why should DNA be collected in separate packages?

To prevent cross-contamination

Why must a crime scene be closed to unauthorized access?

To prevent destruction and contamination

Arrest

To seize by legal authority or warrant; to take into custody.

Why are FI's important?

Today's victim could be tomorrow's suspect

What does TACT stand for?

Tone, Atmosphere, Communication, Time

What is the danger zone?

Touch distance plus 2 or more steps

Indirect Contact

Touching over clothing or with an object

How might a scent be used at a crime scene?

Tracking dogs may be used to track it

What is the primary purpose of your off hand flashlight in a traffic stop?

Tracking movement in a vehicle

How is trafficking different from smuggling?

Traffickers maintain ongoing control over victims, even after the border is crossed.

How is blood helpful in a crime scene?

Trails are helpful in following suspects

We communicate on 2 levels, content and emotions. What is important to pay the most attention to?

Train yourself to pay attention to the emotion behind what's being said.

What is a method of slowing a vehicle without braking?

Turn braking

Sexting, nudes, dick pics - What crime?

USE OF A TELEPHONE TO TERRIFY, INTIMIDATE, THREATEN, HARASS, ANNOY OR OFFEND

Telemarketers, robo-calls, bill collectors - What Crime?

USE OF A TELEPHONE TO TERRIFY, INTIMIDATE, THREATEN, HARASS, ANNOY OR OFFEND

An officer ignoring petty calls or civil disputes is what stereotype

Uncaring and apathetic toward the needs of the community

Wiretaps

Uncommon. Monitored closely by judge and cannot be disclosed to anyone not involved.

Profiling based solely on race is

Unconstitutional

Juvenile age?

Under 18

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Abandoned Property

Under this exception, property abandoned or thrown away may be searched or seized by police officers without a warrant because there is no reasonable expectation of privacy. The property must be clearly abandoned CA v. Greenwood . Abel v. U.S.

An officer stealing from a wallet of an arrest person is what stereo type

Unethical

Kidnapping

Unlawful Imprisonment with intent to 1. Hold the victim for ransom, as a shield or hostage; or 2. Hold the victim for involuntary servitude or commit any crime upon the person or use the person in the commission of a felony; or 3. Place the person or a third person in reasonable apprehension of physical injury; or 4. Interfere with a government or political function; or 5. Seize control over an airplane, bus, ship or any other vehicle.

Nearly half of all stolen vehicles are

Unlocked

Courts assume search/seizure without a warrant is

Unreasonable (Burden is on the state)

How, and in what shape does fire burn?

Up and out, in a "V"

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Emergency/Exigent Circumstances - Emergency - Plain View

Upon entry, plain view doctrine applies

907

Urgent Back Up

Traditional policing is ________ mentality

Us vs Them

When working in a disadvantaged neighborhood how should you communicate?

Use a respectful tone

What are some key points to communicating with children?

Use consideration and empathy, get down to their eye level

Strip Searches

Use discretion. Must have reason to believe the suspect may be concealing evidence or a weapon. Usually done by detention personnel.

Graham v. Connor

Use of force (severity) based on following factors, must be reasonable: 1. Severity of the crime 2. Threat to others or LE? 3. Actively resisting or attempting to evade arrest? 4. Was a warning given?

Robbery

Use or threatened use of force to get someones property in the course of taking any property of another from his/her person or immediate presence and against his/her will, such person threatens or uses force against any person with intent either to coerce surrender of property or to prevent resistance to such person taking or retaining property.

Criminal Damage - Damage Estimate

Use personal knowledge/experience in making repair estimate. Must be reasonable.

Aggravated Assault - Deadly Weapon

Uses a deadly weapon during the assault

Disorderly Conduct - Offensive Language

Uses abusive or offensive language or gestures to any person present in a manner likely to provoke immediate physical retaliation by such person;

1. as an item of proof (tends to prove a fact at issue) 2. ***Impeach a witness*** (prior inconsistent statements) 3. ***Rehabilitate a witness*** (prior consistent statements) 4. ***Assist in determining sentence*** facts or circumstances which might aggravate or mitigate the situation)

Uses of Evidentiary Rules (P.O. 2.4.3)

C. prior inconsistent statements

What are some ways that we can impeach a witness? A. facts or circumstances which might aggravate or mitigate the situation B. prior consistent statements C. prior inconsistent statements

Search Warrant Return - Execution

Within 5 calendar days of issuance, with option to renew for 5 additional day with judge's authorization.

Wearing a seatbelt during a collision allows you to keep _______ control

Vehicle

What does VIN stand for?

Vehicle Identification Number

10-28

Vehicle Registration Check

What is the first phase of DUI detection?

Vehicle in motion

After officer presence, what are the next 2 levels of control?

Verbal direction Empty Hand control

You and your field training officer respond to the report of a vehicle burglary that occurred at 1911 S. Peterson Ln. Gilbert, Az. that occurred within the past three hours. Upon your arrival, the victim tells you he works for the Arizona Diamondbacks and makes $100,000 dollars a year. The victim says he pays your salary and you need to catch this perp! During your investigation you learn $1,500.00 worth of baby formula. When you ask the victim if he had his car locked, he says no and this was his first time every leaving it unlocked. When documenting your report, what do you think is not as important to list based on the information given?

Victim salary.

A. Testimonial

Victim takes the stand and recounts the details of the crime. What type of evidence is this? A. Testimonial B. Documentary C. Demonstrative

What crimes can a minor be tried as an adult?

Violent Felonies

Plain View

Visible from where an officer has a right to be. Officer can immediately seize the item. Item must be immediately recognizable as being crime related.

What sense does fatigue have the greatest effect on?

Vison

What types of unintentional discharge are there?

Voluntary Invonluntary

Seizure Hierarchy

Voluntary Encounters Show of Force w/o submission Investigative Detention Arrest - based on probable cause

B. prior consistent statements

What are some ways that we can rehabilitate a witness? A. facts or circumstances which might aggravate or mitigate the situation B. prior consistent statements C. prior inconsistent statements

1. *Direct* 2. *Circumstantial* 3. Real or Physical 4. Testimonial 5. Documentary 6. Demonstrative

What are the 6 types of evidence?

1. Present Sense Impression (time is important) 2. Excited Utterance/ Spontaneous Statement (time is important) 3. Recorded Recollections 4. Public Records & Reports 5. Vital Statistics 6. Previous Convictions 7. Learned Treatises

What are the Exceptions to Hearsay: (JFYI)

You respond to an alarm call for service at 525 S. Farkas St. Avondale, Az. where there is indication of front door intruder alarm, living room motion, and bedroom motion inside of the residence. Upon your arrival you notice the front door has been forced in. The door jam has fresh damage and the door is completely off its hinges. The victim is also calling police indicating no one is supposed to be at the residence, but you can hear someone's voice inside. The victim is willing to aid in prosecution. What should you do next?

Wait for back up, K9, helicopter.

If you are alone, you should do this before attempting to secure a scene

Wait for backup

Preferred method of search?

Warrant

How can blood be legally taken?

Warrant Consent

10-40F

Warrant-Felony

10-40M

Warrant:Midemeanor

10-29

Warrants Check

What is the question regarding trains?

Was the collision at or near a grade crossing?

Disorderly Conduct - Felony?

Weapon related Disorderly Conduct Recklessly handles, displays or discharges a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument.

What formation protects the side of the field force

Wedge

A. facts or circumstances which might aggravate or mitigate the situation

What are some ways that we can assist in determining sentence? A. facts or circumstances which might aggravate or mitigate the situation B. prior consistent statements C. prior inconsistent statements

C. Impeach of witness, rehabilitate a witness, & to assist in determining sentence

What are the valid uses or purposes of evidence? A. Law of evidence B. Hearsay exceptions C. Impeach of witness, rehabilitate a witness, & to assist in determining sentence

C. Probative Value

What general criteria for admission for evidence of court is: Tendency of the evidence to establish the proposition that it is offered to prove. A. Relevance B. Materiality C. Probative Value

A. Relevance

What general criteria for admission for evidence of court is: any tendency to make the existence of any material fact more or less probable than it would be without such evidence. A. Relevance B. Materiality C. Probative Value

B. Materiality

What general criteria for admission for evidence of court is: strong relation between evidence and case issue. A. Relevance B. Materiality C. Probative Value

C. disclose it, it tells the jury that the evidence may be considered favorable to the defense

What if you lose or destroy evidence prior to trial? A. nothing, you suck! B. tell the jury and create new evidence C. disclose it, it tells the jury that the evidence may be considered favorable to the defense

Smoke and flame color can sometimes indicate

What is burning

A. Exclusionary Rule

What is evidence illegally obtained that cannot be used at trial? A. Exclusionary Rule B. Evidence C. Burden of Proof

Expectation of Privacy (Definition)

What is sought to be preserved as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected Katz v. U.S.; U.S. v. Basher

Expectation of Privacy

What is sought to be preserved as private, even in an area accessible to the public

C. Hearsay Rule

What is that term that matches the example: witness testifies that her neighbor told her that the defendant committed a robbery. A. Non- Hearsay Rule B. The Rule C. Hearsay Rule

A. Hearsay Rule

What is the correct term for the definition: an out of court statement offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted. A. Hearsay Rule B. Declarant C. Statement

B. Privilege

What is the term that encourages communication between certain people? A. Martial Communication B. Privilege C. Common Law

10-20

What is your location

Is this a Missing Person Situation? What things should be looked at?

