Ch 14 Endocrine System Test

"Sugar, salt, and sex" is descriptive of

cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone.

Which of the following hormones are found within the hypophyseal-hypothalamic portal capillaries?

Releasing hormones

What is the most critical need for the child with newly diagnosed cretinism?

Replacement dose of thyroid hormones

Which of the following is the response to low plasma levels of calcium?

Secretion of PTH

Which group is incorrect?

Steroids: cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, epinephrine

Insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, and oxytocin

are hormones.

The beta cells of the islets of Langerhans

are insulin-secreting pancreatic cells.

Which of the following is not controlled by a hypothalamic-releasing hormone?

ADH

Which gland is associated with "sugar, salt, and sex"?

Adrenal cortex

This adrenal cortical mineralocorticoid helps regulate salt and water balance.

Aldosterone

Insulin

All of the above are true.

Obesity

All of the above are true.

Which of the following is descriptive of prolactin?

Also called lactogenic hormone

Which gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone?

Anterior pituitary gland

Which of the following hormones exerts negative feedback control on the secretion of ACTH?

Cortisol

Identify the hormones that are secreted by these glands: adrenal cortex, pancreas, and adenohypophysis.

Cortisol, insulin, growth hormone

Which of the following is characterized by excess urine production resulting in low blood volume?

Diabetes insipidus

Which of the following is most likely to cause the secretion of calcitonin?

Elevated plasma calcium level

Which of the following suppress(es) the secretion of ACTH?

Elevated plasma cortisol levels

Which of the following are concerned with "sugar, salt, and sex"?

Glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgen

Which of the following is the most important effect of somatotropic hormone?

Growth of the musculoskeletal system

What is the stimulus for the release of insulin?

High plasma levels of glucose

Which group is incorrect?

Hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, prolactin, TSH, oxytocin

What two effects does PTH exert on the kidneys?

Increases calcium reabsorption and increases the excretion of phosphate in the urine

The hypersecretion of which hormone is least likely to cause hyperglycemia?

Insulin

Which of the following is a function of parathyroid hormone?

It increases plasma levels of calcium.

Which of the following is descriptive of the adrenal cortex?

It is the target gland of ACTH.

What is the most likely effect of a deficiency of aldosterone?

Low blood volume and hypotension

Which of the following best describes the function of insulin?

Lowers blood glucose levels

Which of the following is most responsive to treatment with thyroxine?

Myxedema

The secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. What is this interaction called?

Negative feedback control

The bones, kidneys, and intestine are target organs of this calcium-regulator hormone.

PTH

This hormone stimulates osteoclastic activity, causing bone resorption.

PTH

Which gland secretes two hormones, one that elevates blood glucose levels and another that decreases blood glucose levels?

Pancreas

Identify the glands that secrete these hormones: glucagon, PTH, and TSH.

Pancreas, parathyroid, anterior pituitary

Which of the following is not under the direct control of the pituitary gland?

Parathyroid secretion of PTH

This cone-shaped gland is located in the head and is called the "biological clock."

Pineal

Which gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with our biological rhythms?

Pineal gland

Which of the following structures connects the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis?

Portal capillaries

Which of the following is least descriptive of the hypothalamus?

Secretes ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins

Which of the following is true of the hypothalamus?

Secretes releasing hormones into the portal capillaries

Which of the following is least associated with the adrenal medulla?

Sugar, salt, and sex

Which of the following steroids is an androgen?

Testosterone

Why is the posterior pituitary gland called the neurohypophysis?

The posterior pituitary gland is an extension of the hypothalamus.

Iodine, colloid, and goiter refer to which gland?

Thyroid

ACTH stimulates the

adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol.

Portal capillaries carry releasing hormones from the brain to the

anterior pituitary gland.

Which of the following is true of both prolactin and oxytocin? Both

are concerned with lactation.

Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

are secreted by the gonads.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

are secreted by the neurohypophysis.

Insulin and glucagon

are secreted by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose.

A deficiency of dietary iodine

causes a goiter.

Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

control plasma levels of calcium.

Hypocalcemic tetany

develops in response to a deficiency of parathyroid activity.

Cushing syndrome and Addison's disease are

disorders of the adrenal cortex.

Myxedema, Graves' disease, and cretinism are

disorders of the thyroid gland.

Cretinism, myxedema, and Graves' disease are all

disorders of thyroid gland function.

The person with _____ is most likely to receive insulin therapy.

hyperglycemia

A deficiency of insulin causes

hyperglycemia.

Excess insulin is most apt to cause

hypoglycemia.

Catecholamines

include epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine.

Steroids

include the glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens.

A deficiency of ADH most likely

induces polyuria.

The only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels is

insulin.

Thyroxine

is T4.

Aldosterone

is a mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex.

Oxytocin

is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract, thereby assisting in labor.

The adrenal medulla

is associated with the fight-or-flight response.

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

is called a goiter.

A benign tumor of the adrenal medulla

is called a pheochromocytoma.

Bronzing

is characteristic of chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency (Addison's disease).

The anterior pituitary gland

is connected to the hypothalamus by the portal capillaries.

TSH

is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

Insulin

is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans.

Glucagon

is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose.

The neurohypophysis

is the posterior pituitary gland.

The adrenal cortex

is the target gland of ACTH.

Hypocalcemic tetany

may be caused by a deficiency of PTH.

Cushing syndrome

may be caused by steroid (prednisone) therapy.

Hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polyuria, and acidosis are

most apt to be caused by a deficiency of insulin.

Iodine is

necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.

Excessive eating despite plenty of glucose in the blood is called

polyphagia

Glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, and epinephrine

raise blood glucose levels.

The adenohypophysis

refers to the anterior pituitary gland.

T3 and T4

regulate the basal metabolic rate (BMR).

Iodine-containing hormones

regulate the metabolic rate.

The islets of Langerhans

secrete insulin and glucagon.

T3, T4, and calcitonin are

secreted by the thyroid gland.

The adrenal medulla

secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

PTH

stimulates osteoclastic activity.

Lactogenic hormone

stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk.

As plasma levels of calcium decrease

the parathyroid glands secrete an osteoclastic hormone.

Testosterone is best described as

virilizing.