Ch. 12 - Mendel's Experiments and Heredity
A ________ square is a mathematical device that is used to predict the probable outcome of a cross of two different genotypes.
Punnett
RQ: In a mating between individuals with the genotypes AB x OO, what percentage of the offspring are expected to have the O blood type? a) 0 b) 25% c) 50% d) 75% e) 100%
a) 0
Using a Punnett square, predict the probability of having a yellow pea produced by crossing two heterozygous green plants given that the yellow is recessive. a) 25% b) 0% c) 100% d) 50%
a) 25% - 25% homozygous yellow and 50% heterozygous green, and 25% homozygous green
________ is a recessive condition caused by a mutation in the melanin (pigment in eyes, skin, and hair) synthesis pathway. a) Albinism b) Cystic Fibrosis c) Tay Sachs d) Sickle Cell Anemia
a) Albinism
Gene variations that arise by mutation and exist at the same relative locations on homologous chromosomes. a) Allele b) Autosomes c) Genotype d) Phenotype
a) Allele
Hypothetical inheritance pattern in which parental traits are blended together in the offspring to produce an intermediate physical appearance. a) Blending Theory of Inheritance b) Continuous Variation c) Discontinuous Variation d) Continental Drift
a) Blending Theory of Inheritance
Traits that confers the same physical appearance whether an individual has two copies of that trait or one copy of it along with one copy of the recessive trait. a) Dominate b) Recessive c) Homologous d) Heterozygous
a) Dominate
________ is the study of patterns of inheritance of specific traits. a) Genetics b) Traits c) Heredity d) Genes
a) Genetics
Which of the following would represent discontinuous variation? a) Green pods or yellow pods b) Human Height c) Black fur with patches of white fur mixed together d) Red and white flower produce pink flowers
a) Green pods or yellow pods
According to Mendel's Law of Inheritance, rather than both alleles contributing to a phenotype, the dominant allele will be expressed exclusively. The recessive allele will remain "latent" but will be transmitted to offspring by the same manner. The recessive trait will only be expressed by the offspring that? a) Have two copies of this allele b) Have one copy of this allele c) Have different copies of this allele d) Have mutated copies of this allele
a) Have two copies of this allele
In a case of complete dominance, for a recessive gene to be expressed in the phenotype, you would have to be _________ for that gene. a) Homozygous b) Autosomal c) Heterozygous d) Homologous
a) Homozygous
What type of allele traits would Type A blood have? a) I^A I^A , I^A i b) I^B I^B , I^B i c) I^A I^B d) ii
a) I^A I^A , I^A i
When Mendel crossed peas for the single trait of color, green versus yellow, he was making a ________ cross. a) Monohybrid b) Dihybrid c) Tribrid
a) Monohybrid - Cross between two true-breeding parents differing in only one characteristic is called a monohybrid cross, and the resulting offsprings are called monohybrids
____________ is a type of cross when fertilization occurs between two true-breeding parents that differ in only one characteristic. This process is called? a) Monohybrid Cross b) Dihybrid Cross c) Tribrid Cross d) Cross-Sectional
a) Monohybrid Cross
An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an inability of the body to utilize the essential amino acid phenylalanine. This is located on the 12th chromosome. a) Phenylketonuria (PKU) b) Cystic Fibrosis c) Tay Sachs d) Sickle Cell Anemia
a) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Sickle-cell anemia and Cystic Fibrosis are examples of autosomal ________ disorder. a) Recessive b) Dominant
a) Recessive - Autosomal since they do not involve sex chromosomes
Inheritance pattern in which an allele is only lethal in the homozygous form. a) Recessive Lethal b) Dominant Lethal c) Homologous Lethal d) Heterozygous Lethal
a) Recessive Lethal
RQ: When conducting a test cross, you take an unknown dominant phenotype and cross it with a homozygous recessive in order to determine the genotype of the unknown a) This is true b) This is false
a) This is true
