ch 14 study

the sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following?

a. somatic division b. craniosacral division c. resting division d. thoracolumbar division e. both somatic division and craiosacral division answer: d

identify two major divisions of the ANS

a. somatic division and sympathetic division b. somatic division and parasympathetic division c. enteric division and the central division d. central division and sympathetic division e. sympathetic division and parasympathetic division answer: e

identify somatic effectors and visceral effectors

a. somatic is skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle and smooth muscles. visceral is glands and adipose tissue b. somatic is glands and adipose tissue. visceral is skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles c. somatic is smooth muscle, cardia muscles, glands, and adipose tissue. visceral is skeletal muscles d. somatic is skeletal muscles. visceral is smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, glands and adipose tissue answer: d

what type of neuron of the parasympathetic division exists the brain stem?

a. somatic motor neuron b. preganglionic neuron c. sensory neuron d. ganglionic neuron e. astrocytes answer: b

intramural ganglia in the large intestine, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs are innervated by the ______ nerves

a. spinal b. splanchnic c. ciliary d. pelvic e. collateral answer: d

almost 75 percent of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the _____ nerves

a. splanchnic b. facial c. vagus d. glossopharyngeal e. trigeminal answer: c

preganglionic fibers that innervate the collateral ganglia form the

a. suprarenal medulla b. celiac ganglia c. sympathetic chain ganglia d. inferior mesenteric ganglia e. splanchnic nerves answer: e

which of the following visceral reflexes is not coordinated by the medulla oblongata

a. swallowing reflex b. baroreceptor reflex c. coughing reflex d. cardioacceleratory reflex e. pupillary reflex answer: e

the _______ division of the ANS is known as the "rest and digest" division

a. sympathetic b. parasympathetic c. thoracolumbar d. visceral e. somatomotor answer: b

a person is confronted by a dangerous dog. his heart begins to race and beat strongly, his pupils dilate, and his hairs stand up. these signs are not the result of

a. sympathetic activation b. increased levels of epinephrine in the blood c. increased activity of autonomic centers in the hypothalamus d. stimulation of the cardioacceleratory e. stimulation of the pancreas to release insulin answer: e

name the two types of motor pathways

a. sympathetic and parasympathetic b. sensory and somatosensory c. somatic and visceral d. peripheral visceral e. external and internal answer: c (somatic=skeletal muscles, visceral= the other stuff)

two terms that both refer to internal organs

a. sympathetic and parasympathetic b. viscera and somatic c. splanchnic and ganglionic d. splanchnic and viscera e. somatic and preganglionic answer: d

control of the diameter of the respiratory passages depends upon

a. sympathetic only b. parasympathetic stimulation only c. somatomotor stimulation only d. both parasympathetic and sympathetic levels stimulation e. sensory receptors sensitive to change in lung ventilation answer: d

in general, autonomic tone of peripheral blood vessels increase when

a. sympathetic stimulation is increased b. sympathetic stimulation is decreased c. parasympathetic stimulation is increased d. parasympathetic stimulation is decreased e. somatomotor stimulation is increased answer: a

what brain structure is considered to be the headquarters of the ANS?

a. thalamus b. hypothalamus c. midbrain d. pons e. medulla oblongata answer: hypothalamus

what brain structure relays somatosensory information

a. thalamus b. hypothalamus c. midbrain d. pons e. medulla oblongata answer: a

preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic neurons are present in all of the following cranial nerves except

a. III b. VII c. IX d. X e. XII answer: e

define visceral reflex

a. a slow, calculate response of the spinal cord following exposure to a single specific somatic stimulus b. a slow, calculated response of the spinal cord following repeat ed exposure to specific somatic stimuli c. an autonomic reflex, initiated in the viscera. it can be modified, facilitated, or inhibited by higher centers, especially those in the hypothalamus d. an autonomic response to a somatic stimulus that is controlled in the spinal cord and can function without input from the brain answer: c

what neurotransmitter is released by all parasympathetic neurons?

