Ch. 15 Packet

If a tumor of the glucocoritcoid-secretung cells of the adrenal cortex crowds out the cells that produce aldosterone; what is the likely eefect on uring compositon and volume?

Urine will be full of sodium, dark, and increase of volume.

The glomerulus is a unique high-pressure capillary bed, because the ______ arteriole feeding it is larger in diameter than the ______ arteriole draining the bed.

afferent; efferent

Respiratory acidosis occurs in:

asthma, emphysema, barbiturate overdose, and cystic fibrosis.

Glomerular filtrate is very similar to ______, but it has fewer proteins.

blood plasma

What are 3 methods of H+ concentration in body fluid regulations?

chemical Acid-base buffering Respiratory centers in brainstem Renal/Kidney

If the kidneys become nonfunctional, ______ is used to cleanse the blood of impurities.

dialysis

Mechanisms of tubular reabsoption include ______ and ______.

diffusion (passive transport); active transport

Sodium deficiency hampers reabsorption of

glucose & water

When water loss via vaporization from the ______, or ______ from the skin is excessive, urine output ______.

lungs; skin; decreases

As an aid for the reabsorption process, the cells of the PCT have dense ______ on their luminal surface, which increase surface area dramatically.

microvilli

Physiological alkalosis (arterial blood)

pH >7.45

Chemical acidity

pH<7.00

Physiological acidosis (arterial blood)

pH<7.35

Chemical neutrality

pH=7.00

Normal pH of arterial blood

pH=7.40

Other than reabsorption, and importtant tubule function is ______, which is important for ridding the body of substanes not already in the filtrate.

secretion

Hyperkalemia

triggers secretion of aldosterone may result from severe alcoholism disturb acid-base balance result from widespread tissue injury

The three major nitrogenous wastes found in the blood, which must be disposed of, are ______, ______, and ______.

urea; uric acid; creatinine

Blood composition depends on ______, ______, and ______.

urine output; cellular metabolism; diet

The kidneys are the final "judges" of how much ______ is to be lost from the body.

water

______ is responsible for the normal yellow color of urine.

Urochrome

Which structures are freely permeable to water? A. Distal convoluted tubule B. Thick segment of ascending limb of the nephron loop C. Descending limb of the nephron loop D. Proximal covoluted tubule

C. Descending limb of the nephron loop D. Proximal covoluted tubule

Which method is fastest?

Chemical buffer system

In a day's time, 180 L liters of blood plasma are filtered into the kidney tubules, but only about ___ liters of urine are actually produced.

1-1.8

Mrs. Rodriguez is breathing rapidly and is slurring her speech when her husband calls the hospital in a panic. Shortly after, she becomes comatose. Tests show that her blood glucose and ketone levels are high and her husband said that she was urinating every few minutes before she became lethargic. What is Mrs. Rodriguez's problem? Would you expect her blood pH to be acidic or alkaline? What significance is her rapid breathing? Are her kidneys reabsorbing or secreting bicarbonate ions during this crisis?

Diabetic pH is acidic She is breathing faster to exhale more CO2, because that would bring down the acidity of her blood. INSULIN SUPPRESSES KEYTONE PRODUCTIOn. Reabosorbing bicarbonate ions to bring her pH blood level up.

Urine passes through the ureters by which mechanism?

Peristalsis

which method is slower?

Renal mechanism

whic method removes CO2?

Respiratory mechanism