RQ: When solving genetic problems using a Punnett square it is assumed that all possible types of sperm fertilize all possible types of eggs. a) This is true b) This is false
a) This is true
T/F? For cases in which a single gene controls a single characteristic, a diploid organism has two genetic copies that may or may not encode the same version of that characteristic. a) True b) False
a) True
T/F? An offspring can be affected by a recessive phenotypic trait even when neither parent is affected. a) True b) False
a) True - Heterozygous parents can be carriers (Autosomal Recessive)
T/F? An offspring can be unaffected by a recessive phenotypic trait even when parents are heterozygous. a) True b) False
a) True - When both parents are unaffected, none of their children will have the condition. (Autosomal Dominant)
Males have the sex determinant chromosomes ______ whereas females have _______ chromosomes. a) XY ; XX b) XX ; XY
a) XY ; XX
RQ: In pea plants, tall stem is dominant to dwarf stem. When Mendel crossed purebred tall stems with purebred dwarf stems, the F1 generation contained: a) all tall stems b) all dwarf stems c) 50% dwarf stems and 50% tall stems d) 75% tall stems and 25% dwarf stems
a) all tall stems
Using a Punnett square, predict the probability of having a yellow pea produced by crossing a homozygous yellow pea plant with a homozygous green plant, given that the yellow is recessive. a) 25% b) 0% c) 100% d) 50%
b) 0%
Parents who are carriers of a recessive disease or disorder have a _____ chance of having an offspring with the condition: a) 1/2 b) 1/4 c) 1/8 d) 1/16
b) 1/4
During a Monohybrid cross, the genotypic ratio is: a) 2:1:1 b) 1:2:1 c) 2:1:2 d) 1:2:2
b) 1:2:1
Because homozygous dominant and heterozygous individuals are phenotypically identical, the observed traits in the F2 offspring will exhibit a ratio of _______ Dominant to _____ Recessive a) 1 ; 3 b) 3 ; 1 c) 2 ; 4 d) 4 ; 3
b) 3 ; 1
RQ: If your mother suffers from Huntington's disease, and your father is normal, your chance of inheriting the disease is: a) 25%. b) 50%. c) 75%. d) 100%. e) None of the above.
b) 50%. - Huntington's Disease is an Autosomal Dominant disease so father has to be (hh) and mom (Hh)
A recessive genetic disorder in which two amino acids, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, are not properly metabolized. Affected individuals may have darkened skin and brown urine, and may suffer joint damage and other complications. a) Phenylketonuria (PKU) b) Alkaptonuria c) Tay Sachs d) Sickle Cell Anemia
b) Alkaptonuria
Your patient is exhibiting symptoms of having darkened skin, reports having "brown" urine and suffers from joint pain. They most likely have which autosomal recessive disorder? a) Phenylketonuria (PKU) b) Alkaptonuria c) Tay Sachs d) Sickle Cell Anemia
b) Alkaptonuria
Mendel theorized that genes are inherited as pairs of ______, which behave in a dominant and recessive pattern. a) Traits b) Alleles c) Phenotypes d) Chromosomes
b) Alleles
The pattern of inheritance known as ______ is characterized by the equal, distinct, and simultaneous expression of both parents' different alleles. A classic example is in humans is ABO blood type. a) Autosomal Dominance b) Codominance c) Incomplete Dominance d) Simple Dominance
b) Codominance
Variation of an Incomplete Dominance in which both alleles for the same characteristic are simultaneously expressed in the heterozygote is called? a) Complete Dominance b) Codominance c) Heterozygous Dominant d) Homozygous Dominant
b) Codominance
Inheritance pattern in which a character shows a range of trait values with small gradations rather than large gaps between them is called? a) Blending Theory of Inheritance b) Continuous Variation c) Discontinuous Variation d) Continental Drift
b) Continuous Variation
_____ is the exchange of genetic material during meoisis between two homologous chromosomes (non-sister chromatids) that result in recombinant chromosomes. Here mother and father alleles combine onto the same chromosome. a) Cross-Sectional b) Crossing Over c) Law of Independent Assortment d) Law of Segregation
b) Crossing Over
