Ch 2

What is the basis for virtually all societies?

family unit

A culture's overall orientation toward time is known as its...

time perspective.

Which of the following is not a factor that creates problems in literal translations and slang expressions? A) differences in the direction in which written words are read B) symbolic meanings associated with words C) All of these choices are factors that create problems in literal translations and slang expressions. D) difficulty of pronouncing certain words E) absence of some words from various language

A) differences in the direction in which written words are read

Howard Industries is a computer manufacturer located in Laurel, MS. This company is interested in expanding internationally. Which of the following is a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy that Howard Industries needs to be aware of? A) nonverbal communications B) natural resources C) economic conditions D) exchange rates E) all of the above

A) nonverbal communications

Which of the following is an example of a self-oriented value? A) religious/secular B) individual/collective C) risk taking/security D) tradition/change E) diversity/uniformity

A) religious/secular

Which culture has traditionally valued the wisdom that comes with age?

Asian

In the United States, promptness is considered a virtue. Americans are expected to be on time to an event, and they expect others to do so as well. Which aspect of culture best explains this behavior? A) Culture is a simple concept. B) Culture is acquired, that is, it is learned. C) Culture is something one is born with. D) Culture is unique to each individual in a society. E) Culture is time-bound.

B) Culture is acquired, that is, it is learned.

Which of the following statements is true regarding culture? A) Culture is a relatively simple concept. B) Culture is acquired. C) Culture often provides detailed prescriptions for appropriate behavior. D) The nature of cultural influences is such that we are consciously aware of them. E) All of these choices are correct.

B) Culture is acquired.

Norms are derived from A) education. B) laws. C) cultural values. D) Correct E) international protocol.

C) cultural values.

__________ is the complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society.

Culture

With respect to demographics, which of the following describes the society in terms of age, income, education, and occupation? A) composition B) size C) concentration D) structure E) distribution

D) structure

Which of the following is a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy? A) demographics B) values C) language D) nonverbal communications E) All of these choices are correct.

E) All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following is not an example of an other-oriented value? A) diversity/uniformity B) youth/age C) extended/limited family D) masculine/feminine E) tradition/change

E) tradition/change

__________ represents generally accepted ways of behaving in social situations.

Etiquette

Adapting products and services to local considerations is known as localizing. T/F?

False

Collectivism is a defining characteristic of American culture. T/F?

False

Two companies cannot use the same logo and brand name when operating in different countries. T/F?

False

__________ tend to feel they don't have control over the outcome of events.

Fatalists

Nicholas is examining how people in India perceive time, space, symbols, relationships, agreements, things, and etiquette. He is interested in these factors because they influence...

Nonverbal Communication

Other-oriented values reflect a society's view of the appropriate relationships between individuals and groups within that society. T/F?

True

Personal space refers to the nearness that others can come to you in various situations without your feeling uncomfortable. T/F?

True

The fact that Americans are prone to engage in physical activities and to take an action-oriented approach to problems can be explained through which self-oriented value dichotomy? A) diversity/uniformity B) competitive/cooperative C) sensual gratification/abstinence D) active/passive E) age/youth

active/passive

Marketers that wish to expand internationally need to understand a culture's widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable. To do this, marketers should study...

cultural values.

Dale has to write a research report about Poland in his International Marketing class. One aspect he must learn about the country is its size, structure, and distribution. What does this represent?

demographics

Charmaine is a member of a junior miss organization that teaches young women how to behave in various social situations. She is learning manners, how to carry herself, and appropriate attire for specific situations. Charmaine is learning...

etiquette.

Psychographics describe a population in terms of its size, structure, and distribution. T/F?

false

Trademarks...

for the most part need to be established on a country-by-country basis.

Which one of the four segments of world citizens feels positively about international brands because they view them as a signal of higher quality?

global citizens

Which type of materialism is the acquisition of things to enable one to do something?

instrumental

The nearness that others can come to you in various situations without your feeling uncomfortable is known as

personal space.

A culture that tends to view time as being less discrete and less subject to scheduling, views simultaneous involvement in many activities as natural, allows activities to occur at their own pace rather than according to a predetermined timetable is adhering to a _________ time perspective.

polychronic

Jose is from Brazil and is currently enrolled in an MBA program at a U.S. university. He routinely comes to class 30-60 minutes late and does not turn in assignments by the deadline. One of his professors pulled him aside and asked him why he's always late for class and turns his work in late. Jose was surprised that his professor was bothered by this as this behavior is entirely acceptable in Brazil. In fact, it's expected. Which of the following best describes Jose's time perspective? A) monochronic B) spontaneous C) variable D) parallel E) polychronic

polychronic

Which value relates to tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty avoidance? A) risk taking/security B) diversity/uniformity C) masculine/feminine D) youth/age E) individual/collective

risk taking/security

With respect to demographics, which of the following refers to the number of individuals in a society?

size

Which type of materialism is the acquisition of items for the sake of owning the item itself?

terminal

Which of the following countries tends to value individualism over collectivism?

the United States

Which of the following statements is false regarding youth and age? A) Arab countries are becoming increasingly youth-oriented. B) Children in all countries have a significant influence on purchases. C) American society is youth-oriented. D) China's policy of limiting families to one child has produced a strong focus on the child. E) Mature spokespersons would tend to be more successful in Asian cultures because they have traditionally valued the wisdom that comes with age.

Children in all countries have a significant influence on purchases.

Which of the following is a key consideration for each geographic market that a firm is contemplating? A) Is the geographic area homogenous or heterogeneous with respect to culture? B) What needs can this product or a version of it fill in this culture? C) What are the distribution, political, and legal structures for the product? D) In what ways can we communicate about the product? E) All of these choices are correct.

E) All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following statements is false regarding cross-cultural marketing? A) There are both subtle and direct ethical issues involved in international marketing. B) Cultures may differ in demographics, languages, nonverbal communications, and values. C) Marketing across cultural boundaries is a difficult and challenging task. D) Increasingly, globalization means mutual influence as products, brands, cultures, and values move back and forth across the world. E) While marketing strategy is heavily influenced by cultural factors, it does not influence aspects of cultures.

E) While marketing strategy is heavily influenced by cultural factors, it does not influence aspects of cultures.

__________ are the arbitrary meanings a culture assigns actions, events, and things other than words.

Nonverbal communication systems

__________ are rules that specify or prohibit certain behaviors in specific situations.

Norms

__________ values reflect a society's view of the appropriate relationships between individuals and groups within that society.

Other-oriented

__________ is based on the cost of a standard market basket of products bought in each country.

Purchasing power parity (PPP)

The changing and expanding roles of women throughout much of the world is creating new opportunities as well as challenges for marketers. T/F?

True

The color blue connotes femininity in Holland but masculinity in Sweden and the United States. T/F?

True

The family unit is the basis for virtually all societies. T/F?

True

__________ values prescribe a society's relationship to its economic and technological as well as its physical environment.

environment-oriented

Robert is 15 years old and has recently moved to a new town, and therefore, a new high school. He was trying to get accepted by a group of kids that he wanted to be friends with. When they asked him to attend a party over the weekend, he said he'd have to ask his parents for permission. This group of students laughed at him and called him a "momma's boy" and told him he can't be one of them because they don't ask parents for permission, they just do what they want. This social disapproval of Robert's behavior is an example of a(n)

sanction