ch 17 and ch 18

What is the most frequently isolated Pasteurella species? a. P. multocida b. P. septica c. P. gallicida d. P. canis

ANS: A P. multocida is the most frequently isolated species and includes three subspecies: multocida, septica, and gallicida.

A technician is reading CTA sugars. The maltose and glucose tubes are positive. What organism produces acid in these two tubes? a. Neisseria gonorrhoeae b. N. sicca c. N. lactamica d. N. meningitidis

ANS: D Although rare, glucose-negative, maltose-negative, asaccharolytic strains of N. meningitidis have been isolated. This organism is usually positive for both glucose and maltose.

What is the specimen of choice in males for genital infections? a. Urine b. Throat culture c. Purulent discharge d. Stool

ANS: C The specimen of choice for genital infections in males is the urethra, and in females, the endocervix. In males, purulent discharge can be collected directly onto a swab for culture.

All of the following are rapid methods used to definitively identify Legionella species EXCEPT: a. Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) b. DNA detection c. Indirect immunofluorescence d. Urine antigen testing

ANS: C The three rapid methods for identifying Legionella isolates that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) include DFA, DNA detection, and urine antigen testing.

What is the name of the organism that causes tularemia that can be contracted from rabbits? a. Brucella tularensis b. B. hareis c. Francisella tularensis d. F. philomiragia

ANS: C Tularemia, infection with bacteria from the genus Francisella, is also a zoonotic disease and has many other names include rabbit, deerfly, and lemming fever and water rat trappers' disease. Tularemia can be contracted through ingestion, inhalation, arthropod bite (e.g., ticks and biting flies), or contact with infected tissues.

A microbiologist is reading CTA sugars from a vaginal culture that grew an oxidase-positive, gram-negative cocci. Only the glucose tube is yellow. What is the organism? a. Neisseria meningitidis b. N. sicca c. N. gonorrhoeae d. N. lactamica

ANS: C When using CTA sugars to identify Neisseria spp., if only the glucose tube is fermented, the organism is N. gonorrhoeae

Which species are associated with infections in humans? a. Haemophilus influenzae b. H. aegyptius c. H. ducreyi d. All of the above

ANS: D According to Bergey's Manual of Systemic Bacteriology, 10 species of Haemophilus are associated with humans: H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, H. haemolyticus, H. parahaemolyticus, H. aphrophilus, H. paraaphrophilus, H. paraaphrohaemolyticus, H. aegyptius, H. segnis, and H. ducreyi.

What is the drug of choice for treating Bordetella infections? a.Erythromycin b.Penicillin c.Aminoglycosides d.Quinolones

ANS: A Although a few strains of erythromycin-resistant B. pertussis have been reported, erythromycin is still the drug of choice for treatment and prophylaxis of pertussis.

If a male is infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, what would be the results of a Gram stain of purulent discharge from his urethra? a. Many polymorphonuclear white blood cells, some with gram-negative intracellular diplococci and gram-negative diplococci b. Many mononuclear white blood cells, gram-negative cocci c. Few white blood cells, many red blood cells, and gram-negative rods d. Many polymorphonuclear white blood cells, some gram-negative intracellular rods, and gram-negative rods

ANS: A Because the urethral discharge from a male infected with N. gonorrhoeae is purulent, that means there are many white blood cells in the discharge. Demonstration of gram-negative intracellular diplococci, appearing as kidney or coffee bean shaped, from a symptomatic male with discharge correlates at a rate of 95% with culture and is evidence of gonococcal infection.

What organism causes the disease called whooping cough? a.Bordetella pertussis b.Legionella pneumoniae c.Mycoplasma pneumoniae d.Chlamydophila pneumoniae

ANS: A Both Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis are primary human pathogens of the respiratory tract, causing whooping cough or pertussis, although the latter organism is usually associated with a milder form of the disease.

All Neisseria spp. are generally all of the following EXCEPT: a. Motile b. Aerobic c. Oxidase positive d. Catalase positive

ANS: A Essentially all Neisseria species are aerobic, nonmotile, non-spore-forming, cytochrome oxidase, and catalase positive, gram-negative diplococci

What is the name of the condition in which there is hemorrhage in the adrenal glands? a. Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome b. Leventhal-Stall c. Waldenström's d. Niemann-Pick

ANS: A Hemorrhage in the adrenal glands is called Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome.