When Did this happen? Time is a key factor First Action - Contacting Friends/Family Weather Conditions may influence Response Are there any exigent circumstances? Are they in a mental or physical emergency?

When can firearms be seized during DV situations?

When The officer believes there is a risk of serious bodily injury or death.

When is a time limit not in effect?

When accused leaves the state or has no ascertainable place of abode

Open View (Definition)

When an officer, outside of a constitutionally pro- tected area, sees an item inside of that protected area and has probable cause to believe the item constitutes evidence, a search warrant is required to seize the item

When is a search warrant necessary?

When in doubt, get a Warrant. Burden falls on the officer to prove the Warrant Exception

When is strangulation Aggravated Assault?

When it is a domestic violence incident.

When is threatening and intimidating a felony?

When it is gang related

When can an officer remove or have removed a vehicle?

When the person in charge of such vehicle is unable to provide for its custody or removal

What is an interchange?

Where a freeway meets city streets

What is an uncontrolled final position?

Where a vehicle came to rest naturally after a collision

What is the point of rest?

Where a vehicle stops after a collision on its own

What is the point of impact?

Where the cars or objects collide

B. Hearsay Rule

Which of the following is not an use of evidentiary rules? A. Impeach A Witness B. Hearsay Rule C. Assist in determining sentence

Hazard Class 6 - Poisons - Color and Symbol

White background with skull and crossbones

What color is the center of detonation cord?

White or pink

Hazard Class 9 - Other Regulated Materials - Color

White with stripes on top half

Prohibited Possessor - Convict

Who has been convicted within, or outside of, this state of a felony or who had been adjudicated delinquent for a felony and whose civil rights to possess or carry have not been restored

Prohibited Possessor - Crazy

Who has been found to constitute a danger to him- self/herself or to others or to be persistently or acutely disable or gravely disable pursuant to court order under A.R.S. § 36-540 and whose right to possess a firearm has not been restored pursuant to A.R.S. § 13-925

Prohibited Possessor - In the US illegally

Who is an undocumented alien or a nonimmigrant alien traveling with or without documentation in this state for business or pleasure or who is studying in this state and who maintains a foreign residence abroad.

Prohibited Possessor - In Custody

Who is, at the time of possession, serving a term of imprisonment in any correctional or detention facility or a person who is on probation for a domestic violence offense, a felony, or under community supervision.

How do you establish the predominant aggressor?

Who used the most significant force

William

How must a hearing impaired person be given their miranda rights?

With a qualified interpreter

How should the scene and injuries be recorded?

With photographs

How long can we detain someone?

With reasonable suspicion, for a reasonable amount of time.

What are kinetics?

Wordless communications

What should be done with spent bullets?

Wrap in cotton or filter paper and place in a plastic or glass vial. Seal with a gummed label

What Writ is required for an Eviction?

Writ of Restitution

Issuing a bad check

Writing a check you know you can't afford

Xray

What is the 10th character of the VIN mean?

Year

Hazard Class 7 - Radioactives - Color and Symbol

Yellow and White with a black trifoil

Hazard Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxide - Color and Symbol

Yellow with a burning prill

Avondale Police CAT Team served a warrant and located multiple stolen laptops and electronics inside of the suspects room belonging to multiple additional Goodyear residents. Avondale Police CAT Team contacted Goodyear Police Net Team and they exchange information, reports, linked recovered property to the victims of these crimes, returned the property, and charged the suspect. Is this a good example of communicating with another agency to determine if this recovered property was linked to a crime?

Yes

Is it important to specifically hear what the suspect is saying during an interview to help with establishing M.O.?

Yes

Oh my god, he just killed kenny! Is this statement hearsay?

Yes

Should a victim in crisis be allowed to talk to others?

Yes

Should the relationship between the suspect, witness, and victims be explored?

Yes

You respond to a Domestic Violence call, a man admits to killing his brother after letting you enter. Can this confession be used?

Yes

Hearsay to support issuance of a search warrant?

Yes, Jones v United States

Warrantless Search and Seizures - Vehicle Stops - Can an officer stop a motorist who violated a traffic law even if he has other motives for the stop?

Yes, but cannot profile based solely on race. Whren v. U.S.

In a drug case, drugs are illegally searched for and taken. Are the Relevant?

Yes, but inadmissible

Can an officer have passengers exit the vehicle during a stop?

Yes, can physically remove if necessary. Need reasonable suspicion to pat down.

A dying person tells you information pertaining to a case just before dying, is this admissible?

Yes, there is a Dying Declaration exception to the Hearsay Rule

Are public records admissible in court?

Yes, there is a public records hearsay exception

A victim of domestic violence is crying while recounting the events of the violence, is this admissible if they aren't in court?

Yes, under the excited utterance hearsay exception

Oh my god, he just killed kenny! Is this statement admissible?

Yes, under the excited utterance hearsay exception

Someone approaches you and hysterically tells you about an assault they just witnessed. Is this admissible if they don't come to court?

Yes, under the excited utterance hearsay exception

Can a felon work for the state and/or hold business licenses?

Yes, unless the line of work is related to the felony they were convicted of

Can informant information be used in issuing a search warrant?

Yes, with a detailed record of information of the informants history and reliability. Illinois v Gates

A. Exclusionary Rule- fruit of the poisonous tree

You obtain evidence illegal, what doctrine does this bad evidence come from? A. Exclusionary Rule- fruit of the poisonous tree B. Exclusionary Rule- fruit of the loom C. Willits instruction

C. Circumstantial

You respond to a sexual assault, you speak to the neighbor who said they heard screaming, saw someone run out of house and leave in a white Toyota Camry. What type of evidence is this? A. Testimonial B. Documentary C. Circumstantial

B. inadmissible

You stop a vehicle illegally, while searching the vehicle you obtain evidence. Is this evidence admissible or inadmissible? A. admissible B. inadmissible C. I don't know, I am going to fail.

How is DV charged?

You write DV at the end of the actual crime charged

Zebra

B. Confession

______ is an acknowledgement of involvement in the crime charged including all elements and intent. A. Conspiracy B. Confession C. Compromise

Civil Remedies

a "fender bender" may be very minor and the parties may wish to handle the problem themselves rather than get the police involved.

Civil remedies

a "fender bender" may be very minor and the parties may wish to handle the problem themselves rather than get the police involved.

Coin machine

a coin box, turnstile, vending machine or other mechanical, electrical or electronic device or receptacle designed to receive a coin or bill of a certain denomination or a token made for such purpose and in return for the insertion or deposit thereof, automati-cally to offer, provide, assist in providing or permit the acquisition or use of some property or service

Case Law

a decision made by a judge that changes the way we use or interpret statutes

Person (Definitions)

a human being

Master Key

a key that operates all the keyed locks or cylinders in a similar type or group of locks

Manipulation Key

a key, device or instrument, other than a key that is designed to operate a specific lock

Qualified Immunity

a legal doctrine that shields government officials from liability if their conduct did not violate clearly established civil rights of which a reasonable person would have known

What does using profanity portray

a negative image of police

Unlawful Failure to return rented property

a person knowingly fails without good cause to return such property within 72 hours after the time provided for such return in the rental agreement

Merchant

a person who is authorized under a written contract with a participating party to furnish money, goods, services or anything else of value on presentation of a credit card by a card holder.

Intentionally (Definitions)

a person's objective is to cause that result or to engage in that conduct.

livor mortis

a purple or red discoloration of the skin caused by pooling of blood after death

What amount of time must be allowed for phone calls if requested?

a reasonable

Webster's defines partnerships as

a relationship involving cost cooperation between parties having specific and joint rights and responsibilities

Fire is

a self-sustained, rapid oxidation process, accompanied by the evolution of heat and light in varying intensities.

What are the elements of A2?

a. To drive or be in actual physical control of a vehicle. b. Within this state. c. 0.08 or more alcohol concentration within two (2) hours of driving.

Reasonable Suspicion

a suspicion based on specific facts and circumstances; less than probable cause

Fenced residential yard

a unit of real property immediately surrounding, or adjacent to, a residential structure and enclosed by a fence, wall, building or similar barrier or any combination thereof. Can be a natural barrier

Fenced commercial yard

a unit of real property surrounded completely by either fences, walls, buildings or similar barriers or any combina- tion thereof, and zoned for business operations or where livestock, produce or other commercial items are located

What makes the biggest impact on stopping distance

a wet street

Complete written instrument

a written instrument which contains some matter by way of content or authenti-cation, but which requires additional matter to render it a complete written instrument.

