ch. 1 science

ultra violet radiation

A type of energy that comes to Earth from the Sun, can damage skin and cause cancer, and is mostly absorbed by the ozone layer.

how heat energy is transferred from the sun.

Heat is energy that flows from an object to a higher temperature to an object with a lower temperature. Energy from the sun reaches Earth's surface and heats it.heat is transferred within Earth's atmosphere by radiation, conduction, and convection.

thermosphere

The biggest layer in the atmosphere it is between exosphere and Mesosphere.

Mesosphere

The layer between the stratosphere and the thermosphere.

conduction

Transfer of energy that occurs when molecules bump into each other. Transfer of heat by molecules bumping together.

radiation

energy transferred by waves or rays. Transfer of heat by waves or rays.

wind systems on Earth

jet streams and winds which are found in the upper troposphere the polar jest streams, sea breezes, and land breezes. Corriolos effect

troposphere

layer of Earth's atmosphere that is closest to the ground, contains 99 percent of water vapor and 75 percent of the atmospheric gases, and is where clouds and weather occur.

ozone layer

layer of the stratosphere with a high concentration of ozone; absorbs most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. Protects us from the suns harmful light.

what gases are in the atmosphere

oxygen 21%, nitrogen 78%, trace gases 1% argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium, methane, krypton, xenon, hydrogen, ozone.

convection

transfer of heat by the flow of material. Transfer of heat flow materials. (air or liquid)

name of atmospheres from low to highest

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere.

purpose of the ozone

your life depends on it it absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation that enters the atmosphere. It contains a high concentration of ozone and shields you from suns harmful energy. uv light protection

hydrosphere

All the waters of Earth. All water on Earth.

Coriolis effect Coriolis french scientist he figured out that the Earth spins.

Causes moving air and water to turn left in the southern hemisphere and turn right in the northern hemisphere due to Earth's rotation. The rotation of the Earth causes wind patterns and ocean currents.

atmosphere

Earth's air, which is made up of a thin layer of gases, solids, and liquids; forms a protective layer around the planet and is divided into five distinct layers. Layers of air that surround and protect the Earth.

ionosphere

Layer of electricity charged particles in the thermosphere that absorbs AM radio waves during the day and reflects them back at night.

condensation

Process in which water vapor changes into a liquid. Water vapor to liquid water.

exosphere

The layer that is the last layer before you reach outer space it so little molecules there.

stratosphere

This is the second layer from Earth to space it is on the ozone layer.

characteristics of the atmosphere layers

lower layers troposphere lowest of Earth's atmospheric contains 99% water vapor 75% atmospheric gases. Rain snow and clouds occur here and extends 10km up from Earth. stratosphere it extends from 10km to 50km it has the ozone which is made up of three oxygen atoms handed together. upper layers mesosphere extends from the stratosphere to 85km above Earth. This layer is where you would see a shooting star. thermosphere has high temperatures and is the thickest atmosphere layer. Found between 85km and 500km above Earth's surface. Both mesosphere and thermosphere have a layer of electrically charged particles called ionosphere which allow radio waves to travel across the country. exosphere is where the space shuttle orbits. It has few molecules, and beyond the exosphere is outer space.

land breeze

movement of air from land to sea at night, created when cooler, denser air from the land forces up warmer air over the sea. wind on the land

sea breeze

movement of air from sea to land during the day when cooler air from above the water moves over the land, forcing the heated, less dense air above the land to rise. wind on the ocean

jet stream

narrow belt of strong winds that blows near the top of the troposphere.