Ch 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes
Reflexes based on synapses formed during development are ______ reflexes. A visceral B innate C acquired D somatic E vegetative
B innate
The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly A Sensory nuclei B somatic motor nuclei C autonomic motor nuclei D nerve tracts E sympathetic nuclei
A Sensory nuclei
The layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual axons within a peripheral nerve is termed the A. endoneurium B. perineurium C. aproneurium D. metaneurium E. subneurium
A endoneurium
If a person has a crush injury to the C3-C5 spinal segments, you would expect that he A might be unable to breathe on his own B could walk without difficulty C would have full range of motion in all extremities D would be in a coma E would have difficulty chewing and moving the tongue
A might be unable to breathe on his own
The obturator nerve is distributed to the A. adductors of the hip B. skin over the perineum C. extensors of the hip D. skin over buttocks E. biceps femoris
A. adductors of the hip
The ventral root of a pinal nerve contains A. axons of motor neurons B. axons of sensory neurons C. cell bodies of motor neurons D. cell bodies of sensory neurons E. interneurons
A. axons of motor neurons
A viral disease that destroys the cells of the anterior gray horn will A. lead to skeletal muscle weakness or paralysis B. interfere with position sense C. mainly interfere with crude touch and temperature sense D. block autonomic regulation E. affect visceral motor function
A. lead to skeletal muscle weakness or paralysis
The layer of connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle within a peripheral nerve is the A. perineurium B. epineurium C. endoneurium D. epimysium E. endosteum
A. perineurium
The outward projections from the central gray matter of the spinal cord, seen easily in microscopic spinal cord cross sections, are called A wings B horns C pyramids D fibers E tracts
B horns
The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains A. axons of motor neurons B. axons of sensory neurons C. Cell bodies of motor neurons D. cell bodies of sensory nuerons E. interneurons
B. axons of sensory neurons
The _____ is a strand of fibrous tissue that provides longitudinal support to the spinal cord as a component of the coccygeal ligament A. conus medullaris B. filum terminale C. cauda equina D. dorsal root E. ventral root
B. filum terminale
Each of the following nerves originates in the lumbar plexus except the _____ nerve. A saphenous B. sciatic C. femoral D. obturator E. genitofemoral
B. sciatic
The anterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly A sensory nuclei B somatic motor nuclei C autonomic motor nuclei D nerve tracts E sympathetic nuclei
B. somatic motor nuclei
Cerebralspinal fluid flows within the A filum terminale B. subarachnoid space C. dura mater D. pia mater E. arachnoid mater
B. subarchnoid space
In the spinal cord, white matter is separated into ascending and descending tracts organized as A nuceli B ganglia C columns D nerves E horns
C columns
In an adult, the conus medullaris is found at about A. T6 B. T10 C. L1 D. L5 E. C1
C. L1
Spinal nerves are A. purely sensory B. purely motor C. both sensory and motor D. interneuronal E. involuntary
C. both sensory and motor
The spinal cord is part of the ______ nervous system. A. peripheral B. somatic C. central D. autonomic E. afferent
C. central
The though, fibrous, outermost covering of the spinal cord is the _____. A. arachnoid B. pia mater C. dura mater D. epidural block E. Periosteum
C. dura mater
In the condition _________, a virus infects dorsal root ganglia, causing a painful rash whose distribution corresponds to that of the affected sensory nerves as seen in their deramtomes. A. myasthenia gravis B. neuronal damage C. shingles D. chickenpox E. Hodgkin's disease
C. shingles
The specialized membranes that surround the spinal cord are termed the A. cranial meninges B. cranial mater C. spinal meninges D. spinal mater E. epidural membranes
C. spinal meninges
A dorsal and ventral root of each spinal segment unite to form a A. cervical enlargement B. lumbar enlargement C. spinal nerve D. spinal meninx E. spinal ganglion
C. spinal nerve
The subdural space lies between A. the arachnoid mater and the pia mater B. the pia mater and the dura mater C. the dura mater and th arachnoid mater D. the pia mater and the subarachnoid space E. the endosteum and the periosteum
C. the dura mater and the arachnoid mater
Axons crossing from one side of the spinal cord to the other within the gray matter are found in the A anterior gray horns B lateral gray horns C posterior gray horns D gray commissures E white commissures
D Gray commissures
Which of the following is not true about a positive Babinski reflex? A normal in newborns B abnormal in adults C a sign of injury to descending spinal tracts D why you close your eyes when you sneeze E flaring of the toes when the sole is stroked
D why you close your eyes when you sneeze
After age ______, the vertebral column continues to elongate, but the spinal cord itself does not. A. 8 B. 12 C. 18 D. 4 E. 1
D. 4
The dorsal root ganglia mainly contain A. axons of motor neurons B. axons of sensory neurons C. cell bodies of motor neurons D. cell bodies of sensory neurons E. synapses
D. cell bodies of sensory neurons
Spinal nerves from the sacral region of the cord innervate the ______ muscles A. shoulder B. intercostal C. abdominal D. leg E. facial
D. leg
The white matter of the spinal cord is mainly A. unmyelinated axons B. neuroglia C. Schwann cells D. myelinated axons E. nonde of Ranvier
D. myelinated axons
The gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly A nerve tracts B columns C meninges D neuron cell bodies E. funiculi
D. neuron cell bodies
The _________ nerve, which arises in the cervical plexus, innervates the diaphragm A. ansa cervicalis B. lesser occipital C. radial D. phrenic E. sciatic
D. phrenic
the layer of the meninges in direct contact with the spinal cord is the ____. A. dura mater B. subarachnoid space C. arachnoid D. pia mater E. choroid plexus
D. pia mater
Samples of CSF for diagnostic purposes are normally obtained by placing the tip of a needle in the A. dura mater B. arachnoid mater C. epidural space D. subarachnoid space E. cerebral ventricles
D. subarachnoid space
The spinal cord consists of four regions and ______ segments. A. five B. twelve C. twenty five D. thirty-one E. the number varies widely among individuals
D. thirty-one
The ______ innervates the ventrolateral body surface, structures in the body wall and the limbs. A. white rami communicantes B. gray rami communicantes C. dorsal ramus D. ventral ramus E. dermatomes
D. ventral ramus
Nerve tracts of fasciculi make up the A central canal B posterior gray horns C gray commissures D white column E anterior gray horns
D. white columns
As the ______ nerve approaches the knee, it divides into two brances, the fibular nerve and the tibial nerve A perineal B femoral C brachial D pudendal E sciatic
E sciatic
In meningitis, A. inflammation of the meninges occurs B. bacteria can be the cause C. viruses can be the cause D. CSF flow can be disrupted E. All of the answers are correct
E. All of the answers are correct
The complex, interwoven network formed by contributions from the ventral rami of neighboring spinal nerves is termed a(n) A. dermatome B.. autonomic nerve C. lateral nerve D. tract E. plexus
E. plexus
If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed, A. output to skeletal muscles would be blocked B. output to visceral organs would be blocked C. the spinal cord would not be able to process information at that level. D. the brain would not be able to communicate with that level of the spinal cord E. sensory input would be blocked
E. sensory input would be blocked
Tina falls while clibing a tree and lands on her back. Her frightened parents take her to the emergency room, where she is examined. Her knee-jerk reflex is normal and she exhibits a plantar reflex (negative Babinski reflex). These results suggest that tina has A injured one of her descending nerve tracts B injured one of her ascending nerve tracts C a spinal injury in the lumbar region D a spinal injury in the cervical region E suffered no damage to her spinal cord
E. suffered o damage to her spinal cord