Under what conditions should inoculated plates for Neisseria gonorrhoeae culture be incubated? a. 35 C and 3% to 5% carbon dioxide b. 25 C and room air c. 35 C and room air d. 25 C and 3% to 5% carbon dioxide

ANS: A Inoculated plates should be incubated at 35 C in a 3% to 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere.

What organism is a commensal of the upper respiratory tract and has become an opportunistic pathogen causing upper respiratory tract infections in otherwise healthy children and the elderly? a. Moraxella catarrhalis b. Neisseria lactamica c. N. sicca d. N. gonorrhoeae

ANS: A Isolated only from humans, M. catarrhalis is a commensal of the upper respiratory tract. This organism has become an opportunistic pathogen and has been recognized as a cause of upper respiratory tract infection in otherwise healthy children and the elderly.

How are Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections transmitted? a. Sexual contact b. Contaminated food c. Respiratory droplet d. Spores

ANS: A N. gonorrhoeae infections are transmitted most commonly by sexual contact. The primary reservoir is the asymptomatic carrier.

What organism produces a community-acquired pneumonia, with symptoms different than a Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia, leading to the designation of atypical pneumonia? a. Legionella pneumophila b. Mycoplasma urelytica c. Chlamydophila asteroides d. C. trachomatis

ANS: A Pneumonia is the predominant manifestation of Legionella disease, and the organisms are among the top four causes of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila (chlamydia) pneumoniae, and Legionella produce symptoms different from S. pneumoniae and cause a disease sometimes referred to as atypical pneumonia

What are the two types of antibiotics recommended for treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal infections? a. Cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones b. Penicillins and macrolides c. Aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones d. Cephalosporins and penicillins

ANS: A The U.S. Public Health Service currently recommends several antimicrobials for uncomplicated gonococcal therapy. These primary therapies are two broad-spectrum cephalosporins (ceftriaxone and cefixime) and three fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, or levofloxacin).

All of the following are normal inhabitants of the human oral cavity EXCEPT: a. Capnocytophaga fusofurium b. Capnocytophaga gingivalis c. Capnocytophaga ochraceum d. Capnocytophaga haemolyticus

ANS: A The five normal inhabitants of the human oral cavity, C. ochraceum (DF-1), C. gingivalis, C. sputigena, C. haemolyticus, and C. granulose, are all oxidase and catalase negative

All of the following are characteristics of Haemophilus spp. EXCEPT: a. Gram-positive cocci b. Small coccobacilli c. Oxidase positive d. Catalase positive

ANS: A The genus Haemophilus consists of gram-negative, pleomorphic coccobacilli or rods that may vary microscopically from small coccobacilli in direct smears of clinical material to long filaments occasionally seen in stained smears of colony growth. They are nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic, ferment carbohydrates, are generally oxidase and catalase positive, reduce nitrates to nitrites, and are obligate parasites on the mucous membranes of humans and animals.

A mother brings her lethargic, feverish baby into the emergency department. The baby is diagnosed with meningitis and the doctor does a spinal tap. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Gram stain shows many tiny gram-negative rods. What is the most probably identification of this organism? a. Haemophilus influenzae serotype b b. H. parainfluenzae c. H. aegyptius d. H. aphrophilus ANS: A

ANS: A Until recently, serotype b (H. influenzae) had been a common cause of pediatric meningitis in children between the ages of 3 months and 6 years. Bloodstream invasion and bacteremic spread follow colonization, invasion, and replication of this organism in the respiratory mucous membranes. Headache, stiff neck, and other meningeal signs are usually preceded by mild respiratory distress

What is a major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease in women? a. Untreated gonococcal cervicitis b. Untreated meningococcal cystitis c. Treated gonococcal cervicitis d. Treated meningococcal cystitis

ANS: A Untreated gonococcal cervicitis is a major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease in women, which may cause sterility, ectopic pregnancy, or perihepatitis (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome).

