Ch 16 HW
Which hormone specifically targets cells that produce hormones that affect glucose metabolism? ACTH LH GH MSH
ACTH
Which of the following is an effect of renin released by endocrine cells in the kidney? ADH secretion suppression of thirst increased red blood cell production inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system
ADH secretion
Which endocrine effect on normal growth is correct? -The targets for androgens and estrogens are not gender specific. -If thyroid hormones are absent during fetal development or the first year of life, the nervous system will not develop normally, and mental retardation will result. -PTH and calcitonin promote the absorption of calcium salts for subsequent deposition in bone. -Without ADH, the passage of amino acids and glucose across plasma membranes is drastically reduced or eliminated.
If thyroid hormones are absent during fetal development or the first year of life, the nervous system will not develop normally, and mental retardation will result.
Why are Tanya's cells starved for sugar (glucose) if there is so much glucose in the blood? -Tanya ate too much glucose and the high levels have poisoned her cells -Tanya's cells don't recognize the messages telling them to let the glucose inside -Tanya's pancreas is not making insulin -Tanya's cells are insensitive to the glucagon produced by her pancreas
Tanya's cells don't recognize the messages telling them to let the glucose inside
Which is a characteristic of the exhaustion phase of the stress response? There is a loss of K+ and H+. Reduction in digestive activity and urine production occurs. The adrenal cortex stops producing glucocorticoids. Peripheral tissues (except neural) break down lipids to obtain energy.
The adrenal cortex stops producing glucocorticoids.
Which statement regarding thyroid hormones is true? -Follicle cells remove thyroglobulin from the follicle cavity by exocytosis. -About 10 percent of all thyroid secretions are T4. -The bloodstream normally contains more than a week's supply of thyroid hormones. -Carrier proteins in the basal membrane of the follicle cells passively transport iodide ions (I-) into the cytoplasm.
The bloodstream normally contains more than a week's supply of thyroid hormones.
Choose the correct statement regarding the mechanism of interaction for steroid hormones. -The hormones diffuse across the lipid part of the plasma membrane and bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus. -The hormones bind to receptors in the plasma membrane. -The hormones do not alter the pattern of protein synthesis. -The steroid hormones are transported across the plasma membrane.
The hormones diffuse across the lipid part of the plasma membrane and bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus
Prostaglandins are examples of which type of hormones? tryptophan derivatives catecholamines steroid hormones eicosanoids
eicosanoids
The resistance phase of the stress response involves __________. -mobilization of glycogen and lipid reserves -elevation of blood glucose concentrations -breakdown of structural proteins as the body's primary energy source -reduction in digestive activity and urine production
elevation of blood glucose concentrations
In which mechanism of intercellular communication are target cells in distant tissues and organs? synaptic communication direct communication endocrine communication paracrine communication
endocrine communication
Which endocrine structure synthesizes hormones involved with fluid balance and smooth muscle contraction? pineal gland hypothalamus pituitary gland pancreas
hypothalamus
Which of the following is an effect of thyroid hormones on peripheral tissues? -decreased sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation -increased heart rate and force of contraction -increased sensitivity of respiratory centers to changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations -decreased turnover of minerals in bone
increased heart rate and force of contraction
Which outcome produces different, but complementary, effects in specific tissues and organs? integrative effects permissive effect antagonistic effects additive effects
integrative effects
Type 1 diabetes __________. -is characterized by inadequate insulin production by the pancreatic beta cells -is the most common form of diabetes mellitus -is associated with obesity -is non-insulin dependent
is characterized by inadequate insulin production by the pancreatic beta cells
Which anterior pituitary hormone induces ovulation in females and stimulates sex hormone production by the interstitial cells of the testes in males? prolactin (PRL) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinizing hormone (LH) growth hormone (GH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
Activation of the renin-angiotensin system stimulates secretion of which adrenal gland hormone? epinephrine mineralocorticoid androgen glucocorticoid
mineralocorticoid
Which is an effect of parathyroid hormone on peripheral tissues? mobilizes calcium from bone inhibits the formation and secretion of calcitriol at the kidneys increases urinary loss of calcium promotes inactivation of vitamin D
mobilizes calcium from bone
In which possible outcome is one hormone required for a second hormone to produce its effect? antagonistic effects integrative effects permissive effects additive effects
permissive effects
Natriuretic peptides __________. involve stretch receptors in the kidneys promote the loss of sodium and water at the kidneys stimulate renin release and ADH secretion increase blood volume and pressure
promote the loss of sodium and water at the kidneys
Oxytocin __________. -stimulates cell growth and reproduction -rises (in its concentration) during sexual arousal and peaks at orgasm in both sexes -stimulates the release of steroid hormones by the adrenal cortex -is released in response to a variety of stimuli, most notably a rise in the solute concentration in the blood, or a fall in blood volume or blood pressure
rises (in its concentration) during sexual arousal and peaks at orgasm in both sexes
Which is a function of melatonin in humans? stimulates the melanocytes of the skin stimulates the release of steroid hormones by the adrenal cortex stimulates reproductive function sets circadian rhythms
sets circadian rhythms
Somatomedins __________. -involve positive feedback mechanisms to control hypothalamic hormone release -stimulate tissue growth by increasing amino acid uptake -control the hypothalamic release of hormones directly through sensory stimulation -stimulate secretion of GH-RH
stimulate tissue growth by increasing amino acid uptake
Which structure secretes hormones involved in the stimulation and coordination of the immune response? thyroid gland pineal gland kidneys thymus
thymus
Glucocorticoids are released by the __________. zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex adrenal medulla zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex
zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex
The development of pubic hair in boys and girls before puberty is an effect of hormones produced by which adrenal region? the adrenal medulla zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex
zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex
Which cell population produces the hormone calcitonin? C cells beta cells F cells delta cells
C cells
What other symptom is Tanya likely experiencing as a result of diabetes that accounts for her high level of thirst? Increased defecation and diarrhea Increased urination Increased sweat production Increased blockages in the arteries of the heart
Increased urination
Which pancreatic cell population functions in producing a hormone that inhibits gallbladder contractions? delta cells PP cells alpha cells beta cells
PP cells
Which of the following is the best evidence that Tanya has Type 2 (not Type 1) diabetes mellitus? She feels thirsty all the time She is 50-years old and out of shape She has lots of sugar in her blood, but her cells are starved for sugar She is experiencing vision problems
She is 50-years old and out of shape
Cyclic AMP (cAMP): interacts with calmodulin. diffuses through membrane lipids. acts as a second messenger. binds to receptors in the mitochondria and nucleus.
acts as a second messenger
Falling blood glucose levels will stimulate which endocrine cells of the pancreas to secrete glucagon? delta cells alpha cells beta cells F cells
alpha cells
Calcitonin: -results in polyuria when underproduced. -enhances the reabsorption of calcium at the kidneys. -increases renal reabsorption of sodium and water, especially in the presence of ADH. -can be administered clinically to treat several metabolic disorders associated with elevated calcium levels and excessive bone formation.
can be administered clinically to treat several metabolic disorders associated with elevated calcium levels and excessive bone formation
