Ch. 11 bio test

if the probability of event A is 3/4 and the probability of event B is 1/4, then the probability of both A and B occurring at the same time is...

3/16

if a women is a carrier for the color-blind recessive allele and her husband is normal, what are their chances that a son will be color-blind?

50% since the mother is the only carrier

which allele combination represents a homozygous dominant individual?

AA

the F2 offspring of a classic mendelian monohybrid cross between homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive parents would produce the genotype...

AA, Aa, and aa

If the parents are AO and BO genotypes for the ABO blood group, their children could include which of the following genotypes?

AO, BO, AB and OO only

if an individual with a dominant phenotype is crossed with an individual with a recessive phenotype, 4 of their 9 offspring show the recessive phenotype. What is the genotype of the first parent?

Aa

the offspring of a monohybrid testcross would have what possible genotype?

Aa and aa

Which of the following is not part of Mendel's law of segregation?

Each gamete will contain two factors for a trait

in a classic Mendelian monohybrid cross between a homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent, which generation is always completely heterozygous?

F1 generation

Which is associated with the inability to produce factor VIII in the blood?

Hemophilia A

Which is NOT true according to Mendel's law of segregation?

One factor must be dominant and one factor recessive in each individual

during Mendel's pea plant experiment he discovered that the trait for tallness is dominant to that of shortness. Which of the following statements is correct?

Tall= TT or Tt while short= tt

Unattached earlobes (EE or Ee) are described in the textbook as dominant over attached earlobes (ee). A couple both have unattached earlobes. Both notice that one of their parents on both sides has attached earlobes (ee). Therefore, they correctly assume that they are carriers for attached earlobes (Ee). The couple proceeds to have four children...

Two heterozygous, one homozygous recessive and one homozygous dominant is a likely outcome, but all heterozygous, or two, tree or all four homozygous are also possible

Which statement about the blending concept of inheritance is correct?

a cross between a tall man and a short woman would always produce children of medium height

which allele combination represents a recessive individual?

aa

Some plants fail to produce chlorophyll, and this trait appears to be recessive. Many plants also self-pollinate. If we locate a pea plant that is heterozygous for this trait, self-pollinate it and harvest seeds, what are the likely phenotypes of these seeds when they germinate?

about one-forth will be white and three-fourths green since it is similar to a monohybrid cross between heterozygous

in the use of a punnett square for genetic results of crossing individuals...

all of the choices are correct

which of the following disorders is not a X-linked trait?

all of these are X-linked disorders

In pea plants, the gene for round seed (R) is dominant, and wrinkled seeds (r) are recessive. The endosperm of the pea is also either starchy, a dominant gene (S), or waxy (s). What can be said of a fully heterozygous, dihybid cross?

all of these choices are possible

which factor led to Mendel's success as a scientist?

all of these factors mad him successful

which characteristics of pea plants were important in their selection as Mendel's research organism?

all of these were important

as many as 60% of people in malaria-infected regions of Africa have the sickle-cell allele but only about 10% of the US population of African ancestry carries the allele. Malaria remains a major disease in central Africa but has not been a serious problem in the US for many generations. What is/are the reasons for the difference in the percentages and what is a reasonable statement about future percentages?

all the choices are reasonable

computer simulations are sometimes used to demonstrate the outcome of monohybrid fruit fly crosses, where a student can run generation after generation of fruit flies with 00 offspring produced each generation, half male and half female, and a 3-to-1 phenotype ratio in the F1 generation. Compared with real genetics results...

all the choices are true

which of the following reasons helped make Mendel successful with his genetic experiments?

all these reasons were successful

What are alleles?

alternative forms of a gene for a single trait, such as blue eyes or brown eyes

the pedigree chart depicts the inheritance pattern of ______. Circles depict females and squares depict males. Colored shapes represent affected individuals (expressing a trait) an uncolored shapes are unaffected (do no express a trait).

an autosomal recessive characteristic with both parents being heterozygous

what is the blending theory of inheritance?

an old theory that said that offspring show traits intermediate between these of the parents

if black fur is produced by a recessive allele, which genotype is most likely to produce a black individual?