What medium will sustain the growth of most Haemophilus spp.? a. Chocolate agar b. SBA c. PEA d. Thayer-Martin

ANS: A When attempting to isolate most Haemophilus spp., chocolate agar is a commonly used medium incubated at 35° C in an atmosphere of 5% to 10% carbon dioxide.

What disease can newborns acquire through a birth canal infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae? a. Conjunctivitis b. Ophthalmia neonatorum c. Ophthalmitis d. Blindness

ANS: B Newborns can acquire ophthalmia neonatorum, a gonococcal eye infection, during vaginal delivery through an infected birth canal. This condition, which can result in blindness if not treated immediately, is rare in the United States because application of antimicrobial eye drops, generally erythromycin, is legally required at the birth of every infant.

If a Gram stain of urethral discharge from a male has more than four polymorphonuclear leukocytes per field but no bacteria, what organism is suspected of causing the infection? a. Neisseria meningitidis b. Chlamydia trachomatis c. N. gonorrhoeae d. C. pneumoniae

ANS: B A Gram stain with more than five polymorphonuclear neutrophils per field but no bacteria may suggest nongonococcal urethritis with organisms such as C. trachomatis or Ureaplasma urealyticum

A microbiologist is reading a sputum culture when she notices tiny, translucent colonies growing closely around a -hemolytic colony on sheep blood agar (SBA). In fact, the colonies are growing in the area where the blood has been hemolyzed. What is the probable identity of the organism that is growing closely to the -hemolytic organism, and why are they growing in the hemolyzed area? a. Neisseria spp., because they need the factor X in this area b. Haemophilus spp., because they need the factor V in this area c. Acinetobacter spp., because they need the factors X and V d. Alcalgenes spp., because they require antibiotics be added to the media

ANS: B A phenomenon that helps in the recognition of Haemophilus spp. that require V factor is satellitism. Satellitism occurs when an organism such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Neisseria spp. produces V factor as a by-product of its metabolism. On SBA plates, tiny colonies of Haemophilus may be seen growing or engaging in satellitism around the V factor-producing organism

A microbiologist reading genital cultures on a Martin-Lewis plate should look for what colonial morphology if Neisseria gonorrhoeae is suspected? a. Large, white, creamy b. Small, tan, translucent c. Small, white, transparent d. Small, rough, transparent

ANS: B Cultures are examined daily for growth and held for 72 hours. Colonies of N. gonorrhoeae on chocolate or selective agar are small, tan, translucent, and raised after 24 to 48 hours of incubation.

What is the common manifestation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in men? a. Painful ejaculation and prostatitis b. Purulent discharge and dysuria c. Dysuria and prostatitis d. Purulent discharge and painful ejaculation

ANS: B Gonorrhea has a short incubation period of approximately 2 to 7 days. In men, acute urethritis, usually resulting in purulent discharge and dysuria (painful urination), is the common manifestation.

What medium is used to isolate Legionella? a. MacConkey b. BCYE c. Chocolate d. Bordet-Gengou

ANS: B Legionella spp. are fastidious, aerobic bacteria that are unable to grow on SBA and require the amino acid L-cysteine for growth. However, buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) agar is the recommended medium for Legionella isolation and is available commercially as nonselective and semiselective media.

To which category does Neisseria spp. belong? a. Facultatively anaerobic b. Capnophilic c. Anaerobic d. Facultatively aerobic ANS: B Neisseria spp. are capnophilic and have optimal growth in a moist atmosphere. They can grow anaerobically if an alternate electron acceptor is available.

ANS: B Neisseria spp. are capnophilic and have optimal growth in a moist atmosphere. They can grow anaerobically if an alternate electron acceptor is available

Nonpathogenic commensal Neisseria spp. include all the following EXCEPT: a. Neisseria lactamica b. N. meningitidis c. N. mucosa d. N. polysaccharea

ANS: B Nonpathogenic commensal Neisseria spp. include N. flavescens, N. lactamica, N. cinerea, N. mucosa, N. polysaccharea, N. sicca, N. subflava, N. elongate, and N. weaveri.