For the purposes of Miranda, a person is in custody when

a) the person has been actually placed under arrest or b) the person's freedom of movement has been restrained to the degree associated with a formal arrest

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Other Exceptions - Parolee/probationer

a. Agreed to by suspect as condition for release. b. If authority is not specifically provided by the court, the search must be done by parole / probation officer, not by police officer.

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Other Exceptions - Airport/border searches

a. Conducted as a matter of public safety. b. Conducted by special authorities.

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement

a. Consent. b. Exigent/emergency circumstances. c. Incident to arrest. d. Plain view. e. Open fields. f. Mobile vehicles. g. Inventory of a person's property. h. Abandoned property.

Service of Warrant - Knock and Announce Requirements (US v Banks)

a. Reasonable time to respond must be given. b. After notice of authority/presence and purpose of the search warrant, admittance is refused. c. No knock requirements.

Position of trust

a. the minor's parent, step parent, adoptive parent, legal guardian, or foster parent. b. The minor's teacher. c. The minor's coach or instructor, whether the coach or instructor is an employee or volunteer. d. The minor's clergyman or priest. e. Engaged in a sexual or romantic relationship with the minor's parent, adoptive parent, legal guardian, foster parent, or step parent.

What are the elements of A1?

a. To drive or be in actual physical control of a vehicle. b. Within this state. c. Under the influence of intoxicating liquor, drugs, toxic vapors or any combination

What are the elements of A4?

a. To drive or be in actual physical control. b. A commercial motor vehicle. c. Within the state. d. Have an alcohol concentration of 0.04 or more.

What are the elements of A3?

a. Within this state. b. With any of the specified drugs or their metabolites in their body.

Critical Public Service Facility

a. A structure or fenced yard that is posted with signage indicating it is a felony to tres- pass or signage indicating high voltage or high pressure and is used by a rail, bus, air or other mass transit provider, a public or private utility, any municipal corporation, city town or other political subdivision that is organized under state law and that gener- ates, transmits, distributes or otherwise provides natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, electricity or a combustible substance for a delivery system that is not a retail-only facility, a telecommunications carrier or telephone company, a municipal provider as defined in Section 45-561, a law enforce- ment agency, a public or private fire department or an emergency medical service provider; or b. A structure or fenced yard or any equipment or apparatus that is posted with signage indicating it is a felony to trespass or sign- age indicating high voltage or high pressure and is used to manufacture, extract, trans- port, distribute or store gas, including natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas, oil, electricity, water or hazardous materials, unless it is a retail-only facility

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Consent Search Authority and Scope

a. Consider apparent authority, but do not depend on this. b. Explain what the search is looking for.

What constitutes a reportable collision?

a. Did the incident involve one (1) or more occurrences of injury, death or damage? b. Was there at least one (1) occurrence of injury, death or damage that was not a direct result of cataclysm? c. Was the bodily death or damage to the property of any person in excess of $1,000? (See A.R.S. §28-667.) d. Did the incident involve one (1) or more motor vehicles? e. Of the motor vehicles involved, was at least one (1) in transport? f. Was the incident an unstabilized situation? g. Did the unstabilized situation originate on a trafficway or did injury or damage occur on a trafficway? h. If collision involves train, was collision at or near grade crossing.

Obedience to police officers

a. No person shall willfully fail, or refuse to comply with, any lawful order or direction of any police officer invested by law with authority to direct, control or regulate traffic. b. A person who fails to act as provided by this section is guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor.

Without consent

a. The victim is coerced by the immediate use, or threatened use, of force against a person b. The victim is incapable of consent by reason of mental disorder, drugs, alcohol, sleep or any other similar impairment of cognition AND such condition is known, or should have reasonably been known, to the defendant c. The victim is intentionally deceived as to the nature of the act d. The victim is intentionally deceived to erroneously believe that the person is the victim's spouse

Sex trafficking for adults definition:

a. A person commits sex trafficking by knowingly enticing, recruiting, harboring, providing, transporting or otherwise obtaining another person with either: i. The intent to cause the other person to engage in any prostitution or sexually explicit performance by deception, force or coercion; or ii. The knowledge that the other person will engage in any prostitution or sexually explicit performance by deception, coercion or force.

What are some of the facts behind myths about DV?

a. Affects everyone regardlessof race or economic status. b. Alcohol/drugs increase the frequency and severity of the abuse, but no causal relationship exists. c. No one deserves it. Victims stay for a variety of reasons - Relationship commitment, no place to go, lack of resources, low self-esteem and fear play a strong role. d. The most dangerous time for a victim is when they leave the relationship or seek intervention. e. D.V. is a learned behavior and is a crime. It is a community problem which impacts everyone and without intervention, it will repeat itself and be learned by the next generation. f. Eighty percent (80%) of abusers are not violent towards anyone else but their families. g. D.V. is not anger driven, it is power and control over another individual.

What are some myths about DV?

a. Affects only minorities/low income areas. b. Alcohol/drugs cause domestic violence. c. Victims deserve to be abused if they stay. d. Violence is a private matter so others should not intervene. e. Abusers are violent in all relationships. f. The abuse is a result of an anger problem.

Accidental - Cause Examples

a. Airplane crash. b. Electrocution. c. Industrial. d. Drowning. e. Auto-erotic.

What are the 3 types of heat transfer?

a. Conduction: Direct contact. b. Convection: Changes in density of gases. c. Radiation: Infrared radiation.

Authority and scope of control

a. Consider apparent authority, but do not depend on this. b. Explain what the search is looking for.

Unknown - Cause Examples

a. Found dead. b. No sign of foul play. c. No sign of natural death. d. No doctor to sign.

Suicide - Cause Examples

a. Gunshot. b. Hanging. c. Poisoning. d. Carbon monoxide inhalation. e. Suffocation or physical injury. f. Slashing wrists

Homicide - Cause Examples

a. Gunshot. b. Knife. c. Blunt force. d. Multiple deaths.

Natural Death - Cause Examples

a. Heart attack. b. Cancer. c. Diabetes. d. Various other diseases.

What are some dangers of ordinary combustible materials?

a. Heat. b. Carbon monoxide. c. Toxic gases. d. Smoke-decreased visibility.

Vehicle Inventory

a. Inventory is done with the intent to protect the owner's property and/or the officer from allegations of theft. b. Good faith is essential. c. Agency must have a written policy concerning inventory and policy must be complied with.

What must officers provide to DV victims?

a. National hotline phone number (1-800-799-SAFE). b. Local Shelter Number c. Provide safety plan and information, if appropriate. d. Explain Orders of Protection.

Restrain without Consent is accomplished by:

a. Physical force, intimidation or deception b. Any means, including acquiescence (consent) of the victim, if the victim is a child less than 18 years of age or an incompetent person and the victim's lawful custodian has not acquiesced in the movement or confinement.

What are the 7 gang member identification criteria?

a. Self-Proclamation b. Witness Testimony / Official Statement c. Paraphernalia or Photographs d. Tattoos e. Clothing or Colors f. Written or Electronic Correspondence g. Any other indicia of Street Gang membership

The officer's ____ to successfully resolve problems, affects our image

ability

Searching a burning building should be done only when

absolutely necessary

Facilitation

acting with knowledge that another person is committing or intends to commit an offense, the person knowingly provides the other person with means or opportunity for the commission of the offense.

"Pre-Grooming"

actions deliberately undertaken with the aim of befriending and establishing an emotional connection with a child, to lower the child's inhibitions in order to sexually abuse them or lure them into prostitution.

contemporaneous (definition)

actions occurring during the same time frame, but not simultaneous

Premeditation (Definitions)

acts with either the intention or the knowledge that he/she will kill another human being, when such intention or knowledge precedes the killing by a length of time to permit reflection

Following an arrest a subject must be read the ______ to remind them of their requirement to submit to tests

admin per se

When taking photographs of a victim, officers must

be sensitive to the embarrassment/privacy of the victim

post mortem

after death

Conspiracy

agrees with one (1) or more persons that at least one (1) of them or another person will engage in conduct constituting the offense and one (1) of the parties commits an overt act in furtherance of the offense,

Florida v. Royer

airport stop circumstances did not support consensual moving of suspect

Clues you might smell in phase 2?

alcohol cover-up odors unusual odors

What is the definition of evidence?

all the means by which any alleged crime, the truth of which is submitted to invest, is established or proven

Written instrument

any paper, document or other instrument containing written or printed matter (or its equivalent) or any token, stamp, seal, badge, trademark or other evidence or symbol of value, right, privilege or identification

Dealer in property

any person who buys or sells property as a business.

Standing

allows the victim to recover damages from an individual or governmental entities that violate the Victims' Rights Act.

Community policing is _______ policy

an Organization wide

Conduct (Definitions)

an act or omission and its accompanying culpable mental state.

