CH 10 Quiz Questions

During pregnancy, the combination of high blood pressure and protein in the urine signals: jaundice. preeclampsia. gestational diabetes. gestational hypertension.

preeclampsia.

A woman who breastfeeds her infant should drink plenty of water to: produce more milk. suppress lactation. prevent dehydration. dilute nutrient concentrations.

prevent dehydration.

A pregnant woman needs an extra 450 calories above the allowance for nonpregnant women during which trimester(s)? First Second Third First, second, and third

Third

Large doses of which substance can interfere with the body's absorption and metabolism of zinc? a. vitamin D b. vitamin C c. folate d. iron e. calcium

d. iron

Which of the following preventative measures should pregnant women take to avoid contracting listeriosis? Choose soft rather than aged cheeses. Avoid pasteurized milk. Thoroughly heat hot dogs. Avoid raw fruits and vegetables.

Thoroughly heat hot dogs.

How many additional kcalories of energy does a pregnant woman need during her first trimester? a. 0 b. 340 c. 450 d. 620 e. 810

a. 0

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy causes a disruption in placental functioning, which can lead to deficits in glucose and oxygen in the fetal brain. a. True b. False

a. True

Foods with strong or spicy flavors, such as onions or garlic, may alter the flavor of breast milk. a. True b. False

a. True

Lactating women who smoke produce less milk and milk with a lower fat content when compared to women who do not smoke. a. True b. False

a. True

Malnutrition reduces fertility and impairs the early development of an infant should a woman become pregnant. a. True b. False

a. True

Many low-income pregnant and lactating women receive vouchers for nutritious foods, such as peanut butter and whole-grain products, from the federal program known as WIC. a. True b. False

a. True

Moderate weight loss by a breastfeeding mother after delivery of her infant does not adversely affect the quality or quantity of her breast milk. a. True b. False

a. True

Pica, the ingestion on nonfood items, is often associated with iron deficiency during pregnancy. a. True b. False

a. True

Promotion of breastfeeding is an integral part of the WIC program's nutrition education component. a. True b. False

a. True

Researchers who studied the safe alcohol intake limit for pregnant women have concluded ____. a. complete abstinence is the best policy b. one drink per day is not harmful c. a few drinks per trimester is not harmful d. problems only occur in women who drink more than four drinks per day e. alcohol rarely causes problems so it is safe to consume

a. complete abstinence is the best policy

Anencephaly is a neural tube defect that results in ____. a. either a missing or undeveloped brain b. sac-like protrusions off the spine c. vertebrae failing to close around the spinal cord d. varying degrees of paralysis e. curvature of the spine and muscle weakness

a. either a missing or undeveloped brain

When is the ideal time to start breastfeeding after birth? a. immediately after delivery b. within 24 hours after delivery c. within a couple of days after delivery d. within a couple of weeks after delivery e. at least few weeks after delivery

a. immediately after delivery

Worldwide, more than half of all deaths of children younger than five years old are primarily a result of nutritional deficiencies coupled with ____. a. low birthweight b. high birthweight c. anencephaly d. spina bifida e. listeriosis

a. low birthweight

A sudden, large weight gain during pregnancy is a danger signal because it may indicate the onset of ____. a. preeclampsia b. gestational diabetes c. chronic hypertension d. gestational hypertension e. hyperglycemia

a. preeclampsia

What condition is characterized by high blood pressure as well as protein in the urine and almost always appears after 20 weeks of gestation? a. preeclampsia b. gestational diabetes c. listeriosis d. chronic hypertension e. gestational hypertension

a. preeclampsia

To facilitate lactation, a mother needs: about 5000 kcalories a day. adequate nutrition and fluid intake. vitamin and mineral supplements. a glass of wine or beer before each feeding.

adequate nutrition and fluid intake.

What is the recommended weight gain for a woman who has a healthy prepregnancy weight and will give birth to a single baby? a. 28 to 40 lbs b. 25 to 35 lbs c. 15 to 25 lbs d. 11 to 20 lbs e. 31 to 50 lbs

b. 25 to 35 lbs

During the first six months of lactation, a breastfeeding mother is advised to consume how many extra kcalories per day to meet energy needs? a. 250 b. 330 c. 400 d. 470 e. 550

b. 330

Largely due to national efforts to promote breastfeeding the percentage of infants who were ever breastfed rose from ____ between the years of 1994 and 2011. a. 25 to 50 percent b. 60 to 79 percent c. 19 to 42 percent d. 75 to 90 percent e. 33 to 66 percent

