Ch 11 LSCM 4360, International Shipping: Chapter 14 Packaging for Export, Ch 12 LSCM 4360, Chapter 13 LG361, Ch 10 LSCM 4360, Ch. 10, SCM Quiz 16, EXAM THREE, Chapter 11: Ocean Transportation, Ch 15, International Shipping: Chapter 16 Customs Clarenc...
Packaging as a Marketing Tool
-Prepare for the worst -Goods are protected by physical damage
Benefits of good packaging policy
-better relationship between exporter and importer builds trust
"Friendly" to employees
-friendly to employees -list is written in their language
Two main reasons to mark cargo
-protect from poor handling -protect from theft and pilferage
Packaging Objectives
1) Protect the goods from mechanical damage, 2) Protect the goods from water damage, 3) Protect the goods from theft and pilferage
Post-Panamax ships have capacities that can reach
12,000 TEUs
On international airfreight shipments, the traditional volume-weight conversion (although not the one used by FedEx and UPS) is
166 cubic inches per pound.
In conditions of high humidity, paperboard loses up to ___ percent of its strength.
60
Seal
A lock especially designed to be applied on containers and truck trailers and that the importer must break in order to get entry into the container or trailer.
pallet
A platform of wood or plastic on which the goods are placed. The pallet allows the use of mechanical equipment to move the merchandise as a unit. Goods shipped on pallets are also called unitized packages.
Less than Container Load
A shipment whose volume and weight are below the capacity of a container and for which the shipper does not request that it be the only cargo in a container.
Full Container Load (FCL)
A shipment whose volume and weight are close to the volume and weight limits of a container or for which the shipper requests that it be the only cargo in a container.
In 2007, US railroads had a market share of ____ percent of all long distance ton miles shipped
A. 40
Companies involved in the CTPAT have been given expedited Customs clearance at border crossings through the use of
A. FAST lanes
The European community has recently introduced the concept of ______ that runs trains straight through from major ports to cities such as Milan and Vienna without changing locomotives and crews at each border
A. freight corridors
Trucks carrying international cargo tend to be
A. semi-trucks
Overloaded trucks are common in _____ and some parts of Asia
Africa
Malcom Mclean devised the container system and implemented it in
B. 1956
Much trade at the US-Mexico border is handled `
B. DAF
As freight moves from mode to mode in intermodal travel, liability limits
B. change from mode to mode
The biggest problem in international trucking in Europe is
B. different regulations from country to country
Much of the crude oil transported internationally travels by oil tankers and by
B. pipelines
The term "project cargo" refers to cargo
B. that is outside of the normal realm of what shipping companies handle in terms of weight, size, or destination
Not including intermodal shipments, the three main traditional areas of the US railroad freight business have been in the areas of
C. bulk freight, break-bulk freight in boxcars, and automobiles
In the EU, trucking is often delayed by
C. social protests
Intermodal has become popular because
D. all of the above, (it offers one-stop shopping for shippers, it means shippers do not have to worry about making changes between transport modes and it means ocean shipping companies offer transportation in modes other than in their core comp)
Trucking, from a North American perspective is
D. domestic, heavy between the US and Canada, and involved in some trade across US-Mexico border
Commercial Packaging
Does not exist
A high cube container is ___ feet tall
E. none (9.5)
Double-stacking of containers on railroad cars is the standard practice in both N America and Europe
F
FAST is a European program that facilitates border crossings for trucks carrying cargo between Europe and the rest of the world
F
Like the US, Australia has a lot of railroad capability to carry truck trailers across the country
F
Liquid-bulk containers cannot be stacked with traditional containers
F
Most European freight is transported by ISO boxes on railroad cars
F
Railroad freight transport in the US is a dying industry
F
The Rotterdam Rules do not address the issues of cargo liability for cargo transported by land
F
The freight-forwarding business is concentrated into a small number of very large companies
F
The shipping container was developed in 1970 by Marshall McLuan
F
Efforts to develop a fairly seamless European freight rail system have been resisted by the country of
France
FTK stands for
Freight Tonne Kilometer.
The international airfreight business is regulated by
International Air Transport Association
Packaging designed to appeal to and be functional for consumers is called ____?
Primary Packaging
The biggest challenge to international trucking in Europe is the myriad of ____ that are present
Regulations
Packaging that usually groups several of the consumer goods into one unit.