________ results from a cross between two true-breeding parents that express different traits for two characteristics. a) Monohybrid b) Dihybrid c) Tribrid d) Hybrid
b) Dihybrid
Inheritance pattern in which an allele is lethal both in the homozygote and the heterozygote. a) Recessive Lethal b) Dominant Lethal c) Homologous Lethal d) Heterozygous Lethal
b) Dominant Lethal
Working with garden pea plants, Mendel found that crosses between parents that differed by one trait produced F1 offspring that all expressed the traits of one parent. Observable traits are referred to as ________, whereas non-expressed traits are described as ________. a) Recessive; Dominant b) Dominant; Recessive c) Homologous; Heterozygous d) Heterozygous; Homologous
b) Dominant; Recessive
RQ: Which of the following states Mendel's First law? a) During the formation of gametes, gene pairs demonstrate independent assortment. b) During the formation of gametes, genetic elements (alleles) segregate from each other. c) The probability of any two events happening is the product of their respective probabilities d) If an organism is pure-breeding for any trait, it will display incomplete dominance. e) In any possible cross, the ratio of phenotypes will always be 3:1
b) During the formation of gametes, genetic elements (alleles) segregate from each other.
In which generation do recessive traits generally reappear? a) F3 Generation b) F2 Generation c) P Generation d) F1 Generation
b) F2 Generation
Your parents reproduced to create you and your siblings. You and your siblings will produce grandchildren for your parents to enjoy and spoil rotten. Your children represent the: a) F3 Generation b) F2 Generation c) P Generation d) F1 Generation
b) F2 Generation
T/F? Dominant traits become latent in genetic crosses. a) True b) False
b) False
_______ is an organism's underlying genetic makeup consisting of both physically visible and non-expressed alleles is called? a) Trait b) Genotype c) Phenotype d) Karyotype
b) Genotype
Peas were the chosen plant for the Father of Genetics _________ a) Rudolph Virchow b) Gregor Mendel c) R.C. Punnett d) Charles Darwin
b) Gregor Mendel
A plant with the genotype Vv means that it is _________ with violet flowers. a) Homozygous b) Heterozygous c) Homozygous Dominant d) Heterozygous Recessive
b) Heterozygous
Dominant lethal alleles are fatal in __________ individuals. a) Homozygous b) Heterozygous c) Homologous d) Hemizygous
b) Heterozygous
It is often possible to determine a person's genotype from the genotype of their offspring. For example, if neither parent has a certain disorder but their child does, the parents must be? a) Homozygous b) Heterozygous c) Hemizygous
b) Heterozygous
When true-breeding or homozygous individuals that differ for a certain trait are crossed, all of the offspring will be ______ for that trait. a) Homozygous b) Heterozygous c) Homologous d) Recessive
b) Heterozygous
Diploid organisms that are ________ at a given gene, or locus, have two identical alleles for that gene on their homologous chromosomes. a) Dominate b) Homozygous c) Homologous d) Heterozygous
b) Homozygous
An autosomal dominant disorder which causes progressive degeneration of neurons in the brain due to a mutation in the huntingtin protein. a) Phenylketonuria (PKU) b) Huntington Disease c) Tay Sachs Disease d) Sickle Cell Anemia
b) Huntington Disease
Mating tall plant to short plants is _________. a) Recombination b) Hybridization c) Cross-Sectional d) Assortment
b) Hybridization
What type of allele traits would Type B blood have? a) I^A I^A , I^A i b) I^B I^B , I^B i c) I^A I^B d) ii
b) I^B I^B , I^B i
Concept in which two copies of a gene for a particular trait, or alleles, combine so that neither dominates the other is called? a) Complete Dominance b) Incomplete Dominance c) Codominance d) Homozygous Dominant
b) Incomplete Dominance
According to Mendel, in a heterozygote, one trait will conceal the presence of another trait for the same characteristic, this is known as? a) Law of Inheritance b) Law of Dominance c) Law of Independent Assortment d) Law of Segregation
b) Law of Dominance - rather than both alleles contributing to a phenotype, the dominant allele will be expressed exclusively.
