Ch. 2
cleavage
A mineral property that can be observed without using a test is:
The right mineral would have one direction of cleavage.
Based on the different crystalline structure of these two carbon minerals, how would the two minerals likely differ?
contain enough of a commodity to be mined at a profit.
For a rock to be considered an ore, it must
This mineral does not have cleavage
From the list provided below, choose those observations that accurately describe the mineral presented in this image.
all of these
How do silica tetrahedra bond in silicate minerals? -with each other by sharing an oxygen -with other elements, such as potassium -in single or double chains -in sheets
Mohs Hardness Scale
Identify the list that consists of ten common minerals ranked in order of increasing hardness, from 1 to 10.
The mineral will fracture in an irregular pattern.
If a mineral lacks planes along which it may cleave, what will occur?
metallic
In which of the following types of bonding are electrons shared widely by many atoms, as shown in this figure?
ionic
In which of the following types of bonding do atoms loan one or more electrons, as shown in this figure?
covalent
In which of the following types of bonding do atoms share one or more electrons, as shown in this figure?
Atoms in a mineral are arranged in an ordered geometric pattern.
Minerals have an ordered internal atomic arrangement. What does this mean?
specific gravity
The ratio of density of a mineral to that of freshwater is called the
Covalent bonds in both minerals are very strong, but intermolecular bonds between sheets in graphite are very weak.
This image shows bonding for graphite (on the left) and diamond (on the right). Both minerals are made of carbon, so why do they have very different properties (why is graphite so soft while diamond is so hard)?
crystalline vs. clastic
What are the two main ways that minerals are put together in rocks?
the polar nature of the water molecule
What characteristic of water helps it cause a mineral, such as halite, to dissolve?
color
Which mineral property is the least reliable for identifying a mineral?
all of these factors determine whether a rock is an ore
Which of the following does NOT determine whether a rock is an ore?
human-made
Which of the following is NOT a required criterion for a substance to be classified as a mineral?
3
a cube of some rock weighs 6 grams, and a same-size cube of water weighs 2 grams. what is the specific gravity of this rock?
of the arrangement of atoms in the crystal lattice
the mineral halite has cube-shaped crystals because
tetrahedron
what arrangement of atoms does this diagram illustrate
they formed into a space filled with water rather than solid rock
what does the shape of these crystals indicate about the environment in which they formed?
luster
what mineral property is illustrated by this image?
streak
what mineral test is shown in the photograph?
one direction of cleavage
what type of cleavage would be exhibited by a mineral that has this arrangement of silicon tetrahedron?
clastic rock
what type of rock is shown in this photograph?
crystalline rock
what type of rock is shown in this photograph?
all of these
which of the following is NOT a mineral? -liquid water -crystals grown in a laboratory -volcanic glass -piece of wood
When water freezes, the molecules arrange into a crystal form in which they are farther apart than in liquid water.
why is ice less dense than water?