a. acetylcholine b. epinephrine c. norepinephrine d. dopamine e. serotonin answer: a

post ganglionic sympathetic axons release the neurotransmitter ___________ at their effector junctions

a. acetylcholine b. nitric oxide c. norepinephrine d. acetylcholine or nitric oxide or norepinephrine e. none of the answers is correct answer: d

an inhaler used to treat airway constriction in asthma or allergy might contain a drug that

a. activated. beta 1 adrenergic receptors b. activated beta 2 adrenergic receptors c.blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors d. activated beta 1 or beta 2 adrenergic receptors e. activated beta 2 adrenergic receptors or blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors answer: e

a neuron with nicotinic receptors is exposed to acetylcholine. this will not lead to

a. activation of chemically gated ion channels b. excitation of the neuron c. the entry of sodium ion d. binding of the nicotine to the channel e. activation of muscarinic receptors answer:d

autonomic tone is an important aspect of ANS function because it

a. allow ANS neuron to be silent under normal conditions b. allows ANS neurons to increase activity on demand but not decrease their activity c. allows ANS neurons to increase activity on demand but not increase their activity d. allows ANS neurons to increase or decrease their activity, providing a range of control options e. provides for a narrow range of control option that keeps target tissues constantly active answer: d (common sense heller)

the stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors does not lead to

a. an increase in metabolic activity b. relaxation of airway smooth muscles c. the break down of triglyceride within adipocytes d. cardiac muscle stimulation e. release of calcium from the ER answer: e

stimulation of alpha 1 adrenergic receptors by norepinephrine result in

a. an increase in the amount of intracellular cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) b. a decrease in the amount of intracellular cAMP c. decrease membrane permeability sodium ion d. release of calcium ions from intracellular stores e. increased membrane permeability to potassium ions answer: d

a decreased in the autonomic tone of the smooth muscles in a blood vessel would result in

a. an increase in vessel diameter b. a decrease in vessel diameter c. oscillation in vessel diameter d. an increase in blood flow through the vessel e. both an increase in vessel diameter and an increase in blood flow through the vessel answer: e

ganglionic neurons in the adrenal gland

a. are located in the adrenal cortex b. release acetylcholine into blood capillaries c. release epinephrine into blood capillaries d. have no known functions e. are modified and can't release neurotransmitters answer: c

muscarinic receptors

a. are normally activated by acetylcholine b. are found mostly in autonomic ganglia c. always produce an excitatory respond d. controls sodium channels in the affected membrane e. are blocked by norepinephrine answer: a

which type of receptor is sensitive to changes in blood pH

a. baroreceptors b. propriorecptors c. photoreceptors d. chemoreceptors e. mechanoreceptors answer: d

name the plexuses innervated by the vagus nerve

a. brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses b. sacral and pelvic plexuses c. cardiac, celiac, inferior mesenteric, and hypogastric plexuses d. cervical cardiopulmonary, celiac, and sacral plexuses e. cervical, celiac, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses answer: C

ganglionic neurons usually synapse with preganglionic neurons in the ________ and have axons that innervate ___________.

a. brain; visceral effectors b. autonomic ganglia; visceral effectors c. visceral effectors; autonomic ganglia d. visceral effectors; brain e. brain; spinal cord answer: b

autonomic motor neurons

a. cause general relaxation b. general excitation c. conduct impulses from sensory receptors d. conduct impulses to skeletal muscles e. conduct impulses to smooth and cardiac muscles and glands answer: e

the sympathetic collateral ganglia include all of the following except the

a. celiac b. superior mesenteric c. inferior mesenteric d. lumbar e. none of the answers is correct answer: d

sympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder is by way of the ____ ganglion

a. celiac b. superior mesenteric c. inferior mesenteric d. pudendal e. pelvic answer: c

sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers that innervate the heart pass through the

a. celiac plexus b. hypogastric plexus c. cardiac plexus d. pterygopalatine ganglia e. otic ganglia answer: c

which brain area is considered to be the headquarters of the ANS?