If traits are inherited as dominant and recessive, the F1 offspring will all exhibit the same ________ as the parent which is homozygous for the dominant trait. a) Trait b) Phenotype c) Genotype d) Genome
b) Phenotype
When you are looking at the physical expressions of traits such as eye and hair color, you are looking at the _______ of that person. a) Genotype b) Phenotype
b) Phenotype
A Monohybrid (single-gene) Cross experiment was conducted between a Purple flower (PP) and a White Flower (pp). The two produces a purple offspring notated as (Pp). This offspring then has some offspring of its own producing: one (PP) flower, two (Pp) flowers, and one (pp) flower. Of the flowers, which of the following would be considered the F1 generation in this experiment? a) PP Flowers b) pp Flowers b) Pp Flowers c) PP and pp Flowers d) PP and Pp Flowers e) All of the above
b) Pp Flowers
Traits that appear "latent" or non-expressed when the individual also carries a dominant trait for that same characteristic. a) Dominate b) Recessive c) Homologous d) Heterozygous
b) Recessive
RQ: The term genotype refers to the physical appearance, while the term phenotype refers to the genetic makeup. a) This is true b) This is false
b) This is false - Opposite
______ is defined as a variation in the physical appearance of a heritable characteristic. a) Gene b) Trait c) Genome d) DNA
b) Trait
Sons inherit ______ chromosomes from their fathers and ______ chromosomes from their mothers. a) X ; Y b) Y ; X c) X ; X d) Y ; Y
b) Y ; X
RQ: An autosome is _________. a) an autonomous chromosome b) a non-sex determining chromosome c) another term for epistasis d) present only in males and is responsible for sex determination e) found in mitochondria but not in nuclei
b) a non-sex determining chromosome
RQ: The parents do not show the disease, but one offspring does, what type of disease is this most likely representing? a) sex linked b) autosomal recessive c) autosomal dominant d) mutation e) not enough information
b) autosomal recessive
Curly and straight hair, when crossed, are an example of ______, because the resulting individuals have the intermediate character of wavy hair. a) codominance b) incomplete dominance c) recessive d) dominant e) random
b) incomplete dominance
The characteristics that Mendel observed in his peas and flowers are known as _______, which are carried by _______, which are located on_________. a) chromosome, genes, traits b) traits, genes, chromosomes c) traits, chromosomes, genes d) genes, chromosomes, traits
b) traits, genes, chromosomes
Sickle-cell anemia, a condition in which abnormal hemoglobin is produced, results from an autosomal recessive gene (s). Two parents with normal hemoglobin have a child with sicklemia. What is the probability that their next child will be a girl with sicklemia? a) 1/2 b) 1/4 c) 1/8 d) 1/16 e) 1/32
c) 1/8
Using a Punnett square, predict the probability of having a yellow pea produced by crossing a homozygous yellow pea plant with a homozygous green plant, given that yellow is dominant. a) 25% b) 0% c) 100% d) 50%
c) 100% - The cross will only produce yellow pea plants
Using a Punnett Square, Calculate the odds of an offspring with green freckles, if, green freckles are dominant, yellow freckles recessive, one parent is heterozygous and one is homozygous with yellow freckles. a) 0% b) 25% c) 50% d) 75% e) 100%
c) 50%
RQ: D=widow peak, d=no peak (Mendelian genetics) The chance of having a child with a widow's peak in a cross between 2 heterozygote parents is: a) 25% b) 50% c) 75% d) 100% e) 0%
c) 75%
Beth and Barden known that they are carriers for the Tay-Sachs gene, a fatal disorder of the nervous system. They do not plan to have children, because their genetic counselor informed them that if they both transmit their abnormal allele, their offspring will develop the disease and will die in childhood, usually before age 5. This disease is caused by: a) A chromosomal non-disjunction b) A lethal dominant gene c) A lethal recessive gene d) An X-linked dominant gene e) A mutation
c) A lethal recessive gene - two copies of a lethal allele do not survive in utero or have a shortened life span.
