Ch. 13

Finn decides that, to spend less time being sick this year and more time working on himself, he'll take a vitamin C supplement every day to keep colds away. A review of 72 research papers found that supplementing with 200mg of vitamin C daily reduced the incidents of colds by what percent?

3%

Deficiencies in water-soluble vitamins are generally slower to develop than deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins.

False

Free radical vitamins prevent damage from antioxidants.

False

Peeling potatoes results in the loss of most of the vitamin content.

False

The Adequate Intake levels for vitamins indicates the amount that should not be exceeded.

False

The highest levels of vitamin C are found naturally in oranges.

False

Vitamin E found in supplements is the same as that found naturally occurring in food.

False

Vitamins are nonessential components of the diet.

False

Water-soluble vitamins cannot cause ill effects from overdose.

False

Cooking some vegetables increases the availability of beneficial vitamins.

True

Folate is especially important for women to consume before and early in pregnancy.

True

In general, water-soluble vitamins can be stored in the body only in small amounts.

True

Pellagra is caused by niacin deficiency.

True

Several vitamins serve as coenzymes in critical energy reactions.

True

Supplements can provide all vitamins but are not as beneficial overall as food sources.

True

The synthetic form of folate is better absorbed than naturally occurring form.

True

True of False. Eating nutrient-rich fruits and vegetables will help Finn's mood. It has been found that some vitamins play a role in behavior and mood.

True

Vitamin D3 is manufactured from a form of cholesterol in skin cells upon exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun.

True

For a quick minute Finn thinks about buying large amounts of vitamins and taking a whole bottle every day to get the maximum nutrition. Before he empties his bank account on this idea he stops himself. He thinks to himself that too much of a good thing is, in fact, too much of a good thing. If that worked, then everyone would do it and no one would have weight or health problems. What is the name assigned to the max amount of a vitamin or mineral a person should not exceed for the sake of their health?

UL

Now that Finn has an understanding of inflammation's role in weight and health, antioxidants and free radicals, he looks to see what foods provide the antioxidant vitamins. Nuts, seeds, vegetable oils, whole grains, wheat germ and green leafy vegetables would all be good sources of which of the 3 antioxidant vitamins?

Vitamin E

Three vitamins in particular - beta-carotene (a precursor to vitamin A), vitamin C and vitamin E are grouped together as types of vitamins that prevent or repair damage to components of cells caused by exposure to oxidizing chemical substances. Foods with these nutrients may be particularly effective in helping Finn to feel better sooner. Are these 3 vitamins antioxidants or free radicals?

antioxidants

Overdosing on _____ can cause skin to turn yellow-orange.

beta-carotene

Which of the following substances is considered a precursor to a vitamin A?

beta-carotene

Vitamin C is required for _____.

building collagen

Sufficient amounts of vitamin E may help prevent .

cataracts

Which compound listed below is a bogus vitamin?

coenzyme Q10

Chemical substances that activate enzymes and assist in the conversion of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into energy are called _____.

coenzymes

Finn may have been suffering nutrient deficiencies long before he had a change in his appearance. In addition to the physical signs and symptoms of vitamin deficiency, what are some behavioral signs and symptoms of deficiency that often precede the physical symptoms?

depression irritability paranoia poor appetite reduced attention span

Storing fruit by _____ causes the greatest loss of vitamin C.

drying

The main naturally rich food source for vitamin D is _____.

fish

Since 1998, grain products have been fortified with which vitamin in an effort to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects?

folic acid

Chemical substances that are missing an electron and are prone to oxidizing nearby atoms are called _____.

free radicals

Insufficient vitamin A interferes with _____.

replacement of worn-out cells

Which food has the highest amount of vitamin E per serving (based on serving sizes used in the article)?

spinach

The leading cause of blindness in most developing countries is _____.

vitamin A deficiency

Nuts are a good source of _____.

vitamin E

Long-term use of antibiotics can result in a _____ deficiency.

vitamin K

Food storage method does not seem to impact the level of _____ in fruits.

vitamin b12

Chemical substances that perform specific functions in the body, such as serving as coenzymes, are called _____.

vitamins