If PC exists for DUI _____ will be made

an arrest

What is the Law Enforcement Intelligence Unit (LEIU)?

an association of participating law enforcement agencies and provided intelligence resources

Active listening is

an important element of interpersonal communication

Community policing is _______ approach to decision making

an inclusive

What does DPS offer in terms of Organized Crime?

an intelligence unit and computer systems which join several police departments together to share information on local criminals including criminal gangs. Arizona's governing user of ACIC and NCIC Managing user of GangNet database Host agency for GIITEM: Gang and Immigration Intelligence Team Enforcement Mission - GIITEM is a multi-agency, state gang task force.

Slug

an object, article or device which by virtue of its size, shape or any other quality, is capable of being inserted, deposited or otherwise used in a coin machine as a fraudulent substitute for a genuine token, lawful coin or bill of the United States

Arrest Warrant allows (Payton v. New York)

an officer to force entry (after knocking and announcing) into the arrestee's residence for purposes of serving the warrant (making the arrest).

Warnings

an officer's discretion allows the use of verbal and/or written warning instead of arrest of citations.

Criminal Street Gang (Definitions)

an ongoing formal or informal association of persons whose members or associates, individually or collectively, engage in the commission, attempted commission, facilitation or solicitation of any felony act

Search Warrant (Definition)

an order, in writing, issued in the name of the state of Arizona, signed by a magistrate, directed to a peace officer, commanding him/her to search for personal property, persons or items

What are some emotional responses to victimization?

anger, lack of control, unhappy

A white male is walking past a group of Hispanic males. The Hispanic males threatened the white male along with shouting racial slurs. The motivation is

anti racial

Wild land

any brush-covered land, cut-over land, forest, grassland or woods

Structure

any building, object, vehicle, watercraft, aircraft or place with sides and a floor, used for lodging, business, transportation, recreation or storage

Issuer

any business organization, state agency or financial institution or its authorized agents, which issues a credit card.

Access device

any card, token, code, account number, electronic serial number, mobile or personal iden-tification number, password, encryption key, biometric identifier or other means of account access, including a canceled or revoked access device that can be used alone, or in conjunction with another access device, to obtain money, goods, services, computer or network access or any other thing of value that can be used to initiate a transfer of anything of value.

Check

any check, draft or other negotiable instrument of any kind.

Contraband

any dangerous drug, narcotic drug, marijuana, intoxicating liquor of any kind, deadly weapon, dangerous instrument, explosive, wireless communication device, including multimedia storage device or any article whose use or possession would endanger the safety, security or preservation of order in a correctional facility or of any person therein.

Credit card

any instrument or device issued with or without a fee by an issuer for the use of the card holder in obtaining money, goods, services or anything else of value, either on credit or in possession or in consideration of an undertaking or guaranty by the issuer of the payment of a check drawn by the card holder upon a promise to pay in part, or in full thereof, at a future time whether or not all or any part of the indebtedness that is represented by the promise to make deferred payment is secured or unsecured

Intoxication (Definitions)

any mental or physical incapacity resulting from use of drugs, toxic vapors or intoxicating liquors.

Treat an undercover officer like

any other contact

Card holder

any person: 1. Named on the face of a credit card to whom, or for whose benefit, the card is issued by an issuer; or 2. In possession of a credit card with the consent of the person to whom the card was issued.

Damaging

any physical or visual impairment of any surface."

Non-residential structure

any structure other than a residential structure.

Residential structure

any structure, movable or immovable, permanent or temporary, adapted for both human residence and lodging whether occupied or not

Defacing

any unnecessary act of substantially marring any surface or place by any means, or any act of putting up, affixing, fastening, printing or painting any notice upon any structure without permission of the owner.

Structure

any vending machine, or any building, object, vehicle, railroad car or any place with sides and a floor that is separately securable from any other structure attached to it and used for lodging, business, transportation, recreation or storage

Forged instrument

any written instrument which has been falsely made, completed or altered

Deadly Weapon (Definitions)

anything designed for lethal use, including a firearm.

Property (Definitions)

anything of value, tangible or intangible.

Property

anything other than a structure which has value (tangible or not, public or private, real or personal, including documents evidencing value or owner- ship

Dangerous Instrument (Definitions)

anything that under the circumstances in which it is used, attempted to be used or threatened to be used is readily capable of causing death or serious physical injury.

For misdemeanor or felony traffic crimes victim's rights

are required

While you can't guarantee a victim safety forever you should reassure they

are safe right now

In traditional policing _____ is the primary tool

arrest

What type of criminal activity is associated with Extremist Groups?

arson, vandalism, assaults, intimidation, bombings, homicides, etc.

Community policing is an approach that _____ traditional policing practiced

augments

When responding to a suspicious device, you should _____

avoid touching and/or moving the device

Recklessly (Definitions)

aware of and consciously disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk

The victim should be interviewed here in regards to the abuser and witnesses

away from

Sex trafficking of children

b. A person commits sex trafficking by knowingly enticing, recruiting, harboring, providing, transporting or otherwise obtaining another person who is under eighteen (18) years of age with either: i. The intent to cause the other person to engage in any prostitution or sexually explicit performance by deception, force or coercion; or ii. The knowledge that the other person will engage in any prostitution or sexually explicit performance by deception, coercion or force.

Its Friday the 13th and you are working swing shift. At about 1400 hours, the Bank of America is robbed at gun point and the suspect flees via unknown vehicle with an undisclosed amount of money. First officers on scene advise the suspect fled and left with bait bills / traceable currency. Officers attempted to locate the suspect, but were met with negative results. About 45 minutes later you respond to a priority vehicle theft call for service where the victims vehicle was just stolen. You respond to the victims location and notice there is a black duffel bag of money laying next to the scene of the crime that has spewed out and there is money blowing all over in the wind. What's the most efficient way to determine if this money is linked to the robbery?

bait bills / traceable currency

Which is true regarding officers referring agencies

be aware of agencies in the area to use as resource

The entire patrol vehicle should be searched at the beginning and end of your shift and ____

before and after transporting anyone in the prisoner area of the vehicle

The officer's _____ when responding to calls for service, at accident or crime scenes, etc., affects our image

behavior and demeanor

What is the benefit of high police visibility?

believed to reduce crime

If someone in crisis is unable to accept responsibility they may

blame others

What are the options for testing BAC?

blood breath urine

What are some clues an officer might see in phase 2?

bloodshot/watery eyes soiled clothing fumbling fingers

Behavior _____, affects our image

both on and off duty.

Aggravated Assault - Bound

bound or otherwise physically restrained or while the victim's capacity to resist is substantially impaired.

What is a neighborhood or block watch?

brings neighbors together to discuss neighborhood issues and crime prevention topics.

Contusion

bruise

Meth is cooked with

bunsen burners, glassware, beakers, funnels

Warrant must be signed

by an impartial judge

Resisting Arrest

by intentionally preventing, or attempting to prevent, a person reasonably known to him/her to be a peace officer, acting under color of his/her official authority, from effecting an arrest by: The officer does not have to announce that the person is under arrest for the person to be convicted of resisting arrest. 1. Using, or threatening to use, physical force against the peace officer or another; or 2. Using any other means creating a substantial risk of causing physical injury to the peace officer or another.

How can the swivel of a handcuff be broken?

by stabilizing the outer portion and applying pressure through the use of leverage

Traditional policing officers focus on _______

call responses and arrests

Reports ____ be used to refresh your memory for court

can

Weapons with blood -

carefully put them in paper bags or envelopes

In community policing we are trying to treat the ____

cause

Skip skid marks

caused by rough road or poor shocks. Measure the entire distance including the gaps.

Aggravated Assault - Disfigurement

causes temporary but substantial disfigurement, temporary but substantial loss or impairment of any body organ or part or a fracture of any body part

Any time evidence is handled or moved

chain of custody must be maintained

When arriving to an alarm call always ____

check the surrounding area first

AZ v. Fisher

circumstances that can justify a protective sweep

To which agency should violations of public health statutes be reported

city or county health dept

Solicitation

commands, encourages, or requests another person to engage in conduct which would constitute the crime.

Burglary 1st Degree

commits any burglary and knowingly possesses any EXPLOSIVES, A DEADLY WEAPON OR DANGEROUS INSTRUMENT

Aggravated Assault - Order of Protection

commits the assault in violation of an order of protection issued against the person

Understanding differences assists us in understanding a different point of view, which enables us to

communicate more effectively in positive and adverse conditions

Adequate provocation (Definitions)

conduct or circumstances sufficient to deprive a reasonable person of self control.

A person in crisis may show ___ behavir

contradictory

Community partnerships: ______ and marshal resources

coordinate

Meth aka

crank, speed, ice

Community partnerships: Impact _____, ______, and perceptions of quality of life issues`

crime fear

Community policing is _____ oriented

customer

What is induced damage?

damage caused by the shock of the collision

Trigger points: _____, ______, natural disaster or community victimization

death serious injury

Fatigue affects your _____

decision/reaction time

Community engagement principals: trust from _____

deeds, not words

Trigger points: events caused by ______

deep seated distrust, the original reason may be unknown

Manslaughter - Forced 2nd degree murder

murder after being coerced to do so by the use, or threatened immediate use, of unlawful deadly physical force

What is done during the response phase?

develop long-term, creative, and customized solutions to the problem.