If your mom was homozygous for blood type A and your dad was homozygous for type B, then you have to be type ________, because blood types follow the patter of codominance. a) A b) B c) AB d) O
c) AB
Assuming that seed color is a discontinuous variation and yellow seeds are dominant to green seeds, during hybridization of a yellow true breeding plant and a green true breeding plant you would expect the F1 generation would produce? a) 75% yellow seeds, 25% green seeds b) All green seeds c) All yellow seeds d) 25% yellow seeds, 75% green seeds e) Half yellow seeds and half green seeds
c) All yellow seeds
Male pattern baldness is inherited from the mom's side of the family. Bob wanted to know the chances that he would lose most of his hair as he aged, so he had to look at his maternal grandfather to get an idea. This type of inheritance is an example of: a) An X-linked dominant gene b) A chromosomal nondisjunction c) An X-linked recessive gene d) A lethal dominant gene e) A lethal recessive gene
c) An X-linked recessive gene
Among the 23 pair of chromosomes, there is one pair called the sex chromosomes, that determines the sex of the individual (XX in females, XY in males). The remaining 22 chromosome pairs are called _________ chromosomes. a) Heterozygous b) Homozygous c) Autosomal d) Homologous
c) Autosomal
______ are classified as any of the non-sex chromosomes. a) Monosomes b) Protosomes c) Autosomes d) Nucleosomes
c) Autosomes
RQ: Isabella breeds and sells chocolate labs, which are homozygous recessive. Isabella conducts a cross which produces the following results: 1 black lab : 1 chocolate lab. What are the parental genotypes? a) BB x bb b) Bb x Bb c) Bb x bb
c) Bb x bb
RQ: If a mouse has a dominant phenotype (P-), how would you determine if it is homozygous (PP) or heterozygous (Pp)? a) Cross it to a homozygous dominant mouse. b) Cross it to a mouse with the dominant trait but a similarly unknown genotype. c) Cross it to a mouse with the recessive trait. d) Cross it to a heterozygous dominant mouse. e) It cannot be determined.
c) Cross it to a mouse with the recessive trait.
Your patient is exhibiting symptoms such as thick mucus in the lungs, excessive sweating that tastes like "salt" to them, and reports unable to have children with his wife. They most likely have which autosomal recessive disorder? a) Sickle-Cell Anemia b) Huntington's Disease c) Cystic Fibrosis d) Albinism
c) Cystic Fibrosis
Inheritance pattern in which traits are distinct and are transmitted independently of one another is called? a) Blending Theory of Inheritance b) Continuous Variation c) Discontinuous Variation d) Continental Drift
c) Discontinuous Variation
_______ is the interaction between genes that are antagonistic, as such that one gene masks or interferes with the expression of another. This is called? a) Recessive b) Dominance c) Epistasis d) Hypostatic
c) Epistasis
What will result from a test cross if the dominant-expressing organism is a heterozygote? a) All F1 offspring wll be heterozygotes expressing the dominant trait b) All F1 offspring will be heterozygotes expressing the recessive trait c) F1 offspring will exhibit 1:1 ratio of heterozygotes and recessive homozygotes d) F1 offspring will exhibit 1:1 ratio of homozygote and recessive homozygotes
c) F1 offspring will exhibit 1:1 ratio of heterozygotes and recessive homozygotes
Because an organism using X and Y as sex chromosomes has alleles on the branch of the X which are missing on the Y, the male is referred to as _______. a) Hemizygia b) Homozygous c) Hemizygous d) Heterozygous
c) Hemizygous
________ when there is presence of only one allele for a characteristic, as in X-linkage. Dominance and Recessiveness is irrelevant. a) Homozygous b) Heterozygous c) Hemizygous d) Homologous
c) Hemizygous
________ is the transmission of traits from one generation to the next. a) Genetics b) Traits c) Heredity d) Genes
c) Heredity
The chromosomes of a pair are _________ to each other, and the variant forms of genes for a trait, located at corresponding locations, are referred to as __________. a) Heterozygous, alleles b) Homozygous, alleles c) Homologous, alleles d) Homologous, telomeres e) Homozygous, telomeres
c) Homologous, alleles
If the genes which code for a trait are identical, then the organism is said to be ________ for that gene. a) Heterozygous b) Hemizygous c) Homozygous d) Homologous
c) Homozygous
