Ch. 17

There are ________ classes of antibodies in the human immune system.

5

Which of the following results in comparatively long-lasting immunity? A baby receives antibodies to chicken pox across the placenta. An adult receives gamma globulin. An adult receives antiserum. A person survives an infectious disease. A baby receives antibodies against many pathogens through breastfeeding.

A person survives an infectious disease

Which of the following statements about T-dependent antigens is true? A) A T(H) cell acts as an antigen-presenting cell for the T-dependent antigen. B) Activation of a B cell by a T-dependent antigen requires cytokines secreted by a TH cell. C) T-dependent antigens are usually polysaccharides. D) CTL cells are required for the activation process.

Activation of a B cell by a T-dependent antigen requires cytokines secreted by a TH cell

Which of these pathogens would most likely be attacked by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity? varicella-zoster virus Staphylococcus aureus blood flukes (schistosomes) Salmonella typhi

blood flukes (schistosomes)

Which of these statements is NOT true of antibody molecules? A) Cell-bound antibody molecules can initiate a process that results in cell lysis. B) Antibody molecules can directly destroy antigens. C) Antibody molecules can enhance phagocytosis of the antigen. D) Cell-bound antibody molecules can bind cells that in turn release chemical compounds that damage parasitic worms. E) Cell-bound antibody molecules can bind complement, triggering the complement cascade.

Antibody molecules can directly destroy antigens

Cyclosporine is a drug sometimes used to prevent transplant rejection after organ transplant surgery. This drug specifically disrupts cell-mediated immunity by cytotoxic T cells. Which of these events can be predicted based on this information? A) Autoimmune disorders will be a potential side effect. B) Antibody production will NOT be disrupted in the recipient. C) Antigen presentation by macrophages and dendritic cells will be impaired. D) The recipient will be susceptible to repeated infections with common bacteria such as staphylococci and streptococci. E) T helper cells will no longer be produced.

Antibody production will NOT be disrupted in the recipient

________ cells are important in facilitating immune responses against pathogens that enter the body via the digestive system.

B

Which of the following is a correct match? A) IgE: typically structured as a pentamer B) IgM: readily crosses the placenta to protect the fetus/newborn C) IgA: found in secretions such as colostrum, tears, and mucus D) IgG: first immunoglobulin produced in a primary immune response

IgA: found in secretions such as colostrum, tears, and mucus

Which of the following statements is NOT true for T helper cells? A) They recognize antigen presented by class II MHC molecules. B) They lyse target cells. C) They activate B cells. D) They activate macrophages. E) They have CD4 molecules on the cell surface.

They lyse target cells

The most abundant Ig in the blood serum is __________. A) A B) D C) E D) G E) M

G

________ antibodies are capable of crossing the placenta from mother to fetus.

IgA

Which of these processes is in the proper sequence? A) IgE is formed; antigen binds IgE; histamine is released; IgE binds to mast cells and basophils. B) IgE is formed; antigen binds IgE; IgE binds to mast cells; mast cells bind to basophils; histamine is released. C) IgE is formed; IgE binds to mast cells and basophils; histamine is released; antigen binds IgE. D) IgE is formed; antigen binds IgE; IgE binds to mast cells and basophils; histamine is released. E) IgE is formed; IgE binds to mast cells and basophils; antigen binds IgE; histamine is released.

IgE is formed; IgE binds to mast cells and basophils; antigen binds IgE; histamine is released

Which answer is true of the anamnestic response? A) IgG and IgM are present in equal proportions. B) IgM is not produced. C) IgM predominates. D) IgG is not produced. E) IgG predominates

IgG predominates

During the primary response to an antigen, the first class of antibody produced is the class ________.

IgM

Which of the following statements is NOT of the IgA antibody class? a) It can trigger the complement cascade. b) It prevents pathogens from attaching to mucosal surfaces. c) It can be found as a monomer in serum. d) It is the most abundant antibody class in body secretions. e) It is a dimer in its most effective form.

It can trigger the complement cascade

Which of the following statements concerning adaptive immunity is FALSE? It requires specific recognition of microbes and antigens. It can form memory responses. It can be stimulated by vaccination. It is always present and instantly protects against infection.

It is always present and instantly protects against infection

Nonspecific lymphocytes capable of lysing host cells infected by viruses are ________ cells.

NK

You get the following antibody titers against West Nile virus in three patients. Which patient probably has a current infection? Patient A: 128 IgG, 0 IgM Patient B: 128 IgG, 256 IgM Patient C: 0 IgG, 0 IgM Patient A Patient B Patient C Patients A and C

Patient B

Which of the following T cell is a component of both the cellular and humoral immune response? T Cytotoxic cells Natural Killer Cells T Helper cells T Regulatory cell

T Helper cells

Which of the following CANNOT function as an antigen-presenting cell? T cell macrophage dendritic cell B cell

T cell

How do NK cells recognize the target cells that they will destroy? A) The target cells express foreign antigens. B) The target cells are coated with complement. C) The target cells are coated with antibody. D) The target cells lack MHC I self-antigens.

The target cells lack MHC I self-antigens

Which of these answers is a potential concern of using T-independent antigens as vaccines? A) These antigens can induce autoimmune reactions. B) Many individuals have impaired responses to T-independent antigens because of an inherited T-cell disorder. C) The lack of macrophage participation will lead to a weak response. D) These antigens will be ineffective in producing an immune response in infants. E) These antigens can lead to an aggressive cell-mediated immune response.