A microbiologist receives cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the laboratory and does a Gram stain on it. Much to her surprise, she sees intracellular and extracellular gram-negative diplococci. What is the most likely organism? a. Neisseria gonorrhoeae b. N. meningitidis c. N. lactamica d. N. sicca

ANS: B On gram-stained smears from specimens such as CSF, the meningococci appear as intracellular and extracellular gram-negative diplococci.

What agar is used to isolate Bordetella species? a.BCYE b.Bordet-Gengou c.Chocolate d.Martin-Lewis

ANS: B Since the original development of Bordet Gengou potato infusion agar with glycerol and horse or sheep blood, few alternative formulations have been as successful. Plates for the recovery of Bordetella species should be incubated at 35° C in ambient air for a minimum of 7 days

All the following organisms are associated with human illness EXCEPT: a. Brucella melitensis b. B. ovis c. B. suis d. B. canis

ANS: B The four species that are most commonly associated with human illness are B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis, and B. canis.

What is the name of the disease that is characterized by rapid onset, acute inflammation, and intense edema that may cause complete airway obstruction in 2- to 4-year-olds? a. Cellulitis b. Epiglottis c. Meningitis d. Conjunctivitis

ANS: B The manifestations of epiglottitis include rapid onset, acute inflammation, and intense edema that may cause complete airway obstruction, requiring an emergency tracheostomy. Because of the possibility of causing further damage, the area is not swabbed for culture, but is treated empirically based on signs and symptoms. The peak incidence occurs in children between the ages of 2 and 4 years.

How is Neisseria meningitidis spread? a. Contaminated food b. Respiratory droplets c. Airborne d. Blood borne

ANS: B The primary sources of epidemic meningitis are oral secretions or respiratory droplets from asymptomatic carriers, especially among close contacts in closed populations such as college dormitories and military barracks.

A microbiologist is reading a sputum culture and notices that there is no growth on the sheep blood and MacConkey agars, but there is growth on the chocolate plate. The colonies on the plate are translucent, moist, smooth, and convex, with a mousy odor. What is the most likely identification of the organism? a. Haemophilus parainfluenzae b. H. influenzae c. H. aegyptius d. H. ducreyi

ANS: B Usually sheep blood agar, chocolate agar, and MacConkey agar plates are inoculated simultaneously from clinical specimens from areas of the human body where Haemophilus organisms may be isolated. Colonies of H. influenzae on chocolate agar appear translucent, tannish, moist, smooth, and convex, with a distinct "mousy, mouse nest," or "bleach-like" odor.

What does blood-borne dissemination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae usually result in? a. Pharyngitis b. Meningitis c. Purulent arthritis d. Pelvic inflammatory disease .

ANS: C Blood-borne dissemination of N. gonorrhoeae occurs in less than 1% of all infections, resulting in purulent arthritis and rarely septicemia

What type of swab should be used for a Neisseria gonorrhoeae culture? a. Cotton b. Calcium alginate c. Dacron d. Flax

ANS: C Calcium alginate and some cotton swabs are inhibitory to N. gonorrhoeae, so Dacron or rayon swabs are preferred.

The symptoms of meningococcal meningitis include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Frontal headache b. Stiff neck c. Backache d. Fever

ANS: C Epidemic meningitis most often occurs in young adults. It is characterized by abrupt onset of frontal headache, stiff neck (nuchal rigidity), and, sometimes, fever.

Gonococcal infections occur primarily in all the following sites EXCEPT: a. Urethra b. Endocervix c. Uterus d. Anal canal

ANS: C Gonococcal infections occur primarily in the urethra, endocervix, anal canal, pharynx, and conjunctiva. Disseminated infections from the primary site may also occur.

What Haemophilus species is called the Koch-Weeks bacillus? a. H. influenzae b. H. parainfluenzae c. H. aegyptius d. H. aphrophilus

ANS: C H. aegyptius (Koch-Weeks bacillus) is genetically related to H. influenzae. H. aegyptius was observed in conjunctivitis exudates from Egyptians by Koch in 1883, hence the species name

Which species of Haemophilus requires both X and V factors? a. H. parainfluenzae b. H. aphrophilus c. H. influenzae d. H. paraphrophilus

ANS: C H. influenzae requires both X and V factors. H. parainfluenzae requires factor V only. H. aphrophilus requires factor X only.