Vehicle (Definitions)

device in, upon or by which any person or property is, may be or could have been transported or drawn upon a highway, waterway or airway, excepting devices moved by human power or used exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks.

Work place harassment

discrimination on the basis of protected class or category, the creation of, or participation in, a hostile work environment, sexual harassment or violence in the work place

Active listening should be used for ___ situations

diffusing

Missouri v. McNeely

dissipation of blood alcohol, by itself, does not constitute exigent circumstances sufficient to justify a warrantless search.

Safe driving demands the ability to _____ among simultaneous tasks

divide attention

When swabbing a scene

do as much as reasonably possible

OBSTRUCTING A HIGHWAY OR OTHER PUBLIC THOROUGHFARE

does either of the following: 1. Having no legal privilege to do so, recklessly interferes with the passage of any highway or public thoroughfare by creating an unreasonable inconvenience or hazard. 2. Intentionally activates a pedestrian signal on a highway or public thoroughfare if the person's reason for activating the signal is not to cross the highway or public thoroughfare, but to do both of the following: a. Stop the passage of traffic on the highway or public thoroughfare. b. Solicit a driver for a donation or business.

Opinions ____ belong in reports

don't

Drinking while taking barbiturates

doubles the affect

Driving on a gravel road vs a paved street is a change in

driving conditions

What type of criminal activity is associated with Prison Gangs?

drug trafficking, extortion, inter-gang violence, murder for hire, stolen property, etc.

What type of criminal activity is associated with Outlaw Motorcycle Groups?

drug trafficking, prostitution, stolen property, weapons offenses, murder for hire, intimidation, etc.

What type of criminal activity is associated with Criminal street/Ethnic Gangs?

drug trafficking, vandalism, intergang violence, murder for hire, stolen property, assaults, etc.

What is true of liquid blood obtained from a victim or suspect?

must be placed in color coded vials or tubes

What plays a big role in crime reduction

education

What are the 3 types of blasting caps?

electric, non-electric, and shock tube

Scanning device

electronic device that is used to access, read, scan, obtain, memorize, transmit or store (temporarily or permanently) information that is encoded on a magnetic strip or stripe of a credit card

Bias crimes have a higher degree of

emotional and physical trauma to the victims.

What are the 3 aspects of survival?

emotional, mental, physical

Disjointed conversation is behavior associated with person who is

emotionally unstable

Writ of Restitution

enforce a judgment to recover the possession of land.

What does the ATF offer in terms of organized crime?

enforcement powers over certain weapons, explosives and prohibited possessors at the federal level. They regulate the sale and transfer of weapons in the United States.

Police catching and arresting a burglary in progress is an example of

enforcing the law

What does the FBI offer in regard to organized crime?

enormous resources that can be relied on to gain information on organized crime families across the nation. The local office has a section dedicated to traditional "O/C" members. NGIC - National Gang Intelligence Center

Aggravated Assault - Private Home

entering the private home of another with the intent to commit the assault

Burglary 3rd Degree

entering, or remaining unlawfully in or on, A NON- RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURE or in a FENCED COMMERCIAL OR RESIDENTIAL YARD with the intent to commit ANY THEFT OR ANY FELONY THEREIN

Burglary 2nd Degree

entering, or remaining unlawfully in or on, a residential structure with the intent to commit any theft or any felony therein

Enter or remain unlawfully

enters or remains on the premises when such person's intent for so entering or remaining is not licensed, authorized or otherwise privileged

Trigger points are

events that cause a community crisis

Real or physical Evidence

evidence furnished by things themselves by view or inspection (as opposed to a description of them by a witness)

Testimonial Evidence

evidence given in an oral form, usually under oath, in a judicial setting.

Relevance

evidence having any tendency to make the existence of any material fact more or less probable than it would be without such evidence

Exclusionary rule

evidence illegally obtained cannot be used at trial

Demonstrative Evidence

evidence revealed by exhibitory samples

Exculpatory Evidence

evidence that tends to prove the innocence of the suspect/defendant.

Fruit of the poisonous tree

evidence which flows from illegally obtained evidence may not be used at trial (another exclusionary rule doctrine).

Possess (Definitions)

exercise dominion or control over property.

Indecent Exposure

exposes his/her genitals or anus or she exposes the areola or nipple of her breast(s) AND another person is present AND the defendant is reckless about whether such other person, as a reasonable person, would be offended or alarmed by the act

Hazard Class 7 - Radioactives - Concerns

external and internal tissue damage contamination from smoke steam run-off fire may damage lead shielding

What is the drag factor equation?

f=(mu)n+/-m

In the course of committing (Robbery Definition)

includes any of the defendant's acts beginning with the initiation and extending through flight from a robbery.

Circumstantial Evidence

facts inferred from circumstances

Negligent Homicide

failed to perceive a substantial risk that death is likely to result from his/her activity

Criminal Negligence (Definitions)

fails to perceive a substantial and unjustifiable risk

Theft - "Finders Keepers"

failure to notify the rightful owner or appropriate law enforcement agency that valuable property has been found Comes into control of lost, mislaid or mis-delivered property of another under circumstances providing means of inquiry as to the true owner and appro-priates such property to his/her own or another's use without reasonable efforts to notify the true owner.

Omission (Definitions)

failure to perform an act as to which a duty of performance is imposed by law.

When pulling over a larger vehicle keep your patrol vehicle

farther away so you can see all exits of the vehicle

What are the 2 main evidence gathering tasks of phase 3?

field sobriety testing preliminary breath testing

4 criminal deaths

first- or second-degree murder, man- slaughter or negligent homicide.

Homicide (Definitions)

first- or second-degree murder, man- slaughter or negligent homicide.

Community policing is not a program just for

foot patrol, bicycle, or single youth programs

In traditional policing we do it ____ the community

for

Physical Force (Definitions)

force used upon or directed toward the body of another person and includes confinement

The alkaloid codeine is

found in raw opium, but usually made from morphine

Litter

includes any rubbish, refuse, waste material, etc., including dead animals and junked or abandoned motor vehicles.

During initial interview with victim, you should

get a thorough description of the suspect and broadcast it to other units

When handling bio evidence always wear, at minimum,

gloves

The 14th Amendment of the United States Constitution

guarantees due process and equal protection to all citizens.

Clothing with blood

hang up or lay out to dry.

contemporaneous

happening at or around the same time

Stolen property

has been the subject of any unlawful taking

Your sergeant may use reports to

help evaluate how we work

2nd degree murder - recklessly

homicide committed with extreme indifference to human life.

Manners of death

homicide, suicide, accidental, natural, undetermined

Warrantless Search and Seizures - Vehicle Stops - During a traffic stop an officer may:

i. Immediately demand driver's license and vehicle registration. AZ v. Paredes ii. Run warrants check on driver. iii. Run warrants checks on passengers. AZ v. Ybarra iv. Look for VIN. v. Can ask for consent to search vehicle. Officers do not have to advise that the subject is free to go before asking for consent, but doing so does add credibility to the consent.

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Conflicting Consent - Examples of Joint Ownership

i. Landlord/tenant. ii. Husband/wife. iii. Consent by parent(s) - (age/rent/control of room issues). iv. Roommates - common areas.

What are some police interactions where trafficking victims may be found?

i. Traffic Stops ii. Collision Investigations iii. Commercial Vehicle Inspections iv. Truck Stops v. Border Checkpoints vi. Ports of Entry vii. Whisper Stops viii. Search Warrants ix. Motorist Assists x. Concerned Citizen Reports

Theft - Routine Theft Elements

i. An unauthorized exercise of control over. ii. Property in which another has claim to with. iii. The intent to deprive the rightful possessor of possession.

What are methods for a patrol officer to record gang related information?

i. Documented in field interview cards. (FI cards) ii. Documented in criminal reports. iii. Documented in gang intelligence forms. (GMIC)

Theft - Fraud Elements

i. The deceit must be "material" to constitute the offense, in the sense that it must be a significant factor in the transaction. ii. It must involve falsehood. iii. Mere boasting, ordinary advertising or sales puffing that would not deceive the ordinary customer does not constitute "material" mis-representation

ESCAPE IN THE SECOND (2ND) DEGREE

if (having been arrested for, charged with or found guilty of a felony) such person knowingly escapes or attempts to escape from custody.

Escape in the 3rd degree

if (having been arrested for, charged with or found guilty of a misdemeanor or petty offense) such person knowingly escapes or attempts to escape from custody.

Willits instruction

if the state destroys or loses evidence in a criminal case, the defense is entitled to have a jury instruction that tells the jury that the evidence may be considered favorable to the defense

Sexual Conduct Defenses - Age Unknown

incapacity to consent because the victim was 15, 16 or 17 years of age; if at the time the defendant engaged in the conduct constituting the offense the defendant did not know, and could not reasonably have known, the age of the victim.

