Ch. 2 : Caudal Fins

What is the difference between a protocercal tail and a diphycercal tail?

-Portocercal = notochord - Diphycercal = vertebrae

What is the function of caudal fin?

-generates thrust for forward swimming -forward motion attained by side-to-side flexure of body, culminating in thrust from caudal fin

What caudal fin exhibits a vertebrae that extends to the tip of the tail?

Diphycercal

What caudal fin is symmetrical and expanded?

Diphycercal

What kind of caudal fin do lungfishes, bichirs and coelacanths have?

Diphycercal

What caudal tail has a vertebral column that extends into upper lobe of fin?

Heterocercal

What caudal tail has a longer upper lobe than the lower lobe of fin?

Heterocercal tail

What type of caudal fin do Anguilliform eels and cods have?

Isocercal

What caudal fin is long, tapering and whip-like joining dorsal and anal fins forming one confluent fin?

Leptocercal tail

What is the most primitive/underived type of caudal fin?

Protocercal

What caudal fin is also known as the bridge tail?

gephyrocercal

What caudal fin is the dorsal and anal fins having grown around posterior end of fish?

gepphyrocercal tail

What type of caudal fin do chondrichthyes (sharks) have?

heterocercal

What type of caudal fin do sturgeons and paddlefishes have?

heterocercal

What kind of caudal tail do most bony fishes have?

homocercal

What type of caudal fin has a vertebral column that ends in modified vertebrae that support the fin?

homocercal

What type of caudal fin has equal upper and lower lobes?

homocercal

What caudal fin is a homocercal tail lacking well define lobes?

isocercal

What caudal fin is similar in appearance to protocercal but with the same internal structure as homocercal?

isocercal

What caudal fin is found on fishes in several benthic marine fishes of deep oceans?

leptocercal

What kind of tail does a rattail have?

leptocercal

What caudal fin evolved in jawed fishes?

letpocercal

What caudal fin has a notochord extending to/near end of tail with roughly equal areas of fin above/below it?

protocercal

What caudal fin is symmetrical and continuous around tail lobe, with notochord reaching the end of the tail?

protocercal

What caudal fin occurs in embryos of many fishes?

protocercal

What kind of caudal tail do lampreys, hagfishes and lancelets/amphioxus have?

protocercal

Caudal fin

Well developed in majority of fishes but may be reduced or absent in some (eels)

What type of caudal fin do gars and bowfin have?

abbreviated heterocercal