CH 13 Notes
Which of the following is NOT one of Dodge's fix steps in social information processing?
Demanding social cues
Mr.Stooker's class, students are expected to listen attentively and take notes as he lectures. This is an example of the _________________ approach to education.
Direct Instruction
Haidt believes that moral thinking is often an ____________ gut reaction, not a deliberate one.
Intuitive
Members of which TWO of the following groups are MOST likely to be enrolled in academic college preparatory programs?
Non-Latino Whites; Asian Americans
_________ reasoning is the highest level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
Postconventional
Riana and Laura are talking to their boyfriends and going out over the weekend together. This is an example of ___________ talk.
Rapport
As children move through middle and later childhood:
The size of their peer group increases; peer interaction is less closely supervised by adults
Moral exemplars are people who have moral:
Character; identity; virtues
______ reasoning is the second, or intermediate, level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
Conventional
And which of the following wasted Kohlberg formulate his theory of moral development?
He interview children giving them theoretical moral dilemmas to solve
According to advocates of No Child Left Behind, what are the positive effects of the legislation?
Increased teaching time for subjects covered in the tests; Improved student performance; High expectations for all students; Ability to identify poorly performing, teach, and students
In terms of peer status, ___________ children are seldom nominated by others and are actively disliked by their peers.
Rejected
Compared with schools in higher income area schools in low income areas are more likely to encourage ________ learning.
Rote
Donna perceives herself as a good person she has a high ____________.
Self-esteem
In terms of developmental changes in peer interaction, children's preference for same-sex peer groups increases until the age of:
12
Studies have shown that insecure attachment is likely to result in greater _________ during middle and late childhood.
Anxiety
Social conventional reasoning asserts that conventional rules are:
Arbitrary and cannot be changed by consensus
According to the latest distinction in domain theory, some actions belong to a personal and __________ governed by moral strictures or social norms.
Are not
There is nothing particularly our usual about Romon he gets along pretty well with most of his classmates he has liked and disliked by an equal amount of peers in terms of peer status Roman can be described as a _______ child.
Average
Which of the following statements are accurate regarding gender differences in emotion?
Boys are less likely to show self-regulation girls; girls are better at reading others emotions
The term __________ refers to verbal or physical behavior intended to disturb someone less powerful.
Bullying
In contrast to Kohlberg's this perspective Gilligan's ______ perspective views people in their moral reasoning in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication relationships with others and concern for others.
Care
Moral ________ involves having the willpower desires and integrity to stand up to pressure overcome distractions and disappointments in the behave morally
Character
Moral _________ Involves having the willpower desires in integrity to stand up to pressure overcome distractions and disappointments and behave morally.
Character
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding emotional development in middle and late childhood?
Children in middle and late childhood do not understand that more than one emotion can be experienced in a particular situation
Which of the following types of children tend to get bullied?
Children who are agressive; children who are lonely; children who are anxious and socially withdrawn
"I am a good football player" is a statement that refers to a person self-________.
Concept
In the ____________ approach to education, children are encouraged to actively explore their world and discover knowledge and understanding with guidance from their teacher.
Constructivist
In terms of peer status, the _______ Child is frequently nominated both someone's best friend and as being disliked.
Controversial
In Ms. Ahmed's eight grade class, the students work collaboratively in groups to discover knowledge, reflect, and think critically about different topics. Ms. Ahmed is most likely using the ________ approach to education.
Contructivist
During middle and late childhood, some control is transferred from parent to child. The gradual process produces what is referred to as ___________.
Coregulation
Which type of bullying is a new source of concern?
Cyber bullying
The _____________ ____________ approach to education is a structured, teacher centered approach that is characterized by teacher direction and control, high teacher expectations for student progress, and maximum time spent by students on academic tasks.
Direct instruction
Which of the following are contemporary approaches to student learning?
Direct instruction; constructivist
Self-esteem reflects perceptions that ____________ reality.
Do not always match
In the ________ Theory of moral development children and adolescents moral, social conventional, and personality knowledge and reasoning emerge from their attempts to understand and deal with different forms of social experience.