Curtilage

immediate area surrounding a home, entitled to full 4th amendment protection.

Consumption of alcohol does not automatically =

impairment

Physical Injury (Definitions)

impairment of physical condition.

Where should ammunition be stored when doing dry fire practice?

in a separate room

Aggravated Robbery

in the course of committing the robbery, such person is aided by one (1) or more accomplices actually present.

What does Civil Litigation enable?

individuals to resolve non-criminal disputes in a civilized manner.

What is a "Rap sheet?"

info concerning a suspect's arrest record

FI cards are for

informal information gathering

Hazard Class 6 - Poisons - Concerns

inhalation absorption ingestion may be flammable contamination of water table

What are the phase 1 tasks?

initial observation stopping sequence

Serious physical injury (Definitions)

injury that creates a reasonable risk of death, or that causes serious and permanent disfigurement, serious impairment of health or loss or protracted impairment of the function of any bodily organ or limb.

UNLAWFUL USE OF SLUGS

inserts, deposits or otherwise uses a slug in such machine; or 2. Such person makes, possesses, offers for sale or disposes of a slug with intent to enable a person to use it fraudulently in a coin machine.

what are the 2 phases of the one-leg stand?

instruction phase counting + balancing

Public Sexual Indecency

intentionally or knowingly engaging in a sexual act and is reckless about whether such other person, as a reasonable person, would be offended or alarmed by it

Molestation of a Child

intentionally or knowingly engaging in, or causing a person to engage in, sexual contact, except sexual contact with the female breast with a child under 15 years of age TOUCHING ONLY

Aiming a laser pointer at a peace officer

intentionally or knowingly directs the beam of light from an operating laser pointer at another person and knows, or reasonably should know, that the other person is a peace officer

Sexual Abuse

intentionally or knowingly engaging in sexual contact with any person 15 years of age or older WITHOUT CONSENT of that person or with any person under 15 years of age if the sexual contact involves only the female breast

Burning of Wildlands

intentionally, knowingly, recklessly or with criminal negligence to set or cause to be set on fire any wildland other than the person's own or permit a fire that was set or caused to be set by the person to pass from the person's own grounds to the grounds of another person

What are the 2 tasks of Phase 2?

interview/observation of the driver observation of the exit

Knowingly (Definitions)

is aware or believes that the person's conduct is of that nature or that the circumstance exists.

An officer that improperly fires his weapon _____ _____ for criminal/civil charges

is liable

Morphine is obtained from opium through a process which

isolates the principal opium alkaloid

U.S. v. Dunn

issues/expectation of privacy/use of flashlight.

Why don't the police release certain types of evidence to the public?

it can jeopardize the investigation and/or prejudice the rights of the suspect/arrestee.

The officer's _____, particularly with regard to the use of force, affects our image

judgment

What does the DEA offer in terms of organized crime?

jurisdiction over drugs in the United States, both legal and illegal. Frequently works with local police agencies on drug investigations and provides money, manpower and equipment.

74% of murdered kidnapped children are

killed within 3 hours

Voluntary intoxication (Definitions)

knowing use of drugs, toxic vapors or intoxicating liquors by a person

Theft - Culpable Mindset

knowingly

Arson of an Occupied Structure

knowingly and unlawfully damaging an occupied structure by knowingly causing a fire or explosion.

Arson of a Structure or Property

knowingly and unlawfully damaging a structure or property by knowingly causing a fire or explosion

Access Interference

knowingly engages in a pattern of behavior that prevents, obstructs, or frustrates the access rights of a person who is entitled to access to a child pursuant to a court order

Unlawful Imprisonment

knowingly restraining another person

Aggravated Assault - Peace Officer's weapon

knowingly takes or attempts to exercise control over a peace officer's firearm, weapons, or any other implement

Bias Incidents

lack the criminal elements

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Plain View Doctrine Key Points

lawful presence and probable cause to believe item to be seized constitutes evidence or contraband. AZ v. Hicks

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Emergency/Exigent Circumstances - Emergency - Facts Required

lead a reasonable police officer to conclude that the emergency does exist

What is done during the analysis phase?

learn about and verify the problem and identify the cause

Paradigms are the ____ from which we view the world

lens

What should be done if a bomb threat is received?

maintain contact with dispatch, send updates

exclusionary rule, 2nd purpose

maintain dignity and integrity of the courts by keeping tainted evidence out of the courtroom

What is done during the scanning phase?

look for patterns or persistent problems in your beat

Verbal/nonverbal violence indicators

loud voice and hyperventilation

When speaking with a victim it is important to not

make promises you can't keep

Draw

making, drawing, uttering, preparing, writing or delivering a check.

Sexual Assault of a Spouse

marital status of the parties is no longer relevant under Arizona law

Service of Warrant - Items in "Plain View"

may be seized based on probable cause even if an item was not enumerated in the warrant (contraband)

Important for officers to bear in mind that suicidal person

may pose a threat to the officers

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Search incident to arrest - Permissible Scope

may search the arrestee and the area under his/her immediate control for weapons, fruits of the crime and evidence of the crime and any areas immediately adjacent from which an attack could be launched; additionally any other areas of the home for which there is reasonable suspicion to believe a suspect is present. Maryland v. Buie

Improvised explosive device

means a device that incorporates explosives or destructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic or incendiary chemicals and that is designed to destroy, disfigure, terrify or harass.

Spouse

means a person who is legally married to, and living with, another person (MUST BE LIVING TOGETHER)

Official proceeding

means a proceeding heard before any legislative, judicial, administrative or other govern- mental agency or official authorized to hear evidence under oath.

Re-encoder

means an electronic device that places encoded information from the magnetic strip or stripe of a credit card onto the magnetic strip or stripe of a different credit card

Tamper

means any act of interference

Physical evidence

means any article, object, document, record or other thing of physical substance.

Occupied structure

means any building, object, vehicle watercraft, aircraft or place with sides and a floor, separately securable from any other structure attached to it and used for lodging, business, transportation, recreation or storage in which one (1) or more human beings either is, or is likely to be, present or so near as to be in equivalent danger at the time the discharge of a firearm occurs. This term includes any dwelling house whether occupied, unoccupied or vacant.

Sexual contact

means any direct or indirect fondling or manipulating of any part of the genitals, anus or female breast by any part of the body, or by any object or causing a person to engage in such contact.

Explosive

means any dynamite, nitroglycerine, black powder or other similar explosive material including plastic explosives, but does not mean or include ammunition or ammunition components such as primers, percussion caps, smokeless powder, black powder and black powder substitutes used for hand loading purposes.

Utility

means any enterprise, public or private, that provides gas, electric, irrigation, steam, water, water conservation, sewer or communications services as well as any common carrier on land, rail, sea or air

Firearm (Definitions)

means any loaded or unloaded handgun, pistol, revolver, rifle, shotgun or other weapon that will or is designed to or may readily be converted to expel a projectile by the action of expanding gases

Firearm

means any loaded or unloaded pistol, revolver, rifle, shotgun or other weapon which will or is designed to or may readily be converted to expel a projectile by the action of an explosive, except that it does not include a firearm in permanently inoperable condition.

Prohibited possessor

means any person: 1. Who has been found to constitute a danger to him- self/herself or to others or to be persistently or acutely disable or gravely disable pursuant to court order under A.R.S. § 36-540 and whose right to possess a firearm has not been restored pursuant to A.R.S. § 13-925 2. Who has been convicted within, or outside of, this state of a felony or who had been adjudicated delinquent for a felony and whose civil rights to possess or carry have not been restored 3. Who is, at the time of possession, serving a term of imprisonment in any correctional or detention facility or a person who is on probation for a domestic violence offense, a felony, or under community supervision. 4. Who is an undocumented alien or a nonimmigrant alien traveling with or without documentation in this state for business or pleasure or who is studying in this state and who maintains a foreign residence abroad. This subdivision does not apply to: a. Nonimmigrant aliens who possess a valid hunting license or permit that is lawfully issued by a state in the United States. 5. Incompetent

Force (Robbery Definition)

means any physical act directed against a person as a means of gaining control of property

Correctional facility

means any place used for the confinement or control of a person: 1. Charged with or convicted of an offense; or 2. Held for extradition; or 3. Pursuant to an order of the court for law enforcement purposes

Means of transportation

means any vehicle

Deadly weapon

means anything designed for lethal use. The term includes firearms.

Escape

means departure from custody or a correctional facility with knowledge that such departure is unpermitted or failure to return to custody or detention following a temporary leave granted for a specific purpose or for a limited period.

Sexual intercourse

means penetration into the penis, vulva or anus by any part, by any object or manual masturbatory contact with the penis or vulva

Property of another

means property in which any person other than the defendant has an interest, including com- munity property and other property in which the defendant also has an interest and, for damage caused by theft of scrap metal, the property of other persons damaged directly or indirectly as a result of the acts of the defendant

Property of another (Robbery Definition)

means property in which any person, other than the defendant, has an interest in which the defendant is not privileged to infringe.