Which one of the virulence factors associated with Haemophilus spp. plays the most significant role in the invasiveness of the organism? a. IgA protease b. Pili c. Capsule d. Enterotoxin

ANS: C Of all the potential virulence factors, the capsule, if present, plays the most significant role. Before widespread use of a vaccine, most invasive infections were caused by encapsulated strains of H. influenzae belonging to capsular serotype b and occurred primarily in young children.

How is Bordetella disease spread? a.Fomites b.Contaminated food c.Respiratory droplet d.Airborne

ANS: C Pertussis is a human disease. No known animal reservoir or vector has been found. Infections caused by Bordetella spp. are acquired through the respiratory tract via respiratory droplets or direct contact with infectious secretions

What media should be used to isolate Neisseria meningitidis? a. Differential and nonselective b. Specific and nonspecific c. Selective and nonselective d. Enriched and nonenriched

ANS: C Selective and nonselective media for the isolation of N. meningitidis should, like cultures for N. gonorrhoeae, be incubated under increased carbon dioxide.

How should a specimen for Neisseria gonorrhoeae be transported to the laboratory? a. Placed in the paper swab cover and transported to the laboratory at the end of the day b. Placed in a bacterial transport and transported to the laboratory at the end of the day c. Placed in a tube of broth and transported to the laboratory immediately d. Placed in Amies with charcoal transport system and transported to the laboratory immediately

ANS: D Because N. gonorrhoeae is extremely susceptible to drying and temperature changes, direct plating of the specimen to gonococcal-selective media gives optimal results. Inoculated swabs should be placed in a transport system such as Amies medium with charcoal, transported to the laboratory immediately, and plated within 6 hours.

What are the names of the two diseases caused by Legionella species? a. Rabbit fever and Pontiac fever b. Scalded skin syndrome and Legionnaire's disease c. Malta fever and undulating fever d. Legionnaire's disease and Pontiac fever

ANS: D Clinical manifestations of Legionella infections include febrile disease with pneumonia (Legionnaires' disease), febrile disease without pulmonary involvement (Pontiac fever), and asymptomatic infection

Why do Thayer-Martin and Martin-Lewis media have antibiotics added? a. To permit the growth of Neisseria spp., Mycoplasma spp., and Ureaplasma spp., because these organisms use the antibiotics as growth factors b. To allow the growth of gram-negative rods c. To allow the growth of gram-positive rods d. To prevent overgrowth of normal florae

ANS: D Cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae requires the use of chocolate agar, but this enriched medium also supports the growth of many other organisms found as commensal in specimens collected for recovery of gonococci. To prevent overgrowth of the normal florae and to enhance the recovery of the pathogenic species, a selective medium containing inhibitors (antibiotics) for gram-negative and gram-positive organism and yeast is added.

The HACEK group includes all of the following EXCEPT: a. Haemophilus spp. b. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans c. Cardiobacterium hominis d. Clostridium difficile

ANS: D HACEK is an acronym consisting of the first initial of each genus represented in the group: Haemophilus spp. especially H. aphrophilus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella sp.

What Neisseria spp. can be found as part of the transient flora of the upper respiratory tract? a. Neisseria gonorrhea b. N. catarrhalis c. N. sicca d. N. meningitidis

ANS: D N. meningitidis is not considered to be part of the normal flora, but it may be found as a commensal inhabitant of the upper respiratory tract of carriers

What is the specimen of choice for Bordetella species? a.Throat cultures b.Sputum specimens c.Bronchial aspirations d.Nasopharyngeal swabs

ANS: D Nasopharyngeal aspirates or swabs (calcium alginate or Dacron polyester with a flexible wire shaft) are the specimens of choice for culture, DFA, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for Bordetella.