A plant with the genotype VV means that it is _________ with violet flowers. a) Homozygous b) Heterozygous c) Homozygous Dominant d) Heterozygous Recessive
c) Homozygous Dominant
The process of mating two individuals that differ, with the goal of achieving a certain characteristic in their offspring is called? a) Recessive b) Dominant c) Hybridization d) Cross-Sectional
c) Hybridization
What type of allele traits would Type AB blood have? a) I^A I^A , I^A i b) I^B I^B , I^B i c) I^A I^B d) ii
c) I^A I^B
According to Mendel, genes do not influence each other with regard to the sorting of alleles into gametes, and every possible combination of alleles for every gene is equally likely to occur. This phenomenon is known as? a) Law of Inheritance b) Law of Dominance c) Law of Independent Assortment d) Law of Segregation
c) Law of Independent Assortment
When genes are located in close proximity on the same chromosome, their alleles tend to be inherited together. This results in offspring ratios that violate Mendel's? a) Law of Inheritance b) Law of Dominance c) Law of Independent Assortment d) Law of Segregation
c) Law of Independent Assortment
______ is the physical location of a gene on a chromosome is called? a) Centromere b) Kinetochore c) Locus d) Peak
c) Locus
During which phase do maternal and paternal chromosomes separate? a) Prophase b) Metaphase c) Meiosis I d) Meiosis II
c) Meiosis I
A Monohybrid (single-gene) Cross experiment was conducted between a Purple flower (PP) and a White Flower (pp). The two produces a purple offspring notated as (Pp). This offspring then has some offspring of its own producing: one (PP) flower, two (Pp) flowers, and one (pp) flower. Of the flowers, which of the following would be considered the P generation in this experiment? a) PP Flowers b) pp Flowers b) Pp Flowers c) PP and pp Flowers d) PP and Pp Flowers e) All of the above
c) PP and pp Flowers - these are the Parental Generation
The _______ is the observable physical traits expressed by an organism. a) Trait b) Genotype c) Phenotype d) Karyotype
c) Phenotype
A _______ trait that involves two or more sets of alleles. a) Multigenic b) Multiset c) Polygenic d) Polytechnic
c) Polygenic
What type of cross do you use to determine if an individual displaying a dominant phenotype is a homozygous dominant or heterozygous? This basically allows to identify the genotype of that dominant phenotype. a) Monohybrid Cross b) Dihybrid Cross c) Test Cross d) Cross-Sectional
c) Test Cross
_______ is the phenotype of the typical form of a species as it occurs in nature. It is conceptualized as a product of the standard "normal" allele at a locus. a) Karyotype b) Genotype c) Wild Type d) Variant Type
c) Wild Type
Daughters inherit ______ chromosomes from their fathers and ______ chromosomes from their mothers. a) X ; Y b) Y ; X c) X ; X d) Y ; Y
c) X ; X
Jo inherited a gene for blue eyes from her dad and a gene for brown eyes from her mom. You would say she is ______ for her eye color genes. a) homologous b) homozygous c) autosomal c) heterozygous
c) heterozygous
RQ: What is the probability that two parents who are heterozygous for the recessive trait of albinism will have two albino offspring? a) 1/2 b) 1/4 c) 1/8 d) 1/16 e) 1/32
d) 1/16
A person with blood type AB has a baby with a person who also has type AB blood. Using a Punnett Square, what is the likelihood of an offspring having type A blood? a) 50% b) 100% c) 75% d) 25% e) 0%
d) 25%
RQ: If the green pea pod allele (Y) is dominant to the yellow allele (y), a cross between two heterozygous plants would be expected to produce _______. a) all green pods b) 1/4 green and 3/4 yellow c) 1/2 green and 1/2 yellow d) 3/4 green and 1/4 yellow e) all yellow pods
d) 3/4 green and 1/4 yellow
Using a Punnett square, predict the probability of having a yellow pea produced by crossing a homozygous yellow pea plant with a heterozygous green plant, given that the yellow is recessive. a) 25% b) 0% c) 100% d) 50%
d) 50% - 50% homozygous yellow and 50% heterozygous (green)
Using a Punnett Square, Calculate the odds of an offspring with green freckles, if, green freckles are dominant, yellow freckles recessive, the parents are both heterozygous. a) 0% b) 25% c) 50% d) 75% e) 100%
d) 75%
Assuming that plant height is a discontinuous variation and tall plants are dominant to short plants. Hybridization of a true-breeding tall plant to a true breeding short plant produces all tall plants in the F1 Generation. Crossing two plants from the F1 would produce what ratios in the F2 generation? a) All short plants b) Half tall plants and half short plants c) 25% tall and 75% short plants d) 75% tall and 25% short plants e) All tall plants