Value

means the fair market value of the property or services at the time of the theft.

Entry

means the intrusion of any part of any instrument or any part of a person's body inside the external boundaries of a structure or unit of real property

falsely make a written instrument

means to make or draw a complete or incomplete written instrument which purports to be an authentic creation of its ostensible maker, but which is not either because the ostensible maker is fictitious or because, if real, he/she did not authorize the making or drawing of such written instrument

Deface

means to remove, alter or destroy the manufac- turer's serial number.

falsely complete a written instrument

means to transform an incomplete written instrument into a complete one by adding, inserting or changing matter without the permission of anyone entitled to grant it so that the com-plete written instrument falsely appears, or purports to be, in all respects an authentic creation of its ostensible maker or authorized by him/her

What does MO stand for?

modus operandi

The more serious the collision the ___

more info, measurements, photographs should be taken

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Vehicle type

motor vehicles, buses, watercraft or aircraft.

For potentially dangerous crowds, first

move to a safe position away from the crowd and monitor the size, age, weaponry, and criminal acts

Manslaughter - Instead of 2nd Degree murder

murder after a sudden quarrel or heat of passion resulting from adequate provocation by the victim

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Search incident to arrest - Court Reasoning

necessary to protect the arresting officer and avoid destruction of evidence by the arrested person.

Why are searches incident to custodial arrest approved?

necessary to protect the arresting officer and avoid disruption of evidence by the arrested person.

Heroine paraphernalia includes:

needles, spoon, cotton ball

If the victim is murdered the next of kin

needs to be notified and given victims rights

When providing crowd control officers must remain ____

neutral

____ transport people in the front seat of the patrol vehicle

never

Does supporting a declarant in the hearsay rule make sense?

The value of a car has ___ bearing on victim's rights

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

pplied the *exclusionary rule* to the states (evidence seized illegally cannot be used in court). Incorporated the 4th amendment.

Canceled or revoked credit card

no longer valid because permission to use it has been suspended, revoked or terminated by the issuer by written notice sent by certified or registered mail addressed to the person to whom the card was issued at his/her last known address

Who can assist in the service of a search warrant?

non-sworn personnel so long as their participation is reasonably related to a law enforcement purpose

Crack Cocaine is ____ water soluble

not

Part of preserving crime scene of sexual assault is

not allowing the victim to shower or drink anything

Sexual Conduct Defenses - Parental Duties

not motivated by a sexual interest (baths, changing diapers, etc.)

Cocaine smells like

nothing, however it can take on smells depending on the cutting agent

THC is found in marijuana and

nowhere else in nature

Traditional policing is _______ driven

numbers and incident driven

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Emergency/Exigent Circumstances - Emergency - After Emergency is resolved

obtain consent or warrant. Mincey v. Arizona

If detective will be responding to the scene

obtain only enough information to complete documentation and establish the elements

AZ v. Mincey

there is no crime scene exception to the search warrant requirement Once emergency is removed, a warrant is necessary.

THEFT OF A CREDIT CARD OR OBTAINING A CREDIT CARD BY FRAUDULENT MEANS

obtaining a credit card by fraudulent means if the person: 1. Controls a credit card without the card holder's or issuer's consent through conduct of theft or theft by extortion; or 2. Sells, transfers or conveys a credit card with the intent to defraud; or 3. With intent to defraud, obtain possession, care, custody or control over a credit card as security for debt.

OBTAINING A SIGNATURE BY DECEPTION

obtains the signature of another person to a written instrument by knowingly misrepresenting or omitting any fact material to the instrument or transaction

Marijuana leaves grow in _____ numbers

odd

Petty Offense (Definitions)

offense for which a sentence of a fine only is authorized by law.

Misdemeanor (Definitions)

offense for which a sentence to a term of imprisonment other than to the custody of the state department of corrections is authorized by any law of this state.

if there is probable cause to believe domestic violence has occurred

officers shall arrest

Expired credit card

one which is no longer valid because the term shown on the card has elapsed.

What is the purpose of the implied consent law?

operating a vehicle gives consent to a chemical test to determine alcohol/drug content when arrested

If a subject appears to be "on the nod" they are likely using

opiates or heroine

Oral sexual contact

oral contact with the penis, vulva or anus

Arguing with a supervisor about a discipline given over a pursuit related incident leads to a suspension without pay, this is from _____

over confidence

Relative (Definitions)

parent or step-parent, ancestor, descendant, sibling, uncle or aunt, an adoptive relative of the same degree through marriage or adoption, or a spouse

Incomplete credit card

part of the matter which the issuer requires to appear before the card can be used, has not been stamped, embossed, imprinted or written.

Dealing with a hearing impaired person, what can you use?

pencil and pad

While driving, what should remain constant

perception/reaction time

Emergency petition may be obtained if danger to themselves/others or

person is gravely disabled

What is phase 2 of DUI detection?

personal contact

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Inventory search of person

personal property of subject taken into custody can/should be inventoried to protect the officer from allegations of theft and to safeguard the owner's property.

Inventory search of person

personal property of subject taken into custody can/should be inventoried to protect the officer from allegations of theft and to safeguard the owner's property

Search (Definition)

physically intruding upon persons, houses, papers or effects for the purpose of obtaining information. or A governmental violation of a person's reasonable expectation of privacy US v Jones, Fla v Jardines

Sometimes the victim doesn't want an arrest, they just want

police to stop the violence

Posession of Burglary Tools

possessing any explosive, tool, instrument or other article adapted or commonly used for committing any form of burglary as defined in the burglary statutes and intending to use, or permit the use of, such an item in the commission of a burglary

Cocaine aka

powder, white, blow

What is phase 3 of DUI detection?

pre-arrest screening

Rules of Evidence

preventing the introduction of evidence that is irrelevant or unreliable, unfairly prejudicial or unduly time consuming to present

Police patrolling a known high crime area is an example of

preventing crime

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Search incident to arrest - Chimel v California

prior to this case, search of an entire home incident to arrest was lawful; however, this defined the requirements and narrowed the scope.

DUI applies to vehicles both on the roadway and on _____

private property

Community policing is a philosophy that permeates the agency and the _____

proactive community

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Vehicle

probable cause exists that evidence or contraband is contained within (enough for a search warrant) Carroll v. U.S

While driving in a pursuit or in a code 3 situation, an officer must have the ______ attitude

proper

AZ v. Flannigan

prosecution has burden to prove consent for blood draw; acquiescence is insufficient

What is the advantage of foot patrol?

provides closer contact with the public

What type of approach for a suspicious vehicle in a park?

quick, silent approach

How ____ we respond to calls, affects our image

quickly

The acid from cocaine eating away at the septum of the nose is called

rat nose

Reckless Burning

recklessly causing a fire or explosion which results in damage to an occupied structure, a structure, property or wild lands

Witness statements in a 1 on 1 should be

recorded verbatim in the report

Indicators of confrontational/hostile person

red, flushed face

In traditional policing law enforcement is _____ to share information with the community

reluctant

When dealing with a mentally ill individual it is important to

remain calm and non-confrontational

Community policing is not a program to ______ traditional policing activities

replace

A follow up officer may use a ____ to get information about a prior call

report

What is a simple divided attention test that can be dine during phase 2?

request license, registration, and insurance simultaneously

Civil (42 U.S.C. §1983)

requires states to provide equal protection and due process to all their citizens and establishes liability for failure to do so.

Probable Cause to obtain a search warrant

requires that enough credible information exists to make it reasonable to believe that the contraband, or evidence to be searched for, is located in the place to be searched.

Hash is the

resinous secretion from marijuana

What is the equation for combining speeds?

s= square root of (s1*2+s2*2+s3*2)

What is the equation for skid speed?

s= square root of 30df

Punishment for offenses committed in a school safety zone

same class as regular crime, may carry more time

SARA model

scanning analysis response assessment

The majority of DUI evidence is _____ in nature

sensory

Felony (Definitions)

sentence to a term of imprisonment in the custody of the state department of corrections

Community engagement principals: there must be _____ responsibility

shared

Maintains file of petitions served and results of those services

sheriff's office

Community policing goals can be ____ term

short and long term

Heroine withdrawal symptoms are

similar to flu symptoms. Cramps, nausea

If using a citizen give ____ instructions

simple and specific

Community policing is not ______ initiating block watch programs

simply

Community engagement principals: Communication must be _____

sincere and honest

Clues you might hear in phase 2 are?

slurring thick speech admission

Trigger points: may seem ____ in scope, but the reaction may be ______

small harsh

When updating a victim about the accused it should be done in

small bits so they understand what's going on, it's more important to relate with them

Marijuana is usually used this way

smoked

Community policing is not _____ on crime

soft

Traditional policing is when the shift is over it is ____ problem

someone else's

What is a fact?

something that can be proven

Community policing is not a _____ unit

specialty

Photos and sketches should start general and move toward _____

specific

2nd degree murder - knowingly

specific conduct that the defendant should have known was such that could cause death or serious physical injury and that it does, in fact, cause death.