b. 60 to 79 percent

Herbal supplements are safe alternatives to medicinal drugs to relieve nausea, promote water loss, and alleviate depression among pregnant women. a. True b. False

b. False

Infants born to mothers with diabetes are more likely to be small for gestational age and may suffer severe hyperglycemia. a. True b. False

b. False

Prepregnancy weight and weight gain during pregnancy have little to no effect on infant birthweight. a. True b. False

b. False

If a lactating woman develops an ordinary cold, she should temporarily stop breastfeeding to avoid passing the virus to her infant. a. True b. False

b. False Infants should be fed "on demand" and not be held to a rigid schedule. The breastfed infant may average 8 to 12 feedings per 24-hour period during the first month or so.

The nutrients in breast milk that are most likely to decline in response to prolonged inadequate dietary intakes include calcium, zinc, and phosphorus. a. True b. False

b. False The nutrients in breast milk that are most likely to decline in response to prolonged inadequate intakes are the vitamins—especially vitamins ,B6, B12, A, and D.

A pregnant woman should increase her fiber intake by 35 to 40% daily to support fetal growth. a. True b. False

b. False intake should comprise 20-35%

In which scenario would a mother be advised to continue nursing without worry? a. The nursing mother has a strong family history of food allergies. b. The nursing mother has a cold to which the infant is susceptible of catching. c. The nursing mother consumes several servings of alcohol, but stops an hour before breastfeeding. d. The nursing mother takes medication that is secreted in breast milk and is known to affect infants. e. The nursing mother is a smoker, but does not smoke at the same time she is breastfeeding the infant.

b. The nursing mother has a cold to which the infant is susceptible of catching.

What surrounds and cradles a fetus, cushioning it with fluids? a. umbilical cord b. amniotic sac c. ovum d. placenta e. blastocyst

b. amniotic sac

What outcome has been shown to be a benefit of breastfeeding that directly impacts the mother? a. conserving calcium stores b. contracting the uterus c. protecting against future hypertension d. speeding the resumption of ovulation e. promoting rapid weight loss

b. contracting the uterus

A woman who plans to become pregnant wants to try to prevent neural tube defects in her baby by following a healthy diet. Which nutrient is most closely associated with prevention of neural tube defects in the developing fetus? a. calcium b. folate c. vitamin A d. choline e. iron

b. folate

By disrupting proper placental functioning, alcohol causes deficits in both ____. a. vitamin D and calcium, which are needed for the developing fetal bones b. glucose and oxygen, which are needed for the developing fetal brain c. vitamin B12 and folate, which are needed for the developing fetal brain d. iron and zinc, which are needed for the developing fetal circulatory system e. folate and choline, which are needed for the developing fetal spinal cord

b. glucose and oxygen, which are needed for the developing fetal brain

The transfer of significant amounts of iron from the mother to the fetus are regulated by the ____. a. kidneys b. placenta c. amniotic sac d. uterine wall e. neural tube

b. placenta

Which structure carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus? a. umbilical artery b. umbilical vein c. maternal vein d. uterine wall e. amniotic sac

b. umbilical vein

Which two vitamins are needed in particularly large amounts during pregnancy in order to support cell reproduction and prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus? a. vitamin B12 and calcium b. vitamin B12 and folate c. vitamin D and folate d. vitamin D and calcium e. choline and calcium

b. vitamin B12 and folate

Approximately how many ounces of milk per day does a lactating woman typically produce? a. 8 b. 12 c. 25 d. 36 e. 48

c. 25

The recommended daily allowance (RDA) of protein for pregnant women is ____ grams per day higher than for nonpregnant women. a. 10 b. 15 c. 25 d. 45 e. 65

c. 25

An overweight woman who is pregnant should strive to include which goal into her lifestyle to maintain a healthy pregnancy? a. Try to lose 11 to 20 pounds during pregnancy. b. Increase protein intake to 35% of total kcalories. c. Postpone weight loss until after pregnancy. d. Increase energy intake by 550 kcalories per day. e. Maintain systolic blood pressure between 90 and 110 mmHg.

c. Postpone weight loss until after pregnancy.