Domain
The likelihood that a child will face problems following a disaster depends on factors such as the nature and severity of the trauma. Researchers use the term __________ to describe this correlation.
Dose-response effects
Reguarding the relationship between self-esteem and school performance, which statements are TRUE?
Efforts to increase self-esteem do not necessarily lead to improved school performance; there are moderate correlations between self-esteem and school performance
Which of the following are three research areas of socioemotional development in which gender similarities and differences have been studied extensively?
Emotion; Agression; Prosocial behavior
Kohlberg argued that family processes are __________ in children's moral development.
Essentially unimportant
When Jeremy tells himself that he is a good person, he is reflecting self-__________________; when he tells himself that he is good at math, he is reflecting on self-____________.
Esteem; Concept
Presocial behavior occurs more often in childhood that adolescence. T/F
False
According to Kohlberg, the postconventional level of moral reasoning is associated with __________ internalization.
Full
Self-esteem refers to _________ self evaluations, whereas self-concept refers to the domain- ____________ evaluations.
Global; Specific
Eleven-year-old Meagan has some doubts about Ian's claim that he is the smartest student in the school. This is likely due to:
Her increased skepticism regarding others' claims
Which of the following are the two stages in Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning?
Individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange; Heteronomous morality, or punishment and obedience orientation
Which of Erik Erikson's stages typically occurs during middle to late childhood?
Industry versus Inferiority
Behaving in a manner that violates one moral identity places the _____________ of the self at risk.
Integrity
_____________ in friendships is characterized by self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts.
Intimacy
In a diverse fourth-grade classroom, children are divided into collaborative learning groups in which each group has to construct a different part of a project to reach a common goal. This is an example of a ___________ classroom.
Jigsaw
Older children should be able to cope with stress by appraising a stressful situation and determine how much control they have over it as well as all of the following. Select all that apply.
Know how to reframe the situation; Shifting their thought to something that is less stressful; Know how to change their perception of the situation
Developmental psychologists have come to Melisa's classroom and are asking all the children to fill out surveys asking them whom they like the best in the class and whom they like the least. This technique is:
Known as the sociometric status technique
The theorist who developed a theory of moral development that involved six stages was:
Kohlberg
Regarding the development of mental and physical disorders which statements are true?
Men are more likely than women to develop physical disorders; Men are more likely than women to develop mental disorders
Researchers have focused attention on which THREE possible components of moral personality?
Moral identity; moral character; moral exemplars
According to the domain theory, a rule reguarding which fork to use when eating a salad is an example of social conventional reasoning, but a rule about murder is an example of:
Moral reasoning
_______________ focuses on ethical issues in rules of right and wrong:
Moral reasoning
In terms of peer status a(n) __________ Child is seldom nominated as a best friend but is not actively dislike.
Neglected
According to Kohlberg, Preconventional reasoning is characterized by _______ internalization.
No
Developmentalists have distinguished five ___________ Statuses: popular, average neglected, rejected, and controversial.
Peer
Kohlberg argued that which of the following factors are the most important influences on a child's movement through the moral stages?
Peer interaction; perspective taking; experience in dealing with moral questions
The term __________ refers to the ability to assume other people's points of view and understand their thoughts and feelings.
Perspective taking
_________ reasoning is the lowest level of moral reasoning, according to Kohlberg.
Preconventional
In terms of __________ behavior, taking on another's perceptive improves a child's likelihood of understanding and sympathizing with others when they are distressed or in need.
Prosocial
Which of the following techniques should adults us to help children cope with the stress of devastating events?
Reassure children of their safety and security; allow retelling of events; protect children from reexposure to frightening situations and reminders of the trauma
Which of the following are aspects of the development of the self in middle and late childhood?
References to a social group; psychological traits; psychological characteristics
The development of self-_________ or management in middle and late childhood allows the development of social competence and achievement to occur.
Regulation
10-year-old Alexis and her friend Chloe have been spreading untrue rumors Around school about their class made ginger because they were offended when Ginger declined to join their group. this is an example of _______________ _______________.