When providing safe passage for emergency vehicles

stop all traffic

Community policing is thinking _____ and acting ______

strategically preventatively

Community partnerships: _______ organizational support

strengthen

What type of search involves lining up in a straight line and slowly moving forward?

strip/grid search

PCP has a ___ odor

strong ether

Endangerment - Misdemeanor

substantial risk of PHYSICAL INJURY

Endangerment - Felony

substantial risk of DEATH

Endangerment

substantial risk of IMMINENT DEATH OR PHYSICAL INJURY

During the response phase you must define ____

success

What is presumed with a BAC of .05 but less than .08?

such fact shall not give rise to any presumption that the defendant was, or was not, under the influence of intoxicating liquor.

PCP can give

superhuman strength and numbness to pain

What does the contact officer do?

talking, writing, warrant checks, etc

Writ of General Execution

taking custody of a sufficient amount of the defendant's property to be sold at auction to satisfy the judgement

2nd degree murder - Intentional

taking of another human life without premeditation.

Courts role in Writ of Attachment and Replevin?

taking or seizing property to bring it under control of the court prior to final judgment in the case

As the responding officer to a local merchant regarding a bad check incident, you should

tell the merchant to contact the county attorney office.

What is the synopsis?

tells what the report is about

Probative Value

tendency of the evidence to establish the proposition that it is offered to prove

Inculpatory evidence

tends to prove the guilt of the suspect/defendant.

What does an Arrest Warrant command?

that the accused be brought to the issuing magistrate's court or the nearest or most accessible court in the same county

IMPERSONATING A PEACE OFFICER

the person: 1. Without lawful authority, 2. Pretends to be a peace officer, and 3. Engages in any conduct. 4. With the intent to induce another to submit to his pretended authority or to rely upon the person's pretended acts.

Sexual Conduct Defenses - Medical

the act was done in furtherance of lawful medical practice or act was done by a duly licensed physician or registered nurse or a person who renders emergency care at the scene of an emergency occurrence and consisted of administering a recognized and lawful form of treatment which was reasonably adapted to promoting the physical or mental health of the patient

Discrimination is

the behavior

If a mentally ill person has injuries where do you take them

the closest hospital

Rohypnol is known as

the date rape drug. Roofies, and wallbangers. Popular with rave parties

The main effect of hallucinogens is

the distortion of perception of reality, large doses can produce hallucinations

Theft - Embezzlement

the diversion of property or services to uses or terms not intended by the trustee -or- Converts for an unauthorized term or uses services or the property of another entrusted to the defendant or placed in the defendant's possession for a limited, authorized term or use.

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Search incident to arrest - Motor Vehicle Search Scope

the entire passenger compartment and may include glove box and console, but not the trunk New York v. Belton

DUI detection is defined as

the entire process of identifying and gathering evidence to determine if a suspect should be arrested for DUI

Curtilage (Definition)

the immediate area surrounding the home and is entitled to full 4th Amendment protection. Oliver v. U.S.

Custody

the imposition of actual or constructive restraint pursuant to an on-site arrest or court order but does not include detention in a correctional facility, juvenile detention center or state hospital

Who signs an Arrest Warrant?

the issuing Magistrate or Judge

If officer has to serve court order petition and wants to research, should check all except

the judge issuing the petition

The more times the cycle of violence completes

the less time and more severe it takes/becomes

What is the advantage of motorized patrol?

the most economical method

Custodial Interferrence - Child born out of wedlock

the mother is the legal custodian of the child for the purposes of this section until paternity is established and custody is determined by the court.

Referral services

there are a multitude of referral services in Arizona that may be used in lieu of an arrest.

If someone invokes their right to an attorney they can't be re-approached unless

there is a break in custody lasting at least 14 days.

Sexual Conduct Defenses - Spouse

the person was the spouse of the other person at the time of the commission of the act

Privileges

the protection of interest and relationships that, rightly or wrongly, are regarded of sufficient social importance to justify some sacrifice of availability of evidence relevant to the administration of justice. Can't be used in court

When approaching a hit and run location be on the look out for

the run vehicle

rigor mortis

the stiffening of the body after death

If an arrest in made for a DV situation notify

the victim and, later, write it in the report

If the wife and beneficiary are different

the wife still is notified and given victim's rights

Referral Services

there are a multitude of referral services in Arizona that may be used in lieu of an arrest.

Writ of Special Execution

to seize a specific item and return it to the entitled party or sell it per the order.

Control

to act so as to exclude others from using their property except on the defendant's own terms.

falsely alter a written instrument

to change, (without the permission of anyone entitled to grant it) a written instrument (whether complete or not) by means of erasure, obliteration, deletion, insertion of new matter, transportation of matter or in any other manner so that the altered instrument falsely appears, or purports to be, in all respects an authentic creation of its ostensible maker or authorized by him/her.

Issue

to deliver, or cause to be delivered, a check to a person who thereby acquires a right against the drawer with respect to the check

Why should 1 person describe the chain of custody?

to eliminate possibility of conflicting descriptions

Signed by President Bush in 1990 the hate crime Statistics act was intended

to record statistical data used to confront hate crimes.

Restrain

to restrict a person's movements without consent, without legal authority and in a manner which interferes substantially with such person's liberty, by either moving such person from one (1) place to another or by confining such person

Traffic

to sell, transfer, distribute, dispense or otherwise dispose of stolen property to another person or to buy, receive, possess or obtain control of stolen property with the intent to sell, transfer, distribute or otherwise dispose of to another person.

Deprive

to withhold the property interest of another either permanently or for so long a time period that a substantial portion of its economic value or usefulness or enjoyment is lost, or to withhold it with the intent to restore it only upon payment of reward or other compensation or to transfer or dispose of it so that it is unlikely to be recovered.

What needs to be excluded from foot/tire impression evidence?

tracks made by the person that discovered the crime

What should take priority over incarceration of mentally ill

treatment

Community partnerships: Increase _____ and _______ between community and the police

trust understanding

If dealing with suicidal person in a n apartment with a weapon, set up perimeter and

try to negotiate subject out of the apartment

Riot

two (2) or more other persons acting together, such person recklessly uses force or violence (or threatens to use force or violence) if such threat is accompanied by immediate power of execution, which disturbs the public peace.

The hate crimes statistic act mandated the US attorney general to establish and collect data under the

uniform crime reporting program.

AZ v. Branham

unlawful to search car for registration merely because driver could not produce registration952

REFUSING TO AID A POLICE OFFICER

upon a reasonable command by a person reasonably known to be a peace officer, such person knowingly refuses or fails to aid such peace officer in: 1. Effecting or securing an arrest; or 2. Preventing the commission by another of any offense.

When transporting a suicidal person

use adequate and reasonable restraints

Long after hallucinogens are eliminated from the body

users may experience flashbacks, the reason is unknown

PCP is usually in ___ form

usually liquid

Driving a car until it breaks is an example of abusing

vehicle capabilites

What is phase 1 of DUI detection?

vehicle in motion

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement - Inventory of vehicle

vehicle is lawfully taken into custody and Inventory is done with the intent to protect the owner's property and/or the officer from allegations of theft. Agency Policy must be followed Colorado v. Bertine

____ should have dotted lines at point of impact and solid lines at point of rest

vehicles

Threat (Robbery Definition)

verbal or physical menace of imminent physical injury to a person. III.

What is the purpose of the preliminary breath test?

verify presence of alcohol on the breath

Standardized signals and gestures are ____

very important

Sexual Conduct Defenses - High School

victim is of the age of 15, 16 or 17, the defendant is less than 19 years of age or attending high school and is no more than 24 months older than the victim and the conduct is consensual

Mediation

victim-witness may be used as a mediation tool or the officer may act as the mediator himself/herself.

Heroine smells like

vinegar

Bias crimes are uniquely

violent and assaultive.

What are some driving behaviors associated with impaired drivers?

weaving drifting slow speed varying speed

What is the +1 theory

where there is 1, there is 2

Shoplifting

while in an establishment in which merchandise is displayed for sale, such person knowingly obtains such goods of another with the intent to deprive him/her of such goods

Paradigms are

widely agreed-upon patterns or assumptions that form the basis of our actions and decisions

DISORDERLY CONDUCT

with intent to disturb the peace or quiet of a neighborhood, family or person, or with knowledge of doing so, such person: 1. Engages in fighting or violent or seriously disruptive behavior; or 2. Makes an unreasonable noise; or 3. Uses abusive or offensive language or gestures to any person present in a manner likely to provoke immediate physical retaliation by such person; or 4. Makes any protracted commotion, utterance or display with the intent to prevent the transaction of the business of a lawful meeting, gathering or procession; or 5. Refuses to obey a lawful order to disperse issued to maintain public safety in dangerous proximity to a fire, hazard or other emergency; or 6. Recklessly handles, displays or discharges a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument.

Can information gained while field interviewing a suspected or known gang member be used to monitor gang activity?

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