ch 16

21. The social penetration theory was propounded by: a. Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor. b. Abraham Maslow. c. Gordon Allport. d. Bruce Tuckman. e. Steven Beebe and Susan Beebe.

a. Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor

41. Changing the subject or leaving the room when faced with a conflict situation is indicative of which of the following conflict management strategies? a. Avoidance b. Defensiveness c. Supportiveness d. Face-detracting strategies e. Gunnysacking

a. avoidance

17. _____ shift the burden of responsibility from themselves to others, looking to others for a sense of control. a. Democrats b. Autocrats c. Abdicrats d. Underpersonals e. Undersocials

a. democrats

18. These people share the need for control between the individual and the group. a. Democrats b. Abdicrats c. Personal individuals d. Social persons e. Autocrats

a. democrats

47. _____ refers to the imaginary bag we all carry, into which we place unresolved conflicts or grievances over time. a. Gunnysacking b. Knapsacking c. Clutching d. Bagging e. Packing

a. gunnysacking

36. Closings are similar to the _____ step, and often involve ritual norms. a. initiation b. preview c. talking points d. feedback e. recycle

a. initiation

27. _____ can be defined as communication between two people. a. Interpersonal communication b. Group communication c. Intrapersonal communication d. Reciprocity e. The dyadic effect

a. interpersonal communication

7. All of the following are ways of becoming conscious of how we think and communicate with ourselves in order to achieve an inner quietness, except: a. learning to be quiet. b. listening to others when they communicate through the written or spoken word. c. refraining from preparing our responses before others finish speaking. d. jumping to conclusions from only partially attending to the speaker message. e. "turning off" our internal monologue.

a. learning to be quiet

39. Which of the following should be done in the event that you decide that the position is not right for you? a. Notify the employer without delay b. Become fixated on one position or job c. Focus on the loss and all the hard work you've done d. Seek out local resources and stop networking e. Stop researching

a. notify the employer without delay

32. This stage of a conversation can serve to reduce uncertainty and signal intent. a. Preview b. Talking points c. Feedback d. Closing e. Recycle

a. preview

8. The second quadrant of Luft and Ingram's model of the dimensions of self: a. represents things others observe about us that we are unaware of. b. represents information that is known to you and others. c. involves information that you know, but do not reveal to others. d. involves information that is unknown to you and your conversational partners. e. involves information that is actively withheld by you and others.

a. represents things others observe about us that we are unaware of

10. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, once our basic needs are met we move to level two: a. safety. b. love and belonging. c. self-esteem. d. knowledge. e. self-actualization.

a. safety

45. Face-detracting strategies: a. take away from the respect of a person. b. preserve a supportive climate. c. promote listening. d. allow for collaboration. e. are common in collectivist cultures

a. take away from the respect of the person

13. According to Schutz, _____ are people who seek limited interaction. a. underpersonals b. abdicrats c. personal individuals d. loners e. anti-socials

a. underpersonals

37. Which of the following statements is not true regarding preparing for an employment interview? a. Focus on how your talents, expertise, and experience can help the organization address its problems. b. Be prepared only for standard questions related to your education and experience. c. It is appropriate to call and ask the human resources offices about the dress code for an employment interview. d. Contact the local chamber of commerce to know more about the company. e. Carefully read the job ad that got you the interview, and memorize what it says about the job and the qualifications.

b. be prepared only for standard questions related to your education and experience

43. Two concepts central to both face-detracting and face-saving strategies are: a. direct confrontation and indirect confrontation. b. competition and collaboration. c. avoidance and empathy. d. listening and communication. e. trust and self-disclosure.

b. competition and collaboration

48. Which of the following statements is true regarding giving and receiving evaluations and criticism in the workplace? a. If your supervisor starts to discuss a point and you immediately start debating the point in your mind, you are paying attention to what is actually being communicated. b. If you are at the receiving end of an evaluation or criticism, you may need to ask a clarifying question if it doesn't count as an interruption. c. Regardless of whether you are the employee receiving the criticism or the supervisor delivering it, avoid nodding and leaning forward. d. If you disagree with an evaluation, bring up past issues and keep the conversation focused on the task at hand. e. People generally like surprises and do not want to know what is coming.

b. if you are at the receiving end of an evaluation or criticism, you may need to ask a clarifying question if it doesn't count as an interruption

6. _____ refers to the self-talk of intrapersonal communication. a. Soliloquy b. Internal monologue c. Elocution d. Inner conflict e. Inner voice

b. internal monologue

1. _____ may include self-talk, acts of imagination and visualization, and even recall and memory. a. Concentration b. Intrapersonal communication c. Jargon d. Incubation e. Nonverbal communication

b. intrapersonal communication

34. Which of the following statements is true regarding the feedback stage of a conversation? a. It is the opposite of the preview step. b. It allows conversational partners to arrive a sense of mutual understanding. c. Success at this stage can lead to additional interactions. d. It comes directly after the preview stage. e. It involves clarification but little discussion and restatement.

b. it allows conversational partners to arrive a sense of mutual understanding

30. The initiation stage of a conversation: a. follows the preview stage. b. requires you to be open to interact. c. consists of talking points. d. increases efficiency across time. e. is rarely associated with anxiety.

b. requires you to be open to interact

4. Our _____ is "what we perceive ourselves to be," and involves aspects of image and esteem. a. internal monologue b. self-concept c. personality d. IQ e. character

b. self-concept

22. According to the social penetration theory, people go from: a. intrapersonal to interpersonal communication. b. superficial to intimate levels of communication. c. interpersonal to group communication. d. being undersocials to social individuals. e. being underpersonals to personal individuals.