a. cerebral cortex b. thalamus c. limbic system d. hypothalamus e. brain stem answer: d

the integrative centers for autonomic activity are located in the

a. cerebrum b. pons c. thalamus d. hypothalamus e. medulla oblongata answer: d

neurons that use norepinephrine as a transmitter is called

a. cholinergic b. adrenergic c. nicotinic d. muscarinic answer: b

which of the following is not a parasympathetic ganglion

a. ciliary b. pterygopalatine c. submandibular d. otic e. celiac answer: E

drugs known as beta-blockers may be useful for treating

a. constipation b. diarrhea c. excessive salivation d. excessive heart rate e. depressive heart rate answer: d

mary accidentally are poisonous mushrooms that contain muscarine. what would not occur?

a. constriction of the pupils b. constriction of respiratory passageways c. diarrhea d. reduction in heart rate e. feeling of euphoria and increased energy answer: e (you have everything relaxed that's why)

which of the following is an example of parasympathetic visceral reflex?

a. defecation reflex b. cardioacceleratory reflex c. pupillary reflex d. ejaculation (in males) in response to tactile stimuli e. vasomotor reflex answer: a (making doodo)

baroreceptors are not found in the

a. digestive tract b. lungs c. colon d. aorta e. oral cavity answer: e

damage to the ventral roots of the first five thoracic spinal nerves on the right side of the body would interfere with the ability to

a. dilate the right pupil b. constrict the right pupil c. dilate the left pupil d. constrict the left pupil e. smile and frown answer: a

describe the ENS

a. division of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord b. division of the nervous system that involves sensory input only c. division of the nervous system that involves the voluntary movements of the skeletal muscle d. division of the nervous system that uses spinal reflexes to mediate changes in the effectors e. division of the nervous system consisting of a network of neurons and nerve in the walls of the digestive tract that primarily operates locally, without instructions from the CNS answer: E

during sympathetic activation, which of the following would not occur?

a. elevated heart rate b. elevated blood pressure c. increased sweating d. elevated blood glucose e. constriction of the pupil answer: e

which division of the ANS is responsible for the physiological changes you experience when startled by a loud noise?

a. enteric division of the ANS b. sympathetic division of the ANS c. parasympathetic division of the ANS d. central division of the ANS e. effector division of the ANS answer: b

the parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological states?

a. exertion b. trauma c. digestion d. stress e. all of the answers are correct answer: c

which of the following would be an example of higher-level control of autonomic function?

a. gagging on food that does not appeal to you b. a violent coughing attack in response to an irritant c. increased heart rate when you see a person you fear d. dilation of the pupils when you enter a dark room e. increased salivation when you smell food that appeals to you answer: c

which structure carries postganglionic fibers for distribution in the body wall and limbs?

a. gray ramus b. dorsal ramus c. spinal nerve d. white ramus e. ventral root answer: a

describe an intramural ganglion

a. group of neurons located near the brainstem b. group of neurons located near the spinal cord c. group of neurons located near the target organ d. group of neurons embedded in the tissues of the target organ e. group of neurons that release neurotransmitters that function as hormones into the general circulation answer: d !!! (SUPA CLOSE SISTA!)

injury to the cervical sympathetic ganglia would not affect the function of the

a. heart b. pupils c. salivary glands d. lungs e. lacrimal glands answer: e

injury to the neurons of a collateral ganglion would affect the function of the

a. heart b. pupils c. sweat glands d. digestive tracts e. arrectorpili muscles answer: d

compare the anatomy of the sympathetic division with that of the parasympathetic division

a. in the SNS, axons emerge from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia relatively close to the spinal cord. in the PNS, axons emerge from the brainstem and sacral segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia vey close to or within the target organ b. in the SNS, axons emerge from the brainstem and sacral segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia relatively close to the spinal cord. in the PNS, axons emerge from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia very close to or within the target organs answer: a

each of the following effects is associate with the action of postganglionic sympathetic fibers except :

a. increase sweat secretion b. reduced circulation to the skin c. decreased heart rate d. dilation of the pupils e. increased blood flow to skeletal muscles answer: c

which of the following would lead to increased heart rate?

