CH 15 REVIEW QUIZ
(Q012) Warren S. Thompson (1929) described a three-stage process governing changes in population growth rates as societies move from a pre-industrial to an industrial stage. What is the central principal guiding his theory?
As societies develop, one mode of population stability is replaced by another.
Q018) What was one of the most significant conclusions of the 2014 assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)?
Human activity is the dominant source of the observed changes in the global climate since the mid-twentieth century.
(Q013) Suppose Mikayla is interested in comparing population growth between developing and industrialized countries. She notices that in certain countries, there has been a great deal of population growth, despite the fact that fertility rates have remained the same. What is one potential explanation for this apparent contradiction?
Infant mortality rates have gone down in these countries.
(Q008) Which of the following is a central characteristic of the urban ecology approach as developed by Robert Park?
It understands the formation of urban arrangements as analogous to the way in which plants and organisms adjust to the physical environment.
Q009) Which of the following is true of "global cities," as Saskia Sassen described them?
They contain vast economic inequalities marked by prosperous central business districts adjacent to deeply impoverished areas.
(Q006) Gated communities are a relatively new part of the urban landscape. Many such communities are located well within the boundaries of a city area but have physical separations such as walls or fences, with gates manned by security guards. In this regard, gated communities resemble
ancient cities.
(Q003) The movement of ethnic minorities into existing urban environments was often the result of social and economic marginalization and inequality. The Chinese presence in sections of large cities is a good example. Invariably labeled "Chinatown," these inner-city areas are home to thriving commercial enterprises as well as living quarters for families, and they generally have a predominantly Chinese population. Similar ethnic centers appear in other urban environments. This lends support to the idea that
city dwellers are able to collaborate with others of similar background, creating and joining other subcultural groups.
(Q021) Demography (the study of the size, distribution, and composition of populations) is customarily treated as a branch of sociology because it looks at the factors that influence populations. One of those factors is
deaths.
Q017) The United Nations has developed several fertility scenarios that attempt to look at world population growth by the year 2100. These scenarios ignore the concept of the demographic transition, which is likely to result in a surge in the population as death rates fall. It also overlooks the fact that many countries that have gone through the demographic transition will see only a slight population growth. The major implication for the developed countries in the latter case is due to an increased
dependency ratio.
(Q024) Wilson primarily explains urban poverty as a result of __________, while Massey and Denton argue that it is mostly caused by __________.
economic restructuring; racial segregation
(Q011) Sherene lives in a poor neighborhood near downtown that is predominantly African American and Latino. Last spring, a white couple bought the dilapidated Victorian house across the street and immediately began renovating it, and this fall, Sherene noticed that similar renovations had begun on two more old homes within several blocks of her house. It is likely that Sherene's neighborhood is in the beginning stages of
gentrification.
(Q002) According to the ecological approach to understanding city dynamics, existing populations begin to move out of the inner city as it decays, and it is gradually repopulated by ethnic minorities. Given what we have studied about class, race, and other social problems, the reason for these shifts may be that ethnic minorities
have fewer economic resources and are willing to live in the decaying inner city because they can afford to do so, and the exiting populations do not like the ethnic minorities
(Q022) What is one primary reason for the higher urban growth rate in the world's less-industrialized cities?
internal migration from rural areas
(Q025) Mike Davis describes a "conscious hardening" of urban attitudes toward the poor. In Los Angeles, this takes the form of
neighborhoods guarded by electronic surveillance.
(Q005) More recent theories about the city, such as the focus on the created environment, suggest that urbanism is
not a natural process, but rather shaped by political and economic forces.
(Q020) In the study of demographics, the crude birthrate is a useful tool, but it is limited because it cannot tell us the
proportion of the population that is male or female.
Q007) The highest percentage of child poverty in the United States can be found in
rural areas, such as Appalachia and the Mississippi Delta.
(Q004) One of the ways in which urban dwellers have tried to push back against crime in their urban neighborhoods is through the implementation of Neighborhood Watch programs, groups of neighbors devoted to crime prevention and the prevention of vandalism. The creation of these programs is a reflection of the idea that
sometimes the presence of "eyes and ears on the street" can prevent things from getting out of hand.
Q010) Placing limitations on economic growth to proceed only insofar as natural resources are recycled rather than depleted; maintaining biodiversity; and protecting clean air, water, and land are all considerations contained in the notion of
sustainable development.
(Q014) Infant mortality rate is a very specific demographic measure. It is a very important piece of data because it can tell us
the current state of health care and education for mothers.
(Q023) As a growing number of unskilled and agricultural workers migrate to urban centers, the formal economy often struggles to absorb the influx into the workforce. These workers often find work in
the informal economy.
Q001) Urbanization is the result of
the process of industrialization.
(Q015) In the late 1700s, Thomas Malthus argued that population growth inevitably outstrips the available food, and that famine is an inevitable consequence. He counseled "moral restraint," delaying marriage, and abstinence. While population increases in many countries do currently outstrip the ability of that country to produce sufficient resources to feed its citizens, Malthus's ideas are fundamentally flawed today because
the production of food worldwide is sufficient, but it is not distributed to those who need it.
(Q019) Current fears regarding the depletion of energy resources are greatly exacerbated by
the rapid economic growth of countries like China and India.
(Q016) China's one-child policy attempted to stabilize population growth in the world's most populous country. The most serious concern voiced by citizens about the one-child policy was that
there would be insufficient numbers of young people to support the aging population.
