ch 10

Which phrase is a good example of using a signpost?

First, let me explain .....

A way for Matis to signal the end of his speech is near is to say, "__________."

To summarize what I've discussed today

In a speech designed to __________, the speaker may use the conclusion to include a challenge or appeal to action.

persuade

According to the outlining principle of __________, ideas with the same level of importance use the same kind of numbers to visually indicate the relationships between ideas.

coordination

As part of her speech introduction, Nora states, "I'll first discuss the effects of anxiety. Next, I'll talk about the number of people impacted by anxiety. And finally, I'll provide information on how to reduce anxiety." Which aspect of developing main points is Nora demonstrating?

create parallel structure

coordination

suggests that ideas with the same level of importance use the same kinds of numbers (Roman and Arabic) and letters (capitalized and not capitalized) to visually indicate the relationships between ideas.

body

the main content of a speech that develops the speakers general and specific purposes

forecasting

- Before you finish introducing your speech, let the audience know what you will cover in the speech itself - affords listeners a road map so they know where you will take them in the remainder of your speech

how to develop your conclusion

1. The conclusion should be brief and should end with a definite summarizing statement (between 5 and 15 percent of the content of the speech (30 to 60 seconds). 2. The conclusion should contain no new information. 3. The preparation of the conclusion should not be rushed. 4. Leave your audience with something memorable. 5. Write out the conclusion word for word.

guidelines for outlining

1. The preliminary outline should include a list of the topics that you might cover in the speech. 2. A good outline should identify the importance of the ideas you will present 3. The outline should provide an overview of your content. 4. The outline should help you clarify your thinking. 5. It is sometimes helpful to write out the entire introduction and conclusion in your outline so that you can make sure you have included everything you need.

guidelines for using presentational note card

1. Use only a few note cards (they are a help but cannot capture the whole speech). 2. Always number the note cards so that, if they get out of order, you can reorder them quickly. 3. Write on only one side of the card. 4. Use abbreviations as much as possible. 5. Do not write out your speech—use an outline format. 6. If you prefer, write out the introduction and conclusion in their entirety. 7. List only the main points and subpoints on the cards. 8. If necessary, write out quotations, statistical data, and other information that must be cited accurately.

speeches are usually organized into 3 main parts:

1. introduction 2. body 3. conclusion

steps to Develop Your Introduction

1. keep it relatively brief (5 to 10 percent of the total content (30 to 50 seconds). 2. Allow plenty of time to prepare the introduction carefully. 3. Make the introduction creative and interesting. 4. As you research your speech, watch for material to use in the introduction. 5. Develop the introduction after you have completed the main part of your speech. 6. Write out the introduction, word for word.

attention getters

1. refer to subject or occasion 2. use personal references or narratives 3. ask rhetorical questions 4. present a startling statement 5. humor 6. incorporate quotations

components of a conclusion

1. show that you are finishing the speech 2. make your thesis clear 3. review the main points 4. end with a memorable thought

Which of the following demonstrates use of a rhetorical question within the introduction of a speech?

Have you ever wished you could eat all the ice cream you ever wanted?

Which of the following represents a transition?

Now that you better understand the impact of government spending on public education, I'll discuss government spending and the economy.

presentational outline

a concise, condensed outline with notations, usually a combination of full sentences and key words and phrases. This is the outline you will work from when you present your speech - should include your main points and sufficient clarifying and supporting material to aid you in the presentation

preliminary outline

a list of all the points that may be used in a speech

A speech conclusion includes an indication that you are coming to the end of your speech, a summary of main points, __________, and a final memorable thought.

a reflection of the thesis

What outlining symbol designates a main point in a speech outline?

a roman numeral

internal summary

a short review statement given at the end of a main point

what should a good introduction include?

a statement of significance

signpost

a word, phrase, or short statement that indicates to an audience the direction a speaker will take next

spatial pattern

an order of presentation in which the content of a speech is organized according to relationships in space

topical pattern

an order of presentation in which the main topic is divided into a series of related subtopics - each main point is parallel in structure and related to the others

time-sequence (or chronological) pattern

an order of presentation that be©ins at a particular point in time and continues either forward or backward

A speech's __________ is where speakers use the majority of support materials.

body

which part of the speech should you work on first?

body

The __________ pattern is the ordering of main points according to time.

chronological

subordination

clearly identifies the hierarchy of ideas. The most important ideas are main points and are supported by subpoints (that is, they are subordinate to the main points), and the outline uses specific rules for format.

What refers to the believability of a speaker based on the audience's evaluation of their competence, experience, character, and charisma?

credibility

full-sentence outline

expands on the preliminary outline and includes all the ideas you have decided to include in your speech - identifies the main points and subpoints you will cover, written as full sentences

main points should...

express key ideas/major themes and support your thesis introduce one major idea be stated in parallel structure

introduction

includes opening statements that serve two important functions: motivating the audience to listen and orienting them to the subject

Rob stated, "Next, I will share with you my proposed budget and show the ways I can help the department reduce costs." Rob's statement gives advance warning of the points to be covered and is called a(n) __________.

internal preview

Your ______ should be based on the information you gathered in your audience analysis

introduction

your ______ should prepare the audience for the main ideas of your speech by setting the stage for the topic.

introduction

outlining

involves arranging the entire contents of a speech in a logical sequence and writing that sequence in a standardized form.

Speakers must bring the __________ together in a condensed and uniform way in speech conclusions.

main points

Choosing an overly dramatic introduction for a humorous speech would be an example of:

not setting the proper emotional tone for the speech.

The initial portion of a speech introduction includes opening statements that motivate the audience to listen and __________.

orient the audience to the subject

Your introduction should meet three goals:

orient the audience to the topic, motivate the audience to listen, and forecast (preview) the main points.

The blueprint of your speech can also be referred to as the __________.

outline

transitions

phrases and words used to link ideas

The conclusion accomplishes several objectives. Which of the following is one of those objectives?

prepare listeners for the end of your speech

An outline that is concise, condensed, includes notations, and consists of a combination of full sentences and key words or phrases is referred to as a __________ outline.

presentation

Jonah began his speech by stating, "Look around this room. By the end of this semester, at least three people here will have experienced some form of depression. That's according to statistics from The Department of Health and Welfare." What device is Jonah using as part of his introduction?

presenting a startling statement

credibility

refers to a speaker's believability based on the audience's evaluation of the speaker's competence, experience, and character.

one way to establish ethos in a speech is by:

sharing a personal story

internal preview

short statements that give advance warning, or a preview, of the point(s) covered

conclusion

should focus your audience's thoughts on the specific purpose of your speech and bring your most important points together in a condensed and uniform way.

At the museum on Saturday, Kelly will present her speech on "How to Create a Plan for an English Country Garden in Your Backyard." Which pattern of organization is likely best for this speech?

spatial

When developing the key points of speech, a speaker should make sure they are __________.

specific and vivid

Once you have your audience's attention, you need to state the _____ and _______ of your speech.

specific purpose and thesis statement

Which principle of outlining clearly identifies the hierarchy of ideas?

subordination

main points

the principal subdivisions of a speech

parallelism

the term for using similar grammatical forms and language patterns for all ideas, main points, subpoints, and sub-subpoints. If you have a I, you must have a II; if you have a 1, you must have a 2; if you have an A, you must have a B; and each entry must be key words, a complete sentence, or a phrase.

Speakers depend on outlines at two stages:

when they put the speech together and when they deliver it.

Telling a personal story to begin a speech tells the audience __________.

you know and are involved in your subject