bb

women with x-linked disorders always pass the genes for the disorder to _______. While men with x-linked disorders always pass the genes for the disorder to ______.

both their daughters and sons; only their daughters

pleiotrophy typically...

causes various symptoms to appear even though it only imacts a single gene

The most common lethal genetics among Caucasians is...

cystic fibrosis

in what kind of classic mendelian cross would you expect to find of 9:3:3:1 among F2 offspring?

dihybrid cross

cystic fibrosis and phenylketonuria are common autosomal dominant disorders

false

if an individual is heterozygous for a particular trait, the gametes that individual produces will contain 3/4 dominant and 1/4 recessive alleles

false

which aspect of Mendel's background gave him the necessary tools to discover the laws of inheritance?

he had studied mathematics and probability

a testcross involves an individual exhibiting the dominant phenotype but an unknown genotype being crossed with an individual that has a ____ genotype.

homozygous recessive

When a round fruit pant is crossed with a long fruit plant their offspring are oval. What is the best explanation for this scenario?

incomplete dominance

The reason why some individuals who inherit polydactyly but do not express the trait is due to...

incomplete penetrance

which occurrence is when an individual inherits a dominant gene but does not fully express the dominant phenotype?

incomplete penetrance

Since each child of two heterozygous parents has a 50% chance of receiving a recessive trait from each parent...

no matter what the first child's phenotype, the next child will have 1/4 chance of being phenotypically recessive.

Haiti is settled by peoples of both African and European ancestry. A young couple, both with mixed ancestry, marry and have several children. The children vary widely in the amount of skin mlanin production, with one child being lighter than both parents, and one being darker. The simple explanation for this is...

polygenic inheritance

When an individual of African descent marries and has children with an individual of European descent their children often have a mid shade of skin color. This can be described as...

polygenic inheritance

which of the following scenarios would not have been used by Mendel during his research?

relied on his memory to remember his data

if white eyes are produced by a recessive allele, what is the likely genotype of a white-eyed individual?

rr

which of the following is NOT a trait that is the result of, or is affected by the interaction f more than one gene?

sickle cell anemia

if a pea plant shows a recessive phenotype...

the genotype can only be tt

Lethal genes are nearly always recessive. Animal bredders who discover a unique trait and selectively breed to increase the occurrence of the trait often encounter a noticeable increase in lethal genes. Why?

the selective-mating of closely related individuals, or inbreeding, increases chances that two recessive genes will "meet" in offspring

each gamete carries one factor, new called an allele, for each inherited trait

true

in a case of incomplete dominance, the phenotype rate of the F2 generation is the same as the genotype ratio

true

polygenic traits such a height or weight are often influenced by he environment of the organism

true

In 1940, two researchers named Weiner and Landsteiner discovered that about 85% of the human population sampled possessed a blood cell protein that had been previously detected in Rhesus monkeys. This blood type was labeled Rh positive, and Rh+ was found to be dominant over the absence of the blood factor (Rh). Under normal Mendelian inheritance, which of the following statements is FALSE?

two Rh- parents could have and Rh+ child

the particulate theory of inheritance...

two of the above

the ability to roll the edges of the tongue upward in a U-shape has been considered to be an inherited ability. The standard assumption is that the tongue-rolling is a dominant allele at a single gene locus. Which of the following would cast doubt n this assumption?

two of the above are situations that would cast doubt on this assumption

which of the following crosses would always result in offspring that only display the dominant phenotype?

two of the crosses will always display the dominant phenotype

if individuals exhibiting a dominant phenotype are crossed and produce only offspring with the dominant phenotype, what would be the logical genotype of the parents?

two of the options may be correct

When crossing true-breeding red snapdragon flower with a true-breeding white flower of the same species, we secure all pink offspring's. This would seem to support the pre-Mendel view that inheritance is a blending of parental traits. However, Mendel and conventional wisdom agree that "blending" of parental traits is not correct and that particles of inheritance are actually involved because...

two of these are true

if a human who is tongue roller (T) and has unattached ear lobes (E) marries a person who cannot roll there tongue and has attached earlobes, could they produce an offspring that was also a non-tongue roller with attached earlobes? What would be the genotype of the first parent? second parent?

yes;TtEe,ttee