d) 75% tall and 25% short plants
RQ: If a woman with blood type AB marries a man with blood type O whose parents were both type O, what are the possible blood types of their children a) Only A b) Only B c) Only AB d) A or B e) A or B or AB
d) A or B
What will result from a test cross if the dominant-expressing organism is a homozygote? a) All F1 offspring wll be heterozygotes expressing the dominant trait b) All F1 offspring will be heterozygotes expressing the recessive trait c) All F1 offspring will be homozygotes expressing the recessive trait d) All F1 offspring will be homozygotes expressive the dominant trait
d) All F1 offspring will be homozygotes expressive the dominant trait
For the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross, which of the following are possible combinations of genotypes? a) Homozygous Dominant b) Heterozygous c) Homozygous Recessive d) All of the Above
d) All of the Above
If your mom was homozygous for blood type A and your dad was homozygous for type B, then you have to be type ______, because blood types follow the pattern of codominance. a) Blood type A b) Blood type B c) Blood type O d) Blood Type AB
d) Blood Type AB
Your parents reproduced to create you and your siblings. You and your siblings will produce grandchildren for your parents to enjoy and spoil rotten. You and your siblings represent the: a) F3 Generation b) F2 Generation c) P Generation d) F1 Generation
d) F1 Generation
In offsprings that were classified as ________, their genotype reflected that they had different alleles for the gene being examined. a) Dominate b) Homozygous c) Homologous d) Heterozygous
d) Heterozygous
A pea plant has a dominant gene for green, a recessive green for yellow. You would be correct to say that the plant is ________ for that gene. a) Homologous b) Homozygous c) Hemizygous d) Heterozygous
d) Heterozygous - non-matching forms of a gene
A plant with the genotype vv means that it is _________ with violet flowers. a) Homozygous b) Heterozygous c) Homozygous Dominant d) Homozygous Recessive
d) Homozygous Recessive
Genes that are masked by the epistatic alleles are called? a) Recessive b) Dominance c) Hyperstatic Alleles d) Hypostatic Alleles
d) Hypostatic
According to Mendel, paired unit factors (I.e. genes) segregate equally into gametes such that offspring have an equal likelihood of inheriting any combination of factors. This phenomenon is known as? a) Law of Inheritance b) Law of Dominance c) Law of Independent Assortment d) Law of Segregation
d) Law of Segregation
A phenomenon in which alleles that are located in close proximity to each other on the same chromosomes are more likely to be inherited as a pair is called? a) Dihybridation b) Episatic c) Hypostatic d) Linkage
d) Linkage
A ________ is a chart or "family tree" that tracks which members has a particular genetic trait. a) Karyotype b) Genotype c) Phenotype d) Pedigree
d) Pedigree
This point mutation causes a change in amino acid sequence which causes hemoglobin molecules to crystallize when oxygen levels are in the blood are low. These blood cells get stuck in small blood vessels. a) Albinism b) Cystic Fibrosis c) Tay Sachs d) Sickle Cell Anemia
d) Sickle Cell Anemia - Mother and Father could not exhibit traits however, can be carriers
RQ: If a mother has type A blood and her son has type O blood, what are the possible blood types of her son's father? a) Type O only b) Types A or O c) Types B or O d) Types A, B, or O e) Any blood type
d) Types A, B, or O
RQ: Which answer below is an example of a homozygous plant? a) Two copies of the purple allele b) Two copies of the white allele c) One copy of the purple allele and one copy of the white allele d) a and b e) All of the above
d) a and b
What type of allele traits would Type O blood have? a) I^A I^A , I^A i b) I^B I^B , I^B i c) I^A I^B d) ii
d) ii
Using a Punnet Square, what are the odds of Luiz and Kristen having a child with a tail, if you know that Kristen has no tail, Kristen's mom has a tail, but there are no genes for tails in her dad's family and none on either side of Luiz's family? a) 25% b) 100% c) 75% d) 50% e) 0%
e) 0% - Kristen is Tt (carrier) because mom is (tt) and dad is (TT). Luiz is TT since there is no signs of the gene in his family.
