Ch 12 Personal Health
Medical litigation is a contributing factor to health care cost. High-risk specialists such as obstetricians and surgeons pay malpractice premiums over over _____ each year.
$100,000
Which of the following are requirements in a doctoral program in psychology?
1 year internship & substantial coursework in personality and psychopathology
hysician assistant (PA) training requires completion of a
2-3 year master's program
Approximately how many active registered nurse jobs are present in the U.S.?
3 million
Which of the following is true of podiatric medical training?
The first 2 years are devoted to classroom instruction and lab work
Registered dietitians who coordinate medical and nutritional needs and provide nutritional services for patients in institutions such as hospitals and nursing care facilities are called
clinical dietitians
Medical professionals who help people with mental or emotional illness adjust to life are called
clinical psychologists
Which of the following are weaknesses in the U.S. health care system?
health care costs that are escalating, high rates of preventable medical errors, large number of uninsured people
_____ is based on the law of similars.
homeopathy
In the context of the major cost categories for health care, which of the following account for over half of annual health care costs?
hospital care & physician clinical services
Unlike Western medicine, complementary medicine
is often rooted in traditional medicine based on ancestral practices
Unlike complementary medicine, Western medicine _____.
is rooted in the scientific method and guided by empirical evidence from research
Many people practice meditation because _____.
it imparts a sense of relaxation and self-awareness
Which of the following are types of advanced practice nurses?
nurse midwives, nurse anesthetists, & nurse practitioners
Which of the following are responsibilities of physician assistants?
ordering and interpreting lab tests, performing physical exams & taking medical histories
Which of the following is not an example of an allied health care professional?
orthopedist
Doctors of _____ medicine are more likely than doctors of medicine to practice family medicine, internal medicine, pediatrics, or obstetrics/gynecology.
osteopathic
Which of the following would be typical patients of physical therapists?
patients with chronic low back pain, accident victims, & patients with spinal injuries
The fastest-growing segment of the American population is
people over age 60
A health care professional who generally works in rehabilitation medicine helping patients restore musculoskeletal function is a
physical therapist
Under the supervision of a physician, which medical professionals provide treatments to restore musculoskeletal function?
physical therapists
Which of the following are examples of allied health care professionals?
physician assistants, registered nurses & registered dietitians
All individuals who hold M.D. or D.O. degrees are types of
physicians
__________ health care is the diagnosis and treatment of common illnesses.
primary
_____ involves diagnosis and treatment of simple, routine illnesses such as acne, influenza, high blood pressure, or depression.
primary health care
Which of the following sequences would be most appropriate for a patient seeking treatment for unexplained migraine headaches?
primary, secondary, tertiary health care
Under the guidance of a physician, physical therapists (PTs)
provide treatments to restore function and improve mobility following surgery
Acupuncture treatment is based on the belief that by adjusting the body's _____ healing can occur.
qi, or vital energy
secondary health care
referral of a patient to a neurologist for migraine headaches
Which of the following are responsibilities of registered nurses?
supervising medical tests, administering medical tests & recording medical histories
Which of the following are kinds of movement therapies?
tai chi, yoga & the Alexander technique
Which of the following is not an example of primary health care?
taking an MRI scan
Which of the following is not a responsibility of a registered nurse?
taking x-rays and MRIs
One of the factors pushing health care costs higher in the United States is _____—those aged 60 and older comprise the fastest-growing segment of our population.
the "graying" of America
Identify the reasons for the creation of the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health by the National Institutes of Health.
the growing interest in non-mainstream medicine & the need for an objective resource for information and guidance on diverse practices in non-mainstream medicine
A factor that has contributed to the rising health care costs in the United States is _____.
the large number of uninsured people
tertiary health care
the use of complex tests and other specialists for a neurological condition
Health care in the United States is predominantly in the form of science-based medicine developed in North America and Europe, also referred to as
western medicine
Based on its address, which of the following Web sites would be least credible?
www.health.com
Which of the following is true of the influence of the drug industry on the public?
They create and exaggerate medical conditions to promote products
In the context of medical professionals referred to as "eye doctors," identify a true statement about optometrists.
They examine eyes and advise on nonsurgical management of certain eye problems
Which of the following is true of doctors of osteopathic medicine?
They place special emphasis on the body's musculoskeletal system
As is common in research on complementary practices, many studies on chiropractic and back pain _____.
are poorly designed
Which of the following are examples of creative therapies?
art, music & dance therapy
Which of the following are responsibilities of physician assistants?
assist in surgery, counsel patients & set fractures
Physicians practicing integrative medicine are _____.
guided by a "get the patient better" philosophy
Which of the following are true of internists?
They are trained to advise people on disease prevention & They solve diagnostic problems in which multiple illnesses may be occurring at the same time
Which of the following statements regarding primary care physicians are correct?
They are usually the physicians one would go to first with a condition or concern, They know when to refer patients to a specialist for further care, & Some insurance plans require people to always see their primary care doctors first
True or false: Unlike physicians, podiatrists do not enter a residency after graduation.
False
Which of the following is true of the studies conducted on chiropractic and back pain?
Findings suggest that chiropractic adjustment is no more or no less effective than conventional treatments.
Which of the following is true of homeopathy?
Homeopathic medicines are derived from animal, plant and mineral sources
In the context of Western medicine, who among the following are health care practitioners? (Check all that apply.)
Optometrists and Podiatrists
Which of the following health care practitioners use their hands to manipulate a patient's soft tissues and musculoskeletal joints?
Osteopaths, chiropractors & massage therapists
_____ are doctors specializing in the diagnosis and nonsurgical treatment of diseases of internal organs.
Internists
Which of the following are true of integrative medicine?
It reaffirms the importance of the doctor-patient relationship & It makes use of all appropriate curative preventive approaches.
