Ch 2
A hydrogen ion, formed during the dissociation of water, has a charge of
+1
What is the charge of a hydroxide ion
-1
The atomic mass of carbon-13 is
13
The atomic number of carbon-13 is
6
Molecules that are more polar tend to have
A higher heat of vaporization A higher specific heat
Valence electrons and their interactions determine the (. ) properties of an element.
Chemical
The number and configuration of electrons determines an element's
Chemical properties
What type of bond is formed when 2 atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons?
Covalent
Water consists of one oxygen atom joined to two hydrogen atoms by two single, polar
Covalent bonds
Atoms are composed of a central nucleus which is surrounded by which orbiting particles?
Electrons
The number and configuration of ______ determines the chemical behavior of an atom.
Electrons
This Subatomic particles can be found at various distances from the nucleus
Electrons
When electrons move closer to the nucleus,
Energy is released
Which of the following molecules is likely to have the highest specific heat and the highest heat of vaporization
H2O
The amount of energy required to change 1 g of a substance from a liquid to a gas is called
Heat of vaporization
What is the temperature of a substance a measure of?
How fast it's particles are moving
"Water-loving"
Hydrophilic
"Water-fearing"
Hydrophobic
The atoms in NaCl are held together by what type of bond?
Ionic
When an acid is dissolved in water, how does it change the solution's pH
It decreases the solution's pH by releasing protons in the solution
Is sold water more or less dense than liquid water?
Less dense
Arrange the following states of water in order from most dense to least dense
Liquid Solid Gas
A(n) (. ) is made of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds in a stable association. The atoms may or may not belong to the same element. Listen to the complete question
Molecule
group of atoms held together by chemical bonds in a stable association is called
Molecule
Atoms are composed of a central (. )which is surrounded by orbiting (. )
Nucleus/electrons
How is the crystal structure of salt formed?
Positively charged sodium ions are attracted to negatively charged chloride ions
Atomic number refers to the number of
Protons
Which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of an atom
Protons and neutrons
The three main types of subatomic particles are
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
Atoms are composed of?
Subatomic particles
Electrons in outer, unfilled energy levels are known as
Valence electrons
When 1 g of fructose is dissolved in 500 mL of water, what is the solvent and what is the solute.
Water/fructose
The orbitals of an atom contain negatively charged particles called
electrons
Substances composed of atoms that all have the same number of protons are called
elements
In order for an electron to move to a more distal orbital which of the following must occur?
energy must be added
In living organisms, almost all chemical reactions are catalyzed by protein catalysts called
enzymes
In living systems, which of the following catalyze almost every chemical reaction necessary for life?
enzymes
Atoms that have gained or lost electrons and are no longer electrically neutral are called
ions
Buffer
is a substance or a mixture of substances that act to resist changes in pH.
If different atoms have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons they are called
isotopes
What does it mean when we say water is adhesive
it is attracted to other polar molecules and ions
Substances or a mixture of substances known as buffers, act in living things to resist changes in
pH
The nucleus of an atom always contains one or more
protons
Because polar water molecules attract each other, water is said to be
cohesive
Water consists of one oxygen atom joined to two hydrogen atoms by what type of bonds
covalent
1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. T
A neutral oxygen atom (atomic number = 8) has 8 electrons located in 2 different electron orbitals. 2. Hydrogen has only one neutron and no protons in its nucleus. 3. An atom consists of a central nucleus surrounded by electrons that are in constant motion. 4. Almost all of the mass of an atom is concentrated in its electrons. 5. The orbital of an electron is the volume of space where the electron is most likely to be found. 6. Almost all of the volume of an atom is empty space. 7. The reactivity or chemical behavior of an atom depends primarily on the number of neutrons it has. 8. Modern physics indicates that we cannot determine the exact location of a particular electron at any given time. 9. Electrons are maintained in their orbitals by their attraction to the positively charged nucleus. 10. Atomic orbitals represent probability distributions for electrons and come in a variety of shapes.
A substance that increases [H+] and decreases pH when it dissociates in water is called a(n)
Acid
The attraction of water to other polar substances is called
Adhesion
Hydrophobic substances tend to
Aggregate together when mixed with water in order to minimize contact with water Assume shapes that minimize contact with water Repel water
Matter
Anything that has mass and occupies space is defined as which of the following?