Secondary Packaging -what retailer sees and handles
Aircraft containers are used to aggregate small individual packages rather than to form a whole shipment
T
Cargo going from the Far East to Europe can cross the North American continent via a land bridge
T
Cargo that requires specific arrangements to be transported, because it exceeds weight and dimensional limits of traditional cargo, is called "project cargo"
T
Extended length containers are designed to hold cargo that does not fit in a 40 food container
T
Heightened inspection levels have delayed border crossings worldwide
T
It is possible that some ocean freight traffic will be replaced by rail service between E Asia and Europe
T
North American barges tend to be larger than European barges
T
Pipelines can be used to transport coal
T
Special containers often are forced to return empty
T
Switzerland prohibits trucking through the Alps, forcing trucks to "piggy-back" on trains
T
Twenty-foot containers are 6.1 meters
T
Container ship capacity is measured in
TEUs or twenty food equivalent units
Improper Packaging
The lack of appropriate packaging materials for an international shipment. The determination is oftentimes made by an insurance company when it refuses to pay a damage claim that it considers avoidable had proper packaging procedures been followed.
Standardized units of cargo on a breakbulk ship have a capacity of
There are no standardized units of cargo on a breakbulk ship.
The United States governmental agency that has primary responsibility for security issues in air transportation (whether passenger or cargo) is
Transportation Security Administration.
In containerized shipping, the term TEU stands for
Twenty-foot Equivalent Units
NVOCCs are
able to handle freight to any destination.
Tertiary packaging
aka transportation packaging, includes all of the additional protection given to the goods to ensure their safe and efficient delivery, in sound condition, at the lowest possible cost, to their purchaser.
Europeans have attempted to upgrade their freight railroad systems but are slowed by bloated
bureaucracies
Break-bulk ships
can call at just about any port to pick up different kinds of cargo loads.
A cargo service that allows an exporter to ship a large quantity of goods to a location not normally served by cargo airlines would be
charter airfreight service.
Which is not one of the main types of aviation service?
charter airfreight.
Certified Cargo Screening Facilities are charged with
conducting one-hundred-percent inspections of all shipments that will eventually travel on passenger aircraft.
Packaging Functions
contain and protect, promote products , facilitate storage, use and convenience, facilitate recycling
Among freight often carried in the belly of scheduled international passenger airplanes are
critical machine or computer parts and fresh produce like fish.
Ships dedicated to the transport of petroleum products are called
crude carriers.
Why smart boxes and tracking technology is needed?
customers want to know we ensure box safety -if easily verified it can still transit during a crisis -reducing number of lost boxes, lead times, stock outs, and reducing inventory
Large amounts of _____ enter the United States through the Miami Airport.
cut flowers
The total capacity of the ship expressed in long tons is called
deadweight tonnage.
Ships designed to carry one single type of refined petroleum product are sometimes called
drugstore ships.
The type of ship in which coal is usually carried is a called a:
dry-bulk carrier.
The Paris convention of 1919
established the concept of sovereignty of a country over its airspace
Countries with an open registry often provide
flags of convenience.
Loading a LCL
goods must be unitized better protected than goods ships
Capacity of a ship used to determine taxation of the ship by its country of registry or by port or canal authorities is called
gross registered tonnage.
In Europe, some trucking companies register their vehicles in other countries to avoid
higher taxation
A transportation system using more than one mode but which operates under a single bill of lading is called
intermodal
Deadweight tonnage
is the maximum weight of the cargo that a vessel can carry.
A characteristic of breakbulk ships is that they are
labor-intensive.
Airfreighters are different from passenger airliners in that freight is carried in/on the ______ of the aircraft.
main deck.
To protect cargo, markings should display ______ and _____?
net weight gross weight English and Metric measurement
LNG and LPG ships
often operate on long-term contracts.
OBC service stands for
onboard courier.
Unlike the US, European railroads focus more on ______ traffic than freight
passenger
Ships too large to pass through the Panama Canal are called
post-Panamax ships.
Airfreighters are fitted with a tail stand during loading operations in order to
prevent "nose-up" mishaps during loading.
Which of the following sustainability initiatives have not been adopted or tested by airlines and/or airports?
reduced air speed to reduce carbon emissions
Refrigerated ships are slowly being replaced by
refrigerated containers.
Which of the following international liability conventions allow carriers to argue that their liability is limited by "17 defenses," such as navigational errors?
the Hague-Visby Rules.
In calculating airfreight rates, airlines figure the volume-weight of the shipment based on the volume yielding a certain weight value. As a result,
the airline will charge the higher of the volume-weight or the actual weight of the cargo.
The increasing size in containerships may eventually result in
the development of a "hub" system.
Packaging is always
the responsibility of the exporter, regardless of the Intercom used
Gross registered tonnage is
the total volume capacity of the ship. expressed in hundreds of cubic feet. normally not appropriate for determining the cargo-carrying capacity of a ship.
The strongest type of shipping crates are _____.
three-way corners
The deck below the main deck, which can accommodate smaller breakbulk cargo, is called the
tween deck.
Full Container Load
utilizes the entire capacity of a container