CH 16 REVIEW QUIZ

What is the main finding of James Coleman's classic investigation of educational inequality?

Differences in material resources available to schools matters less for educational outcome than the family and neighborhood background of students.

What was the factor in common amongst the few children from the poor, dilapidated, inner-city schools studied by Jonathan Kozol who managed to finish school and go on to college?

Each one had the advantage of the intervention of a devoted adult or a scholarship.

What are some grounds upon which studies of the outcomes of homeschooled children have been criticized?

Homeschooled children have other social traits that contribute to positive adult outcomes and thus provide a biased sample.

Which of the following best summarizes the findings of Sean Reardon's research on the increasing class-based achievement gap?

Increasing income inequality has led to an increasing gap in academic achievement between rich and poor students.

According to the text, why do supporters of international education argue that more American students should pursue international education themselves?

It helps inculcate the kind of global worldview important for success in a globalized society.

The claims made by Herrnstein and Murray supported what hypothesis about the United States?

It is a meritocracy.

Which of the following is a result of the legacy of colonial education in many parts of the colonized world?

It left formerly colonized countries with undeveloped systems of higher education, leaving them less competitive in a globalized knowledge economy.

How is learning different from education?

Learning indicates an active, creative process, while education implies structured transmission of knowledge in a formal institution.

How does a zero-tolerance disciplinary policy in schools change the life outcomes for economically and educationally marginalized students who adopt an oppositional culture?

Rather than funneling such students into manual labor, it funnels them into the criminal justice system.

Which of the following is a tenet of the credentialism perspective?

The actual skills in knowledge gained in the classroom is less important to future success than the diploma earned at the end.

Jordan has been studying disparities in math performance in his education class. He notices that the research on gender disparities in math show mixed results and decides to research this further through a math test survey, which he will distribute in classes at his school. According to research done by Steele and Aronson, what is likely to happen if Jordan tells each class that he is trying to find out if girls really are worse at math than boys?

The girls may feel a great deal of pressure to disprove a negative assumption and do more poorly than they would under different circumstances.

How do the findings of Paul Willis's research on working-class British youth challenge Bourdieu's theory of cultural reproduction?

They suggest that rather than an unconscious process, cultural reproduction is actively participated in by working-class youth who realize that the structure of school is not to their benefit.

What is one obstacle to using the Internet to address some global educational disparities and further develop the human capital of people in poor nations?

Underdeveloped regions often lack the infrastructural development (such as telephone lines or educational systems) that would make the use of Internet education possible.

What percentage of 17-year-olds are functionally illiterate in the United States?

13 percent

What is one fundamental difference between the assimilation and the credentialism theories of the function of education?

Assimilation theories focus on how education is a culturally unifying force, while credentialism theories focus on the function of education for stratifying the population.

When Lucy was confronted about her frequent absences from school, she confessed that although she wanted to graduate, the mindless busywork assigned by her teachers and the unlikelihood of going to college was decreasing her motivation to attend.

concrete attitudes about schooling

The concept of the achievement gap in education refers to ________.

disparities in achievement on multiple measures of academic success between students of different races, genders, or social classes

The ability to identify, assess, and control the emotions of oneself or others is called ______.

emotional intelligence

The state of people who have little or no access to information technology, such as computers, is ______________.

information poverty

Cultural navigators are _________.

people who draw from both their home culture and the mainstream culture to create an attitude that allows them to succeed

What did the Berkeley sociologists who reanalyzed the data collected by Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray find predicts adulthood poverty better than IQ scores?

social factors such as education, gender, and parents' socioeconomic status

After being told repeatedly by her chemistry teacher what a good student she was, Sharon applied to a competitive summer science program, which her teacher helped her apply for.

stereotype promise

Although Sadiq really enjoyed his math class, his grades began slipping after he overheard his teacher confess to another teacher that African American students didn't seem to be as good as math as her white and Asian students.

stereotype threat

Over the summer, Mr. Denton read a book that he was certain would be interesting and stimulating to his students and provide a great deal to discuss in class. When the time approached to read the book, however, he was forced to skip it in order to make time to finish reviewing vocabulary for the end-of-the-year statewide tests. This decision was likely shaped by __________.

the No Child Left Behind Act

Cultural capital is ________.

the advantages that well-to-do parents usually provide their children

According to your text, what is one indicator that IQ tests are not measuring actual intellectual capacity?

the fact that IQ scores are strongly affected by the socioeconomic status of one's parents

Many honors or college prep classes allow students to work relatively autonomously, developing their own school projects or paper topics, and these classes also often have student-led discussions and activities. Non-college prep classes, particularly in poor, public schools, are more likely to have rigid assignments and an inflexible structuring of class time. These differences reveal _____.

the workings of the hidden curriculum

Grouping students by perceived similarities in academic ability or attainment in order to provide different instruction to different kinds of students is called ______.

tracking

Despite his failing grades, Wei hopes to graduate from high school so that he has a better chance of supporting himself or even going to college.

abstract attitudes about schooling