Ch. 1 & 2 Major Themes of Anatomy and Physiology

Which is the smallest particle with a unique chemical identity?

Atom

Which of the following is an example of a physiological negative feedback mechanism?

Body temperature

what is an example of a physiological negative feedback mechanism?

Body temperature

Which is an example of a class of tissue?

Connective

What is the process of transforming a cell with no specialized function into a cell with a specialized function called?

Differentiation

What is the cell or organ that directly carries out a response to a stimulus called?

Effector

What is the ability of nerve and muscle cells to produce quick reactions called?

Excitability

Which of the following are examples of a positive feedback mechanism?

Formation of a blood clot Contractions during childbirth

What type of anatomy focuses on body structures that can be observed without magnification?

Gross

What is an increase in the size of a cell or organism called?

Growth

The study of tissue specimens is called?

Histology

Which part of a feedback mechanism processes information, relates it to other information, and makes a decision of action?

Integrating center

Macromolecules are?

Large molecules.

Proteins and DNA are?

Macromolecules

Which is an example of an organelle?

Mitochondria

what is made by joining two or more different atoms together?

Molecule

When some bodily changes are detected, responses are activated that reverse the change, restoring stability and preserving normal body function. This would be an example of what type of feedback?

Negative

What is an anatomical structure that is composed of at least two different tissue types, has recognizable structural boundaries, and has a discrete function different from the structures around it called?

Organ

Which of the following describes a single complete individual?

Organism

The study of function is called

Physiology

Which structure encloses a human cell and controls the traffic of molecules in and out of the cell?

Plasma membrane

What type of feedback is a self-amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to an even greater change in the same direction?

Positive

Which of the following describes the integration center of a feedback mechanism?

Processes information, relates it to other information, and makes a decision of what a response should be

What is a cell or organ that is specialized to detect a stimulus called?

Receptor

Changes in the environment, to which organisms respond, are called what?

Stimuli

What is gross anatomy?

The study of body structures that can be observed without magnification

Students are studying the shape, size, and parts of the heart. They are studying the ______ of the heart.

anatomy

The levels of structural hierarchy in the body in order of complexity, from the smallest/simplest at the top to the largest/most complex at the bottom. Instructions

atom cell tissue organ organ system organism

Dynamic equilibrium is ______.

balanced change

The receptors located in the heart, aortic arch, and carotid sinuses that trigger autonomic reflexes in response to fluctuations in blood pressure are known as?

baroreceptors

Physiology is the study of_____?

body functions

An effector ______.

carries out corrective behavior

The smallest unit of an organism that carries out all the basic functions of life is called a(n)

cell

What is the smallest unit of an organism that can carry out all the functions of life?

cell

An organism is a ______.

complete individual

An organism is a?

complete individual

A receptor is a structure that?

detects a change

The internal state of the body is best described as a(n) ____equilibrium, where there is a set average point and conditions fluctuate around that point.

dynamic

A structure that carries out a response to a stimulus is called a(n)

effector

A structure that carries out a response to a stimulus is called a(n)?

effector

Responsiveness is also known as?

excitability

A tissue is more complex than an organ. true or false?

false

Students are looking at major arteries and veins on the surface of the heart, which does not require a microscope. They are studying the Blank______ of the heart.

gross anatomy

Students are looking at major arteries and veins on the surface of the heart, which does not require a microscope. They are studying the ______ of the heart.

gross anatomy

An increase in size of an organism is called?

growth

A molecule of large size and high molecular weight, such as a protein, is called a(n)

macromolecule

Proteins and DNA are which of the following?

macromolecules

Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to ______.

maintain a stable internal environment

Histology is also called _____?

microscopic anatomy

A structure that is made up of two or more atoms is called a(n)

molecule

Organelles are composed of ______.

molecules

Blood pressure is controlled by a ____feedback mechanism.

negative

Blood pressure is controlled by a feedback mechanism.

negative

The pancreas is an example of a(n) Blank______.

organ

The urinary system is an example of a(n) ______.

organ system

A single complete individual capable of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, and maintenance of homeostasis is termed a living?

organism

Students are studying how the heart pumps blood through the body, which is its major function. They are studying the ______ of the heart.

physiology

The study of function is called?

physiology

Contractions during childbirth is an example of a _____feedback mechanism.

positive

Baroreceptors detect changes in?

pressure

An integrating center?

processes information

An aggregation of cells and extracellular materials, which perform a discrete function, is known as a(n)

tissue

An organelle is best described as?

A microscopic structure in a cell that carries out individual function

An organ is best described as which of the following?

A structure composed of at least two different tissues, with recognizable boundaries, and with a discrete function