Using a Punnett Square, Calculate the odds of an offspring with green freckles, if, green freckles are dominant, yellow freckles recessive, one parent is heterozygous and one is homozygous with green freckles. a) 0% b) 25% c) 50% d) 75% e) 100%
e) 100%
A heterozygote Type A blood would have the genotype AO, with the "O" meaning there is no opposing or matching allele (think of it as a zero). A heterozygote B would have the genotype BO. Using a Punnett square, what is the likelihood of an offspring having type O blood (phenotype OO) with the cross of those two genotypes? a) 75% b) 50% c) 100% d) 0% e) 25%
e) 25%
A person with blood type AB has a baby with a person who also is heterozygous type A blood. Using a Punnet Square, what is the likelihood of an offspring having type A blood? a) 100% b) 0% c) 25% d) 75% e) 50%
e) 50% - 25% AB ; 50% A (25% AA or 25% AO) and 25% BO
RQ: ______ means that the two members of the allelic pair are the same. a) Recessive b) Dominant c) Codominant d) Heterozygote e) Homozygous
e) Homozygous
When a dad carriers an abnormal allele for a gene which he would pass to all of his daughters but none of his sons, this would be an example of? a) a chromosomal nondisjunction b) a lethal dominant gene c) an X-linked recessive gene d) a lethal recessive gene e) an X-linked dominant gene
e) an X-linked dominant gene
Cheryl suffers from cystic fibrosis, an inherited disorder which causes severe damage to the lungs and digestive system by affecting the cells that produce mucus, sweat and digestive juices. Both her parents were clinically healthy, but they discovered some early relatives afflicted with it when they searched their family tree. This disease is an example of? a) an X-linked recessive gene b) an X-linked dominant gene c) an autosomal dominant gene d) a lethal dominant gene e) an autosomal recessive gene
e) an autosomal recessive gene - A pattern of Recessive Inheritance that corresponds to a gene on one of the 22 autosomal chromosomes. It must be homozygous to be expressed.
Which of the following are components of Mendel's Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance? a) Chromosomes contain the genetic material (DNA) b) Chromosomes are replicated and passed from parent to offspring c) Two sets of chromosomes are present and found as homologous pairs. d) During Meiosis, one member of each chromosome pair segregates into each daughter nucleus e) Gametes are haploid cells f) All of the above
f) All of the above
RQ: Assume that in a series of experiments, plants with round seeds were crossed with plants with wrinkled seeds and the following offspring were obtained: 220 round and 180 wrinkled. a) What is the most probable genotype of each parent? b) What genotypic and phenotypic ratios are expected? c) Based on the information provided in part (b), what are the expected (theoretical) numbers of progeny (400 total) of each phenotypic class?
(a) assuming that round (W) is dominant to wrinkled (w): Ww × ww (b) 1:1 (c) 200