Which of the following are true of acupuncture?
It uses needles which are positioned just under the skin & are inserted into selected points along the body's energy pathways
Identify a feature of therapeutic massage.
It usually involves manual techniques such as stroking, kneading, and stretching.
How many people have been certified by the National Certification Board for Therapeutic Massage since its establishment in 1992?
Over 100,000
Identify the true statements about the education and training of physician assistants (PAs).
Many PAs obtain additional training in a primary care specialty & PAs often have prior experience as RN
Which of the following statements correctly describe medical errors?
Medical errors can result in death during even "minor" surgery, Medical errors are one of the top 3 leading causes of death in the US, Nursing homes & retail pharmacies are settings for medical errors
Which of the following are examples of physician specialties in primary care?
Pediatrics & family medicine
Years three to seven of postgraduate medical education are collectively referred to as a(n)
Residency
True or false: In general, osteopathic manipulation is broadly accepted as part of conventional Western medicine. In contrast, chiropractic adjustment and therapeutic massage are still considered alternative practices
True
True or false: Postgraduate medical education is referred to as residency.
True
Which of the following statements correctly describe the U.S. health care system?
U.S. medical economists fear continuation of spiraling costs will have dire consequences, preventable medical errors are not a rare occurrence, the American approach to health care is the most expensive in the world
Which of the following is a factor that has contributed to the rise in health care costs in the United States?
Uninsured individuals not seeking medical care unless it is absolutely necessary
Science-based medicine largely developed in Europe and North America is called
Western medicine
Which of the following are the main paths to becoming a registered nurse (RN)?
an associates degree in nursing & a bachelor of science degree in nursing (BSN)
Identify examples of complementary medicine
acupuncture & chiropractic
When one is looking for information on a non-mainstream medical treatment on the Internet, one should _____.
be wary of sites that diagnose illnesses or suggest a course of treatment
Why is palpation fundamental to therapeutic massage?
because it helps find areas of fluid accumulation & helps identify areas of muscle tension
Which of the following are common courses taken during the first two years of medical school?
biochemistry, physiology, anatomy & pharmacology
Acupuncture is a common type of
body-manipulative practice
Which type of CAM was founded in 1895 by D.D. Palmer?
chiropractic
__________ is a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are non-mainstream but are sometimes used in combination with Western medicine.
complementary medicine
A doctor who diagnoses and treats problems of the teeth and gums and other aspects of oral health is called
dentist
A(n) _______ prevents, diagnoses, and treats problems with teeth and with mouth tissue.
dentist
Which of the following are examples of medical specialties?
dermatology & psychiatry
Which of the following are examples of primary health care?
diagnosing high blood pressure, getting an antibiotic for strep throat, receiving treatment for acne
When thinking about using a biologically based therapy, one must
discuss the pros and cons of the therapy with a doctor
What are the two types of physicians?
doctor of osteopathic medicine & doctor of medicine
dentify a true statement about meditation
during meditation, one focuses on breathing or on a mantra
Which of the following are examples of medical errors?
getting the wrong leg amputated, having an overdose on chemotherapy, receiving the wrong drug
Systematic reviews of multiple studies indicate acupuncture is more effective for relief of _____ than no treatment or pretended treatment.
low back pain
What is one of the oldest and most widely practiced mind-body therapies?
meditation
__________ is one of the oldest and most widely practiced mind-body interventions.
meditation
Postural awareness regimens like the Alexander technique and the Feldenkrais method are examples of
movement therapies
For which of the following conditions has acupuncture been thoroughly studied as a treatment?
nausea/vomiting
What is the largest health care profession?
registered nurse
Which of the following is not a type of advanced practice nurse?
registered nurse
Paid, on-the-job training towards a specialty completed by a graduate student in medical education is called a(n)
residency
Different from primary health care, __________ health care involves specialists treating more complex or less common conditions.
secondary
The referral to a specialists usually by the primary care physician, to treat more complex conditions is referred to as
secondary health care
Mind-body interventions such as faith healing or intercessory prayer that use purposeful focused intention to help cure another person are called
spiritual healing
The belief that the body's soft tissues will function optimally when the circulatory and lymphatic systems are unimpeded is the central principle of
therapeutic massage
Which of the following are the most common types of manipulative and body-based methods?
therapeutic massage & chiropractic adjustment
Which of the following is true of educational programs for those aspiring to become registered nurses?
there are 3 main paths to becoming a RN
Which of the following statements regarding registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) training are correct?
there are over 300 programs nationwide & many RDNs pursue additional graduate training
Which of the following is true of biologically based therapies?
they are chemically active and can interact with other compounds, foods and drugs
Which of the following is true of clinical psychologists?
they assist medical and surgical patients in dealing with illnesses or injuries
Which of the following is not a reason to seek care from a primary care physician?
they can diagnose and treat most complex conditions
In the context of medical professionals referred to as "eye doctors," which of the following is true of ophthalmologists?
they perform the full range of eye-related medical care, including surgery
Which of the following are true of doctoral programs in clinical psychology?
they usually take 5-7 years & are accredited by the American Psychological Association
Which of the following are the objectives of the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health?
to investigate non-mainstream healing practices in the context of rigorous science & to disseminate authoritative information to the public and professionals
Primary health care
treatment of high blood pressure by a physician
Which of the following are factors associated with escalating health care costs in the U.S.?
treatment of uninsured persons, an aging population, medical litigation
True or false: Prescription drugs and nursing home care are among the major cost categories for health care.
true
True or false: Through "awareness-raising" campaigns, the drug industry attempts to convince the public that pills offer physical and intellectual health and enhancement.
true
Which of the following are among the responsibilities of chiropractors?
using x-rays, taking medical histories & conduct clinical exams