Relational aggression
Katie is giving her classmates direction to the study group, this is an example of ____________ talk.
Report
According to Dodge, which of the following are steps in processing information about the social world?
Select optimal response; Interpret; Search for a responce; enact
Between the ages of 8 and 11, children's description of themselves become more psychological and less concrete, demonstrating the development of:
Self-understanding
Moral character involves which of the following components?
Showing dependability loyalty and conscientiousness; overcoming distractions and disappointed; having the integrity to stand up to pressure
As children develop their sense of self in middle and late childhood, they are increasingly likely to define themselves in terms of ________ groups or alliances. For example, a boy might describe himself as a cup scout.
Social
In middle and late childhood, the development of which of the following provides children with information about their peers and peer relationships?
Social cognition
________ focuses on rules that have been established by consensus in order to control behavior and maintain the social systems.
Social conventional reasoning
Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning includes two stages: interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity is one: ____________ _____________ mortality is other.
Social systems
_____________ popularity status is often used to study peer status. It typically involves asking children to identify peers whom they are like the best and the least.
Sociometric
Which of the following are the three most common types of step family structures?
Stepmother; stepfather; blended
Five year old Billy should like to roughhouse and play with trucks while his twin sister Becky is supposed to be kind to others and enjoy playing with dolls these are example of gender:
Stereotypes
Developing advantageous friends are socially skilled, oriented toward academic achievement and:
Supportive
Comer's approach to improving relationships among ethically diverse students is to view the school and community as a _____________, where both work together to educate children.
Team
Comer's approach to improving relationships among ethnically diverse students is to view the school and community as a ___________, where both work together and educate children.
Team
Which of the following are TRUE regarding features of the brain in women and men?
The female brain is smaller than the male brain; The female brain has more folds and more surface brain tissue than the male brain
According to Kohlberg people in the conventional reasoning stage of moral development abide by:
The standards of others
According to Kohlberg, people in the conventional reasoning stage of moral development abide by:
The standards of others
Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning has been criticized because moral reasons can sometimes hide immoral behavior and:
The theory of moral reasoning is based on what people self-report rather than what they actually do.
Itzak believes that every human being has the right to freedom, self-expression, and dignity. He has visited countries where these values are not supported, and he hopes to work to advance the cause of human rights. This reflects which stage of Kohlberg's post conventional level of moral reasoning?
The universal ethical principles stage
Major criticism of Kohlberg's theory is that:
There is a difference between moral thought and moral behavior
Kohlberg believes that the give and take among peers give children and opportunity to identify the perspective of another person. T/F
True
In contrast to Kohlberg's perspective, Gilligan developed a __________ perspective in reguard to moral reasoning.
care
In a two-year longitudinal study (Wentzel, Barry, & Caldwell, 2004), researchers found that the sixth-grade students who did not have a friend:
engaged in less prosocial behavior; had lower grades; were more emotionally distressed
Which of the following or criticisms of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
he did not adequately take the influences of culture and family into account; he based his theory on hypothetical moral situations, which is not the same as moral
In middle school and late childhood, secure attachment is associated with which of the following?
lower levels of anxiety; lower level of internalized symptoms; lower levels of depression
The role of parents as managers involves:
monitoring and encouraging; setting up routines and schedules; structuring the family environment
The study of ___________ behavior puts more emphasis on the behavior aspects of moral development.
prosocial
Dr.Johnson is interested in children that involve trying to make others dislike someone by spreading malicious rumors about them. She is interested in the research area of ______________ agression, which occurs among _____________.
relational; girls
The disipline situation between parents and children ages 5 to 12 typically involves:
removal of privileges for the child; appeals to the child's self-esteem; statements that the child is responsible for his or her actions
The term __________ _________ refers to global evaluations of the self; it is also called self-worth or self-image.
self-esteem
According to a longitudinal research, the moral stages appeared _________than Kohlberg initially envisioned.
somewhat later
In a national survey, one out of _______sixth-to tenth-grade students reported being bullied or participating in bullying.
three
