ch 13: eyes

pupil accommodation

change in size of pupil to allow in varying levels of light

visual changes

changes in vision

Which test result should a nurse recognize as indicating normal peripheral vision for a client using the confrontation test?

client and examiner see the examiner's finger at the same time.

cataract

clouding of the lens of the eye

risk factors: eye conditions

conditions that could affect eye and vision

extraocular muscles

control eye movement

Bulbular Conjunctiva

covers only the white of the eye, not the cornea

Strambismus

crossed eyes

leading cause of blindess in the middle and older adult

diabetic retinopathy

-ptosis

drooping OF ONE EYE

inferior oblique

elevates eye and turns it laterally (EYEROLL)

superior rectus

elevates eye and turns it medially

inferior rectus

eye looks down

The cover test is used to assess for:

eye muscle weakness

asthenopnia

eye strain, associated w near vision

risk factors: eye health

eyes may reflect serious health problmes

risk factors: eye surgery

focus on eye or facial surgeries ehich can change eye structure

rapid assessment of the eye involves assesing for

foreign bodies lacerations hyphema gradual vision loss

visual impairments affect the older adult's ?

functional capacity, driving, activities, risk of falling

african americans are at a higher risk for impaired vision from

glaucoma

macula

greatest concentration of cones

Before eye exams, what should be ensured?

hand hygeiene

The Snellen chart tests distant visual acuity by seeing .

how far the client can read the letters standing 20 feet from the chart

presbyopia

impaired vision as a result of aging

visual field divided into

inferior, superior, left and rigtht

Reasons for jaundice

inflammation of the liver (hepatitis) commonly caused by a virus, certain blood disease in which red blood cells are rapidly destroyed, immaturity of the liver

orbital socket of the cranium protects

internal structures of eye

Intraocular structures

involved in vision directly

esotropia

inward turning of the eye

color vision uses

ishihara cards

vitreous humor

jellylike substance found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape

A client frequently experiences dry, irritated eyes. These findings are consistent with a problem in what part of the eye?

lacrimal apparatus

Subconjuctival hemorrhages are caused by ____

leakage of blood outside vessels

A client complains of feeling like he is slowly losing his central vision. The nurse knows this symptom could represent

macular degeneration

the white sclera helps

maintain size and shape of the eye

assessment of eye

medical history surgeries eye health ( examinations) corrective lenses lifestyle allergies/medications family HX

choroids

middle, vascular layer of the eye

lateral rectus

moves eye laterally

medial rectus

moves eye medially

ptosis + fixed pupil

neurological dmage

fixed pupils

nonreactive pupils that do not constrict in response to a bright light

aqueous humor in posterior chamber

nourishes cornea and lens

floaters

one or more spots that appear to drift or float across the visual field

palpebral fissure

opening between eyelids

exotropia

outward turning of the eye, away from the nose

pain

pain in the eye is not normal

conjuctivitis

pink eye

pupilllary light reflex

pupils constrict upon light exposure, should happen to both

PERRLA

pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation

mystagmus

rapid involuntary eye movements

retina

recieves and transmits visual stimuli for the brain to process

Lens (behind pupil)

refracts and focuses light on the retina

retina contains photoreceptors called

rods and cones MAKE VISION POSSIBLE

superior oblique

rotates the eye downward and away from the midline

iris regulates

the amount of light entering the eye

visual fields

the area an individual can see when looking straight ahead

vitreous chamber

the large inner cavity of the eyeball, filled with vitreous humor

lacrimal apparatus

the structures that produce, store, and remove tears

pupil opens and closes

to permit light to enter the eye

anisocoria

unequal pupil size

the eye is the sensory organ of

vision

Sclera

white of the eye

jaundice

yellowing of the skin

Jeager test

14 in, near vision, commonly used for older adults

A client in the clinic where you work is considered legally blind. The nurse knows that this means the vision in his better eye, corrected by glasses, is what?

20/200

pupil size ranges from

3-5 mm

What would the nurse expect to assess when examining the eyes of a client who reports a history of severe allergies?

Areas of dryness

Which technique by the nurse demonstrates proper use of the ophthalmoscope?

Asks the client to fix the gaze upon an object and look straight ahead

what nerves innervate and control motor activities of the eye

CN 3, 4, 6

A nurse shines a light into one eye during ocular exam and the pupil of the other constricts. The nurse interprets this as which of the following?

Consensual response

always examine infected eye

LAST to avoid infecting healthy eye

Extraocular structures

Support and protect Eyelids Palpebral fissure Limbus Conjunctiva Lacrimal apparatus

top and bottom number of the snellen test

The top number is how far the client is from the chart and the bottom number refers to the last line the client can read

When preparing to examine a client's sclera and conjunctiva during an eye examination, the nurse should instruct the client to move both eyes to look in which direction?

UP

exophthalmos

abnormal protrusion of the eyeball

pupillary fixation

abnormal, they fail to respond to light stimulation

vision problems are the second most prevalent health issue in the

aging adult

avuscular cornea

allows light rays to enter the eye

Cardinal fields of gaze test

assesses eye muscle strength and cranial nerve function

anterior chamber of eye

between cornea and iris, contains aqueous humor

posterior chamber of the eye

between iris and lens, filled with aqueous humor

acute glaucoma may be caused by

blockage of fluid between iris and cornea EMERGENCYYY

hyphema

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye

limbus

border between cornea and sclera

leading causes of blindness and impaired vision in the US

cataracts, diabettic retinopathy, glaucoma