a. increased sympathetic input b. decreased sympathetic input c. increased parasympathetic input d. decreased parasympathetic input e. both increased sympathetic input and decreased parasympathetic input answer: e

parasympathetic stimulation

a. increases heart rate b. increases gastric motility c. causes sweat glands to secrete d. causes blood vessels in the skin to dilate e. causes the pupil to dilate answer: b (becasue gastric motility is defined by the movements of the digestive system, and the transit of the contents within it)

clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons lying along either side of the spinal cord are called sympathetic ___________ ganglia

a. intramural b. collateral c. chain d. prevertebral e. suprarenal answer: c

clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate the organs in the abdominopelvic regions are called _______ ganglia

a. intramural b. collateral c. chain d. paravertebral e. suprarenal answer: b

specialized ganglionic sympathetic neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream are found within the

a. intramural ganglia b. collateral ganglia c. chain ganglia d. brain stem e. adrenal glands answer: e

postganglionic fibers that innervate target in the body wall or thoracic cavity originate on neurons within

a. intramural ganglia b. collateral ganglia c. sympathetic chain ganglia d. suprarenal ganglia e. white rami answer: c

which of the following is true for the craniosacral division?

a. it is also called the sympathetic division of the ANS b. it is also called the parasympathetic division of the ANS c. it is referred to the "fight or flight" division d. it is a division of the visceral sensory nervous system e. it is included solely in the PNS answer: b

describe solitary nuclei

a. large tracts of white matter that link the brain with spinal cord b. large tracts of white matter that relay sensory information to the cerebellum c. large masses of gray matter in the pons that control respiratory rhythmicity centers d. large masses of grey matter on each side of the medulla oblongata that serve as processing sorting centers for visceral sensory information e. large masses of gray matter of each side of the medulla oblongata that relay somatic info to the thalamus answer: d

preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are locate in the

a. lateral gray horns of the cervical cord b. anterior gray horns of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord c. lateral gray horns of segments of T1- L2 of the spinal cord d. anterior gray horns of segment T1- L2 of the spinal cord e. lateral gray horns of T1 to S2 of the spinal cord answer: c

as the result of an accident, the white rami of spinal nerves T1 and T2 on the left side of Brad's body are severed. what organ(s) would you expect might be affected by this injury?

a. left pupil b. right pupil c. heart d. left and right pupil e. left pupil and heart answer: E

the celiac ganglia do not innervate the

a. liver b. spleen c. stomach d. pancreas e. intestines answer: e

in general, parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are_______ and postganglionic fibers are _________

a. long; short b. short; long c. long; long d. short; short answer: a

in general, symapthetic preganglionic fibers are _______ and postganglionic fibers are _______

a. long; short b. short; long c. long; long d. short; short answer: b

define dual innervation

a. means that a given body system sends both sensory impulses and receives motor commands b. means that a given body system receives instruction form both the central and peripheral nervous system c. means that sensory neurons and motor neurons are present in the tissue d. means that a give body system has twice the amount of neural stimulation needed to produce an action e. means that a given body system receives instruction from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic division of the ANS answer: e

the adrenal medullae secrete

a. medullin b. epinephrine c. norepinephrine d. renin e. both ephinephrine and norepinephrine answer: e

define splanchnic nerves

a. nerves that innervate intramural ganglia in the walls of the kidney, urinary bladder, terminal portions of the large intestine, and sex organs. b. splanchnic nerves form nerve plexuses when they intermingle with branches of the vagus nerve similar to the nerve plexuses formed by spinal nerves innervating the limbs c. splanchnic nerves carry sacral parasympathetic output d. splanchnic nerves form a collection of three cervical sympathetic ganglia ( superior, middle, and inferior) e. splanchnic nerves and three groups of nerves- cardiopulmonary, abdominopelvic (greater, lesser, and lumbar), and pelvic (sacral)- that supply the viscera answer: e!!!!!!!