These antigens will be ineffective in producing an immune response in infants

What is the function of T cytotoxic cells? They activate B cells. They induce apoptosis of target cells. They phagocytize pathogens. They produce antibodies.

They induce apoptosis of target cells

Which of the following statements is NOT true of antigens? a) They often have a molecular weight of less than 10,000. b) They are often proteins or polysaccharides. c) They can include nonmicrobial molecules, such as pollen, egg white, and blood cell surface molecules. d) They are typically nonself molecules. e) They are often surface molecules on microbes.

They often have a molecular weight of less than 10,000

What is a plasma cell? a cell that produces antibodies a cell that has phagocytic capability a cell that can directly kill other cells a cell that produces inflammatory chemicals

a cell that produces antibodies

A property of T cells, but not B cells, is their __________. A) ability to form cells that directly kill virus-infected host cells B) ability to differentiate into memory cells C) ability to undergo clonal selection D) recognition of specific antigens E) development from stem cells in the bone marrow

ability to form cells that directly kill virus-infected host cells

The resistance to reinfection with measles virus following recovery from measles infection is called __________. adaptive immunity natural selection artificial immunity innate immunity passive immunity

adaptive immunity

An injection of pooled human gamma globulin may provide passive immunity to humans from hepatitis A because it contains __________. T helper cells T cytotoxic cells antibodies B cells

antibodies

Foreign substances that cause the production of antibodies are called ________.

antigens

While on safari in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, your friend ventures away from camp and is bitten by a black widow spider. Fortunately, you are prepared and administer artificially acquired passive immunity. With what did you inject your friend? snake venom penicillin antigen antivenin

antivenin

Programmed cell death is referred to as ________.

apoptosis

You are about to start a multiyear experiment in a laboratory that works with poliovirus. Although the chance of exposure is low, you are still required to get immunized. What type of immunity now protects you? naturally acquired active immunity naturally acquired passive immunity artificially acquired passive immunity artificially acquired active immunity

artificially acquired active immunity

Which of the following would be a possible consequence of a disorder that selectively destroys the T regulatory cells in a patient? A) frequent infections with viral and fungal pathogens B) increased incidence of certain cancers C) impaired antibody production D) frequent infections with parasitic pathogens E) autoimmune diseases

autoimmune diseases

A new chemical messenger has been discovered that enhances the chemotaxis of macrophages and neutrophils toward sites of infection. It would be specifically classified as a(n) __________. tumor necrosis factor chemokine hormone interferon

chemokine

Cytokines that induce migration of leukocytes into areas of infection or tissue damage are known as ________.

chemokines

Antigenic stimulation of a particular B cell that results in the production of a large number of plasma and memory cells, all capable of responding to that specific antigen, is referred to as _______ ________. (two words)

clonal selection

What type of molecule activates cytotoxic T lymphocytes? antigen presented with MHC I antibodies perforin cytokines released from T helper cells

cytokines released from T helper cells

Which of these cells do NOT have a role in cell-mediated immunity? erythrocytes T helper cells T cytotoxic cells antigen-presenting cells

erythrocytes

Which of the following are NOT antigen-presenting cells ? A) B cells B) macrophages C) helper T cells D) All of the listed choices are antigen-presenting cells. E) dendritic cells

helper T cells

In humans, where do B cells mature? in the bursa in the bone marrow in the blood in the lymph nodes

in the bone marrow

Cell-mediated immunity in part protects against __________. A) bacteria free in body fluids B) intracellular bacteria and viruses C) viruses free in body fluids D) extracellular viruses E) toxins

intracellular bacteria and viruses

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity __________. A) involves eosinophils binding directly to a microbe B) involves NK cells binding directly to a microbe C) involves antibodies binding to a microbe in the same orientation that IgE antibodies bind to basophils D) is particularly important for killing microbes that are too large be destroyed by phagocytosis E) damages, but rarely lyses, a microbe

is particularly important for killing microbes that are too large be destroyed by phagocytosis

The secondary (anamnestic) immune response is due to __________. long-lived memory cells long-lived T helper cells persistent high levels of antibody after the initial exposure to antigen long-lived antibody-producing plasma cells

long-lived memory cells

Which of the following is NOT an effect an antibody might have on a target cell? opsonization lysis neutralization agglutination

lysis

Immunity acquired by transplacental transfer is called __________. naturally acquired active immunity naturally acquired passive immunity artificially acquired passive immunity artificially acquired active immunity

naturally acquired passive immunity

Which of these cell types is NOT involved in cell-mediated immunity? A) T helper cells B) T regulatory cells C) TH1 cells D) plasma cells E) T cytotoxic cells

plasma cells

T cytotoxic cells __________. A) recognize antigen presented by class II MHC molecules B) produce perforin C) respond to viruses free in circulation but not to those in host cells D) are distinguished by the CD4 markers on their surface E) engulf foreign cells

produce perforin

Which of these lists is in the correct order of differentiation? A) stem cells to B cells to plasma cells B) B cells to stem cells to plasma cells C) B cells to plasma cells to stem cells D) plasma cells to B cells to stem cells E) stem cells to plasma cells to B cells

stem cells to B cells to plasma cells

________ are lymphocytes that mature in the thymus.

t cells

HIV selectively destroys CD4 cells and as a result, a person with AIDS is susceptible to life-threatening viral infections. Knowing this, you can conclude that __________. these viruses have T-dependent antigens B cells do not recognize viral antigens CD4 T cells need help from B cells to recognize viral antigens regulatory T cells are killed by the virus these viruses have T-independent antigens

these viruses have T-dependent antigens