When the breasts become full and hard, for example before lactation is well established, the condition is known as ____. a. letdown b. rooting c. engorgement d. mastitis e. listeriosis

c. engorgement

Glucose intolerance with first onset or first recognition during pregnancy is known as ____. a. type 1 diabetes b. type 2 diabetes c. gestational diabetes d. gestational hypertension e. chronic hypertension

c. gestational diabetes

With the possible exception of which nutrient, pregnant women can meet most of their nutrient needs by making wise food choices. a. vitamin D b. calcium c. iron d. folic acid e. zinc

c. iron

Pregnant women are advised to limit their intake of certain fish, such as swordfish, king mackerel, and golden bass, because these fish often contain high amounts of ____, which can harm fetal growth. a. zinc b. lead c. mercury d. arsenic e. cyanide

c. mercury

A woman's fertility is defined as her capacity to periodically produce a normal ____. a. zygote b. ovary c. ovum d. sperm e. blastocyst

c. ovum

What activities best describe the work of the placenta during pregnancy? a. surrounding and cushioning the fetus b. combining maternal and fetal blood stores to exchange nutrients c. producing hormones that maintain the pregnancy d. absorbing vitamins and minerals that can be transferred to the fetus e. preventing maternal hemorrhage just prior to labor and delivery

c. producing hormones that maintain the pregnancy

In general, what effect does maternal nutritional deprivation have on the production of breast milk? a. neither the quantity nor quality of milk is reduced b. the quantity but not the quality of milk is reduced c. the quality but not the quantity of milk is reduced d. both the quality and the quantity of milk are reduced e. both the quality and the quantity of milk are increased

c. the quality but not the quantity of milk is reduced

Severe maternal deficiency of which substance interferes with normal calcium metabolism, and in rare cases leads to a condition called rickets? a. folate b. iron c. vitamin D d. choline e. vitamin C

c. vitamin D

Which outcome has been shown to be most closely associated with breastfeeding infants of mothers who smoke? a. poor temperature regulation b. vision impairment c. vomiting d. elevated blood pressure e. lethargy and malaise

c. vomiting

A pregnant woman has applied to use WIC services to supplement her food intake. The WIC program would provide vouchers for _____ in this situation. a. lean beef b. fruit-flavored yogurt c. whole grain bread d. refried beans e. ham

c. whole grain bread

How long do most successful pregnancies last? a. 26 to 30 weeks b. 30 to 34 weeks c. 34 to 38 weeks d. 38 to 42 weeks e. 42 to 46 weeks

d. 38 to 42 weeks

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) recommend that infants exclusively receive breast milk for how long? a. 24 months b. 18 months c. 12 months d. 6 months e. 3 months

d. 6 months

What is the optimal birthweight for a full-term infant? a. 4.6 to 5.5 lbs b. 8.7 to 10.1 lbs c. 5.6 to 6.7 lbs d. 6.8 to 7.9 lbs e. 8.1 to 9.2 lbs

d. 6.8 to 7.9 lbs

Morning sickness, which can occur anytime during the day, typically peaks during ____ weeks' gestation. a. 28 b. 20 c. 14 d. 9 e. 4

d. 9

A mother who works outside of the home wants to continue to breastfeed her infant by occasionally pumping milk ahead of time. What information should this mother be given that will help her continue to successfully breastfeed her child? a. Breast milk should be refrigerated no longer than 24 hours. b. When stored in a deep freeze, breast milk may be kept for up to 2 years. c. Heating breast milk in the microwave can kill any bacteria that have accumulated in the bottle. d. Breast milk may be expressed by hand or by an electric pump. e. Breast milk should be kept refrigerated or frozen in the glass bottles in which it was expressed.

d. Breast milk may be expressed by hand or by an electric pump.

A woman who is 10 weeks' pregnant complains that she suffers from nausea every morning and is unable to eat breakfast. Which strategy would most likely help to alleviate some of the nausea that occurs during pregnancy? a. Increase dairy intake, including yogurt and ice cream. b. Sit up while eating. c. Choose foods that are high in fiber. d. Eat small, frequent meals when hunger strikes. e. Increase fluid intake with tea, coffee, and juice.

d. Eat small, frequent meals when hunger strikes.

In order to establish and maintain successful breastfeeding, which practice should a lactating mother try to follow? a. Initiate breastfeeding within 24 hours of birth. b. Breastfeed on a schedule of every 2 to 3 hours. c. Give a pacifier to an infant between feedings. d. Find a breastfeeding support group to troubleshoot problems. e. Provide a small amount of formula or water if the infant is unable to latch immediately.

d. Find a breastfeeding support group to troubleshoot problems.