Sweat glands contain ________ receptors.

a. nicotinic cholinergic b. muscarinic cholinergic c. alpha d. beta e. both muscarinic cholinergic and beta answer: b

a certain drug decreases heart rate by blocking a receptor on cardiac pacemaker cells. this drug probably bind to __________- receptors

a. nicotinic cholinergic b. muscarinic cholinergic c. alpha 1 adrenergic d. alpha 2 adrenergic e. beta 1 adrenergic answer: e

compare nicotinic receptors and muscarinic receptors

a. nicotinic receptors are ACh receptors on the surface of sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglionic cells. muscarinic receptors are ACh G-protein coupled receptors located at all parasympathetic neuromuscular and neuroglandular junction, and at a few sympathetic neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions b. nicotinic receptors are ACH Gprotein couples receptors located at all parasympathetic neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions, and at a few sympathetic neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions. muscarinic receptors are ACh receptors on the surface of sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglionic cells answer: a

which neurotransmitter is released at the sympathetic chain ganglia?

a. norepinephrine b. dopamine c. acetylcholine d. endorphin e. all of the answers are correct answer: c

which nerve carries most of the parasympathetic outflow?

a. occulomotor b.facial c. glossopharyngeal d. vagus e. abducens answer: d

cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons of the ANS are located

a. only in the brain stem b. only in the lateral grey horns of the spinal cord c. only in the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord d. both in the brain stem in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord e. only in the anterior gray horns of the spinal cord answer: d

in which of the following organs are both chemoreceptors and baroreceptors associated with respiratory autonomic reflexes?

a. only lungs b. only aorta c. only carotid arteries d. both lungs and aorta e. both aorta and carotid arteries answer: e

most vital organs receive __________ innervation. that is, they receive input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

a. opposing b. complementary c. dual answer: c

splanchnic nerves

a. originate from the first-order neurons located in the upper five thoracic segments of the spinal cord b. consist of axon that synapse in collateral ganglia c. control sympathetic function of structure in the thorax d. connect chain ganglia e. are formed of parasympathetic fibers answer: b

chemoreceptors that play an important role in reflexive control of respiratory function are not affected by

a. pH b. PO2 c. PCO2 d. hydrogen ion concentration e. sodium ion concentration answer: e

preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on

a. postganglionic fibers b. visceral reflex responses c. motor neurons d. ganglionic neurons e. sensory neuron neurons answer: d

starting in the spinal cord, trace the path of a nerve impulse through the sympathetic ANS to its target organ in the abdominal cavity

a. pregalnionic neurons (T1-L2) - collateral ganglia - ganglionic neurons - visceral effectors in abdominopelvic cavity b. preganglionic neurons (S2- S4) - collateral ganglia - ganglionic neurons - visceral effectors in abdominopelvic cavity c. collateral ganglia - preganglionic neurons (T1-L2) - ganglionic neurons - visceral effectors in abdominopelvic cavity d. collateral ganglia - preganglionic neurons (S2-S4) - ganglionic neurons - visceral efectors in abdominopelvic cavity e. ganglionic neurons - preganglionic neurons (T1-L2) - collateral ganglia - visceral effecotors in abdominopelvic cavity answer: a!!!!

which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false?