All of the following include disadvantages of nucleic acid probes for Neisseria gonorrhoeae EXCEPT: a. Lesser sensitivity than cervical cultures in females b. Not approved for pharyngeal or rectal specimens c. Do not allow for recovery of an organism to be used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing d. Are able to identify all N. gonorrhoeae isolates, including beta-lactamase-positive strains

ANS: D Nucleic acid detection methods are rapid and sensitive, but they do have some drawbacks. Some disadvantages of the nucleic acid probes include the following: lesser sensitivity than cervical culture in females, so should be used in high-risk populations only; not approved for pharyngeal or rectal specimens and should not be used in children or sexual abuse cases; cannot identify an N. gonorrhoeae infection produced by a -lactamase-producing strain; do not allow for recovery of an organism to be used for susceptibility testing; and false-positive results reported with some strains of N. lactamica and N. cinerea.

What is the drug of choice for treating a Legionella infection? a. Aminoglycosides b. Penicillin c. Vancomycin d. Erythromycin

ANS: D Susceptibility testing of Legionella spp. is not standardized or routinely performed. When infections are diagnosed early, they can usually be treated successfully with erythromycin or a combination of erythromycin and rifampin

What is the drug of choice for treating a life-threatening illness caused by H. influenzae? a. Penicillin b. Macrolides c. Aminoglycosides d. Ceftriaxone

ANS: D The current recommended treatment of life-threatening illness caused by H. influenzae is cefotaxime or ceftriaxone. Alternative drugs include trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin.

If a female is symptomatic, what are the symptoms of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in women? a. Endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease b. Diarrhea and endometriosis c. Purulent arthritis and dysuria d. Vaginal discharge and dysuria

ANS: D The endocervix is the most common site of infection in women, resulting in vaginal discharge and dysuria. However, up to 50% of cases in women may be asymptomatic. Symptoms of infection, when present, include dysuria, lower abdominal pain, and vaginal bleeding.

The virulence factors for Neisseria spp. include all the following EXCEPT: a. Capsule b. Endotoxin c. Pili d. Exotoxin ANS: D The pathogenic Neisseria spp. have several characteristics that contribute to their virulence. These virulence factors include the presence of the following: receptors for human transferring, capsule, pili, cell-membrane proteins, endotoxin, and IgA protease that cleaves IgA on mucosal surfaces.

ANS: D The pathogenic Neisseria spp. have several characteristics that contribute to their virulence. These virulence factors include the presence of the following: receptors for human transferring, capsule, pili, cell-membrane proteins, endotoxin, and IgA protease that cleaves IgA on mucosal surfaces.

A young adult goes to the emergency room complaining of headache, dizziness, stiff neck, and purpura with a petechial skin rash. What two tests should the physician immediately perform? a. Skin scraping and pupil dilation b. Genital and throat culture c. Urine and blood culture d. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture

ANS: D When Neisseria meningitidis enters the bloodstream, two main diseases may occur: fulminant meningococcemia or meningitis. Meningococcemia, or sepsis, may occur with or without meningitis and carries a 25% mortality rate, even if treated. Purpura (hemorrhaging of blood into the skin and mucous membranes producing bruises) with petechial skin rash (pinpoint red spots caused by hemorrhage), tachycardia, and hypotension may develop during bacteremia, and thrombosis is common.

What organisms often are involved in septicemia in the granulocytopenic patient? a. Capnocytophaga b. Eikenella corrodens c. Kingella spp. d. Fusobacterium spp.

Answer: A Unlike the members of the HACEK group, Capnocytophaga spp. are not commonly involved in endocarditis as they are in septicemia in the granulocytopenic patient.

What organism causes Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF)? a. Haemophilus parainfluenzae b. H. aphrophilus c. H. aegyptius d. H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius

Despite being nonencapsulated, H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius causes a severe systemic disease known as Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF) in hot climates.

What organism is likely to cause an infection after a cat bite? a. Campylobacter spp. b. Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides c. Francisella tularensis d. Pasteurella spp.

Pasteurellosis, infection with Pasteurella spp., is a zoonosis—a disease that humans acquire from exposure to infected animals or products made from infected animals. Although Pasteurella infections can result from a variety of animal bites, they often occur as the result of feline bites.