In developed countries, including the United States, what is the most common cause of maternal mortality? a. hyperglycemia b. gestational diabetes c. gestational hypertension d. eclampsia e. listeriosis

d. eclampsia

In comparison to infants born to women of normal weight, infants born to obese women are _____. a. less likely to have heart defects b. more likely to be of very low birthweight c. less likely to experience a complicated birth d. more likely to have neural tube defects e. at decreased risk of perinatal death

d. more likely to have neural tube defects

Which sequence correctly orders the developmental stages that lead to a fetus? a. blastocyst → ovum → zygote → embryo → fetus b. blastocyst → ovum → embryo → zygote → fetus c. zygote → ovum → embryo → blastocyst → fetus d. ovum → zygote → blastocyst → embryo → fetus e. ovum → blastocyst → embryo → zygote → fetus

d. ovum → zygote → blastocyst → embryo → fetus

When pregnant women develop cravings for and ingest nonfood items, such as soil or ice, the practice is known as ____. a. rickets b. eclampsia c. preeclampsia d. pica e. anemia

d. pica

Which response in infants makes them turn toward any touch on the face? a. engorgement response b. letdown reflex c. infant's grasp d. rooting reflex e. nursing response

d. rooting reflex

What is the recommended weight gain for a woman who has a prepregnancy BMI of 30 or greater and will give birth to a single baby? a. 28 to 40 lbs b. 37 to 54 lbs c. 15 to 25 lbs d. 25 to 42 lbs e. 11 to 20 lbs

e. 11 to 20 lbs

A pregnant woman wants to consider breastfeeding her infant after delivery. Which statement provides correct information regarding vitamin and mineral use during lactation? a. Nutritional deprivation of the mother reduces the quality, not quantity of milk. b. If her own nutritional supplies are limited, a mother will not produce enough milk with adequate protein. c. The nutrients in breast milk most likely to decline because of inadequate intake are calcium and phosphate. d. Vitamin supplementation has not been shown to improve breast milk concentration among undernourished women. e. Loss of calcium is usually made up quickly after lactation ends.

e. Loss of calcium is usually made up quickly after lactation ends.

Which factor is most likely associated with high-risk pregnancy? a. Prepregnancy BMI between 18.5 and 25 b. A history of 2 or more previous pregnancies c. Age between 15 and 35 years d. Between 18 and 59 months since the previous pregnancy e. Pregnancy with twins or triplets

e. Pregnancy with twins or triplets

Traditionally, which of the following strategies is least likely recommended to alleviate nausea during pregnancy? a. avoid foods with offensive odors b. eat dry toast or crackers c. chew gum or suck hard candies d. eat small, frequent meals e. drink water, milk, or tea

e. drink water, milk, or tea

An increased dose of iron may be prescribed for pregnant women if repeat tests confirm she has low levels of ____. a. calcium b. choline c. insulin d. glucose e. hemoglobin

e. hemoglobin

Which risk factor, when present with a BMI over 25, would most likely prompt screening procedures for gestational diabetes at the first prenatal visit? a. Caucasian ethnicity b. family history of breast cancer c. previous pregnancy with twins d. an age between 15 and 21 years e. high blood pressure

e. high blood pressure

The amount of milk a nursing woman can produce each day varies considerably, primarily dependent on the ____. a. mother's weight b. mother's breast size c. mother's fluid intake d. infant's weight e. infant's demand

e. infant's demand

Which female organ serves as both a supply depot and a waste-removal system for a developing fetus? a. fallopian tube b. ovary c. uterus d. amniotic sac e. placenta

e. placenta

Which condition is characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement? a. preeclampsia b. rickets c. anencephaly d. gestational hypertension e. spina bifida

e. spina bifida

Most infants who die within the first year are born by women in which age group? a. over 41 years old b. between 31 and 40 years old c. between 21 and 30 years old d. between 17 and 20 years old e. under 16 years old

e. under 16 years old

Two nutrients needed in large amounts during pregnancy for rapid cell proliferation are: vitamin B12 and vitamin C. calcium and vitamin B6. folate and vitamin B12. copper and zinc.

folate and vitamin B12.

A mother's prepregnancy nutrition is important to a healthy pregnancy because it determines the development of: the largest baby possible. adequate maternal iron stores. an adequate fat supply for the mother. healthy support tissues—the placenta, amniotic sac, umbilical cord, and uterus.

healthy support tissues—the placenta, amniotic sac, umbilical cord, and uterus.

Rewards of physical activity during pregnancy may include: weight loss. decreased incidence of pica. relief from morning sickness. reduced stress and easier labor.

reduced stress and easier labor.

The most important single predictor of an infant's future health and survival is: the infant's birthweight. the infant's iron status at birth. the mother's weight at delivery. the mother's prepregnancy weight.

the infant's birthweight.