Ch 1: Information Systems an overview
User interface
(information) Must be flexible and easy to use Graphical user interfaces (GUIs)
Information Technologies
Achieve goals of information systems
What is an information system?
An integrated human-machine system that combines hardware, software, databases, and telecommunications networks. It collects and processes data into information used for decision making at all levels of the organization. ex: a university, teletech
BI
Business intelligence
What does an IS do?
Collects, processes, stores and distributes information / Captures, stores, retrieves, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization
Major Components of an IS
Data, database, process, and information
DBMS
Database Management System ex. Oracle
Logistics information system (LIS)
Designed to reduce the cost of transporting materials Maintains safe and reliable delivery
Porter's 5 forces
For analyzing an organization, its position in the marketplace, and how information systems could be used to make it more competitive Buyer power Supplier power Threat of substitute products or services Threat of new entrants Rivalry among existing competitors
Ultimate goal of an information system
Generate business intelligence (BI)
Process
Generates the most useful type of information for decision making: Generally includes transaction-processing reports and models for decision analysis Includes a wide range of models to support all levels of decision making
GUI
Graphical User Interface
Database
Heart of an information system: Collection of all relevant data organized in a series of integrated files Essential for the success of any information system Managed with database management system (DBMS): e.g., Oracle Reduces personnel time needed to gather, process, and interpret data manually
Supplier power
High when customers have fewer options Low when customers have more options Use information systems to make their products and services cheaper
Buyer power
High when customers have many choices Low when they have few choices Limit buyers' choices by offering services that make it difficult for customers to switch
Threat of substitute products or services
High when many alternatives for an organization's products or services available Add services to make organization more distinct Add fees to discourage customers from switching
Rivalry among existing competitors
High when many competitors occupy the same marketplace position Low when there are few competitors
Information System (IS) vs Information Technology (IT)
IS is all the components and resources necessary to deliver information and functions to the organization IT is hardware, software, networking and data management
Marketing information system (MKIS)
Improve marketing decisions Provide timely, accurate, and integrated information about the marketing mix
examples of IT
Internet Databases POS Systems RFID tags
Main difference between an intranet and the Internet
Intranets are private and the Internet is public
What is a system?
Is a set of interrelated components, With a clearly defined boundary, Working together to achieve a common set of objectives
Threat of new entrants
Low when duplicating a company's product or service is difficult Use focus strategies to ensure that this threat remains low
MIS
Management Information System
Manufacturing information system (MFIS)
Manages manufacturing resources Companies can reduce manufacturing costs, increase product quality, and improve inventory decisions
Information
Output of an information system Facts that have been analyzed by the process component second most important resource in any organization
Porter's 3 strategies for competitive advantage
Overall cost leadership Differentiation Focus
PIS and HRIS
Personnel information system (PIS) human resource information system (HRIS) Designed to provide information that helps decision makers in personnel carry out their tasks more effectively Use Web technologies
Types of IS
Personnel information system (PIS) human resource information system (HRIS) Logistics information system (LIS) Manufacturing information system (MFIS) Financial information system (FIS) Marketing information system (MKIS)
Financial information system (FIS)
Provides information to financial executives in a timely manner
Manager of Information Systems Services
Responsible for managing: Hardware Software Personnel within the information systems department
Enterprise systems
Supply chain management (SCM) Customer relationship management (CRM) Enterprise resource planning (ERP) Collaboration software
Quality of information
Timeliness Integration with other data and information Consistency and accuracy Relevance
data
input to the system
sources of data
internal external Can be collected in different forms: Aggregated Disaggregated time orientation