a. preganglionic neurons are located in the brainstem and sacral region of he spinal cord b. ganglionic neurons are located in ganglia within or near to effectors c. preganglionic fibers are relatively short and post ganglionic fibers are relatively long d. the action of the parasympathetic division are more localized than those of the sympathetic division e. the ganglionic neurons always release acetylcholine answer: c

sympathetic nerves

a. provoke feelings of sympathy b. allow us to relax, rest, and recover c. are bundles of postganglionic fibers that innervate organs within the thoracic cavity d. control swallowing e. stimulate gastric secretion answer: c

preganglionic fibers of parasympathertic pelvis nerves synapse on neurons located within ___________ ganglia

a. pterygopalatine b. ciliary c. coccygeal d. inferior mesenteric e. intramural answer: e

parasympathetic functions include all of the following except

a. reduction in the rate of cardiac contraction b. constriction of the pupils c. dilation of the airways d. stimulation of urination e. stimulation of defacation answer: c

stimulation of the neurons in the celiac ganglion would lead to

a. relaxation of the urniary sphincter b. increased heart rate c. hydrolysis of liver glycogen reserves d. activation of ventral sweat glands e. increased gastric mobility answer: c (liver is part of the celiac ganglion)

nicotinic receptors

a. respond to epinephrine b. respond to norepinephrine c. open chemically gated sodium ion channels d. are found at neuroeffector junctions of the autonomic nervous system e. open chemically gated calcium ion channels answer: c

visceral reflex arc can bypass CNS neurons in _________ reflexes

a. short b. long c. short and long d. neither short or long answer: a

compare short reflexes with long reflexes

a. short are autonomic responses that bypass the CNS. long involves interneurons within the CNS and autonomic delivery of motor commands to the effector b. short involves interneurons within the CNS and autonomic delivery of motor commands to the effectors. long is autonomic responses that bypass the CNS c. short predominantly coordinate the activated of an entire organ. long predominantly control very simple motor responses in one small part of a target organ d. short control many different peripheral effectors. long predominate in the enteric nervous system e. short involves processing in the brainstem. long involves processing in the cerebrum answer: a

all of the following are visceral effectors except:

a. smooth muscles b. cardiac muscles c. adipocytes d. skeletal muscles e. glands answer: d

ganglionic neurons innervate as all of the following except:

a. smooth muscles b. cardiac muscles c. adipose tissue d. glands e. skeletal muscles answer: e

compare the SNS with the ANS

a. the SNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. The ANS provides conscious and subconscious control over skeletal muscles b. the SNS provides conscious and subconscious control over skeletal muscles. the ANS consists of the brain and spinal cord c. the SNS provides conscious and subconscious control over skeletal muscles. the ANS controls the visceral effectors: smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle, and adipocytes d. the SNS controls the visceral effectors: smooth muscle, gland, cardiac muscle and adipocytes. the ANS provides conscious and subconscious control over skeletal muscles e. the SNS controls the muscular visceral effectors: smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. the ANS controls the other visceral effectors: glands and adipocytes. answer: c (somatic vs autonomic)

stimulation of the beta receptors on heart muscle cells does not result in

a. the formation of cAMP b. increased heart rate c. increased force of contraction d. increased metabolism e. inactivation of G protein answer: e

most sympathetic effector junctions release norepinephrine but a significant number release acetylcholine instead. which of these is an example of an organ of the cholinergic type?

a. the heart b. a blood vessel in the skin c. a sweat gland d. the liver e. salivary glands answer: c

explain the function of autonomic ganglia

a. they are part of the visceral arcs, and most of their activity is a direct reflex response, rather than responses to commands from the hypothalamus b. they are part of the visceral motor neurons in peripheral ganglia c. they are ganglionic neurons that innervate visceral effectors d. they are upper motor neurons whose cell bodies lie within nuclei of the brain or the primary motor cortex e. they are motor neurons within the CNS that are controlled by reflexes based in the spinal cord or brain answer: C!!! (post ganglionic to the effector tissue kine tingzz)