b. superficial to intimate levels of communication

26. The expectation that when we reveal something about ourselves, others will reciprocate is known as: a. mutuality. b. the dyadic effect. c. predicted outcome value theory. d. social exchange theory. e. equity theory.

b. the dyadic effect

12. Beyond self-actualization, Maslow recognizes our innate need: a. for love and belonging. b. to know. c. to experience beauty. d. for safety. e. to change.

b. to know

16. Individuals who are self-directed in terms of control are called: a. democrats. b. autocratic. c. abdicrats. d. overpersonals. e. oversocials.

c. abdicrats

46. _____ listening involves listening to both the literal and implied meanings within a message. a. Effective b. Constructive c. Empathetic d. Active e. Supportive

c. empathetic

28. Which of the following statements is true regarding the developmental view of interpersonal communication? a. It lays emphasis on the size of the audience rather than the relationship. b. It draws a distinction between undersocial and oversocial interactions. c. It focuses on the level of familiarity and trust. d. It negates the importance of prior history in relationships. e. It asserts that we want to maximize our possible benefit from the association.

c. it focuses on the level of familiarity and trust

44. Face-saving strategies: a. result in a defensive climate. b. consider the message and the messenger as one. c. protect credibility. d. lead to power struggles. e. are common in individualistic cultures.

c. protect credibility

33. Talking points is the third stage of a conversation. This stage: a. does not inherently exist in all conversations. b. reduces efficiency across time. c. reinforces the goal orientation of the conversation. d. is highly formal in nature. e. involves casual references.

c. reinforces the goal orientation of the conversation

3. _____ is defined as one's own sense of individuality, personal characteristics, motivations, and actions. a. Consciousness b. Personality c. Self d. Ego e. Id

c. self

11. At this level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs people come to perceive a sense of control or empowerment over their context and environment. a. Self-esteem b. Knowledge c. Self-actualization d. Safety e. Love and belonging

c. self-actualization

5. When we make _____, we evaluate ourselves in relation to our peers of similar status, similar characteristics, or similar qualities. a. amends b. personal references c. social comparisons d. transitions e. propositions

c. social comparisons

23. This theory is often called the Onion Theory because the model looks like an onion and involves layers that are peeled away. a. Theory Z b. Predicted outcome value theory c. Social penetration theory d. Maslow's hierarchy of needs e. The developmental view of interpersonal communication

c. social penetration theory

20. A(n) _____ is one who strikes a healthy balance between being withdrawn and being the constant center of attention. a. abdicrat b. democrat c. social person d. autocrat e. underpersonal

c. social person

2. From planning to problem solving, internal conflict resolution, and evaluations and judgments of self and others, we communicate with ourselves: a. overtly. b. unconsciously. c. through intrapersonal communication. d. through an internal monologue. e. with externalization.

c. through intrapersonal communication

40. Which of the following statements is a principle on conflict? a. Conflict is a sign of a poor relationship. b. Conflict can be avoided. c. Conflict can always be resolved. d. Conflict is not always bad. e. Conflict is associated with compatible goals.

d. conflict is not always bad

35. _____ is/are an opportunity to make sure the interaction was successful the first time. a. Phatic communion b. Previews c. Closings d. Feedback e. Small talk

d. feedback

15. A person who strikes a healthy balance in terms of the need for affection is known as a(n): a. democrat. b. abdicrat. c. social person. d. personal individual. e. autocrat.

d. personal individual

25. Which of the following statements is not true regarding self-disclosure? a. Self-disclosure usually moves in small steps b. Self-disclosure is reciprocal c. Self-disclosure involves risk d. Self-disclosure is never unintentional e. Self-disclosure involves trust

d. self-disclosure is never unintentional

24. This is an important component of the social penetration theory and is developed through repeated, positive interactions. a. Complexity b. Homogeneity c. Predicted outcomes d. Trust e. Frequency

d. trust

42. _____ is/are characterized by control, evaluation, and judgments, while _____ focuses on the points and not personalities. a. Avoidance; approach b. Face-saving strategies; face-detracting strategies c. Gunnysacking; empathy d. Avoidance; managing your emotions e. Defensive communication; supportive communication

e. defensive communication; supportive communication

38. Which of the following statements is true regarding performance during an employment interview? a. When asked a question in the interview, focus on its literal meaning. b. Responses about your strengths are an opening to brag. c. Responses about your weakness are an invitation to confess. d. Avoid using the "because" response wherever you can. During a conference call,keep track of the time and limit each response to about a minute.

e. during a conference call, keep track of the time and limit each response to about a minute

9. The fourth quadrant of Luft and Ingram's model of the dimensions of self: a. represents things others observe about us that we are unaware of. b. represents information that is known to you and others. c. involves information that you know, but do not reveal to others. d. involves information that is actively withheld by you and others. e. involves information that is unknown to you and your conversational partners.

e. involves information that is unknown to you and your conversational partners

14. _____ are people who have a strong need to be liked and constantly seek attention from others. a. Abdicrats b. Democrats c. Personal individuals d. Social persons e. Overpersonals

e. over personals

31. Anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski called small talk: a. talking points. b. shop talk. c. previews. d. ritualistic conversation. e. phatic communion.

e. phatic communion

29. The _____ asserts that not only do we want to reduce uncertainty, we also want to maximize our possible benefit from the association. a. developmental view of interpersonal communication b. social penetration theory c. social exchange theory d. equity theory e. predicted outcome value theory

e. predicted outcome value theory

19. According to Schutz, _____ may be less likely to seek interaction, may prefer smaller groups, and will generally not be found on center stage, whereas _____ crave the spotlight of attention and are highly motivated to seek belonging. a. abdicrats; democrats b. autocrats; democrats c. overpersonals; underpersonals d. overpersonals; oversocials e. undersocials; oversocials

e. under socials; oversocials