describe the role of preganglionic neurons

a. they are part of visceral reflex arc, and most of their activity is a direct reflex response, rather than responses to commands from the hypothalamus b. they are part of the visceral motor neurons in peripheral ganglia c. they are ganglionic neurons that innervate visceral effectors d. they are upper motor neurons whose cell bodies lie within nuclei of the brain or the primary motor cortex e. they are motor neurons within the central nervous system that are controlled by reflexes based in the spinal cord or brain answer: a ( because some are just fast liDAT)

which of the following statements about adrenergic receptors is true

a. they are proteins in the plasma membrane b. when activated, cAM levels are affected c. epinephrine activates both alpha and beta types c. norepinephrine activates mainly the alpha type e. all of the answers are correct answer: e

define baroreceptors and where are they located within the body

a. they are thermoreceptors that detect changes in temperature. located in the skin and hypothalamus b. are stretch receptors that detect changes in pressure. located along the digestive tract, within the walls of the urinary bladder, in the carotid and aortic sinuses, and in the lungs c. are chemoreceptors that detect change in oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations. they are locate within the medulla oblongata and in the carotid and aortic bodies d. are nociceptors that detect pain. they are located throughout the somatic and visceral systems of the body e. are chemoreceptors that detect changes in pH. they are located within the medulla oblongata and in the carotid and the aortic bodies answer: b (mechano and stretch receptors)

collateral ganglia contain neurons that innervate the tissues and organs in which body cavity

a. thoracic b. lumbar c. abdominopelvic d. vertebral e. cranial answer: c

the statement "preganglionic axon terminal release acetylcholine" is

a. true for only PNS b. true only for SNS c. true for both the PNS and SNS d. not true for either PNS and SNS e. true for only the somatic nervous system answer: c

the statement "its postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter" is

a. true only for the PNS b. true only for the SNS c. true for both PNS and SNS d. not true for either PNS and SNS e. true only for the somatic nervous system answer: a

the statement "it initiates contraction of urinary bladder smooth muscles" is

a. true only for the PNS b. true only for the SNS c. true for both the PNS and SNS d. not true for either PNS and SNS e. true for only somatic nervous system answer: a

the statement "it controls the diameter of the pupil" is

a. true only for the PNS b. true only for the SNS c. true for both the PNS and SNS d. not true for either PNS or SNS e. true only for the somatic nervous system answer: c

the statement "there is always a synapse in a peripheral ganglion between the CNS and the effector organ" is

a. true only for the Parasympathetic Nervous System b. true only for the Sympathetic Nervous System c. true for both PNS and SNS d. Not true for either PNS or SNS e. true only for the somatic nervous system answer c

the statement "its ganglia are usually near or within the end organ" is

a. true only for the parasympathetic nervous system b. true only for the sympathetic nervous system c. true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems d. not true for either the PNS and the SNS e. true only for the somatic nervous system answer: a

the statement "it sends its preganglionic fibers to terminal or intramural ganglia" is ...

a. true only for the paraympatheticNS b. true only for the sympatheticNS c. true for both the PNS and SNS d. not true for either the PNS and SNS e. true for only the somatic nervous system answer: a

dual innervation refers to an organ receiving

a. two nerves from the spinal cord b. both autonomic and somatomotor nerves c. both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation d. nerves from both the brain and the spinal cord e. two nerves from the spinal cord and both autonomic and somatomotor nerves. answer: c

a visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS is called a ______________ neuron?

a. upper motor b. lower motor c. pre ganglionic d. post ganglionic e. somatomotor answer: c

which of the following provides preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to structure in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

a. vagus nerves b. sciatic nerves c. glossopharyngeal nerves d. pelvic nerves e. splanchnic nerves answer: a

sympathetic activation leads to all of the following except

a. vasoconstriction to digestive organs b. vasodilation to skeletal muscles c. increased heart rate d. increased release of insulin e. increased in alertness answer: d (Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets; it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body)

which of the following is exclusive to the sympathetic division of the ANS

a. ventral roots b. dorsal rami c. spinal neves d. ventral rami e. short pre-ganglionic fibers answer: e