CH. 2-Questions

Overall, mental abilities increase at least until around age _____, after which they may level off and remain high throughout early and middle adulthood.

20

Which of the following statements about dual systems model is true?

All of the statements are true. Adolescent behavior is a result of the interaction between two different thinking systems. B) Adolescents have two different thinking systems—one that is intuitive and gut-level and one that is deliberative and logical. C) The risk-taking peak in adolescence cannot be entirely due to logical reasoning deficiencies because adults do not always act logical.

Which of the following is generally true regarding the stability of IQ scores during adolescence?

IQ scores are relatively stable even though adolescents' cognitive abilities improve dramatically

Piagetian theorists believe that the foundation of formal-operational thinking that clearly differentiates adolescents' thought from that of children is:

abstract logical reasoning.

Improvements in all of the following domains during adolescence have been linked with the information processing perspective, except:

adolescent egocentrism.

When adolescents become extremely skeptical, and begin doubting the certainty of things that they had previously believed, they are demonstrating:

adolescent relativism.

Compared with children, all of the following are true for adolescents, except:

adolescents' feel more entitled to nurturance rights.

How does the cognition of adolescents compare to that of children?

adolescents' thinking becomes multidimensional, rather than unidimensional

All of the following statements about changes in social cognition between childhood and adolescence are false, except:

all of these statements are false. adolescents become less able to see things from other vantage points. B) adolescents are less able to view social rules as subjective. C) adolescents develop a less differentiated understanding of social norms.

In regard to adolescent risk-taking behavior, researchers working from a behavioral decision theory framework have proposed that adolescents:

are more attuned to the potential rewards than adults

Which of the following is not an accurate description of the difference between child and adolescent thinking skills, from the perspective of information-processing theory?

children have higher abilities in divided attention

Which of the following techniques is not likely to reduce adolescent risk taking in the real world?

classroom-based lessons that teach adolescents how to make better decisions

According to Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence, individuals possess intelligence that involves our ability to acquire, store, and process information, known as:

componential intelligence.

Which of the following is not a common brain imaging technique used to study adolescent brain changes?

computed tomography (CT)

Adolescents' thought processes, unlike those of children, are not necessarily tied to:

concrete events.

Adolescents develop the ability to draw logical conclusions based on a set of facts or premises, known as:

deductive reasoning.

Which type of attention involves the ability to pay attention to two sets of stimuli at the same time?

divided attention

According to the textbook, scientists believe that much of the synaptic pruning that takes place in the frontal lobe during the mid-adolescent years is affected by:

experience.

Piaget described the stage of cognitive development that emerges between adolescence and adulthood as the:

formal operations period.

All of the following may result from advancements in adolescent thinking capacities, except:

issues that are potentially rewarding and issues that are potentially "boring."

With age, adolescents increasingly distinguish between:

issues that authority figures have the right to regulate and issues that are their own personal choice.

Which of the following best represents Keating's (2011) conclusions regarding differences in cognitive processes between children and adolescents?

it is unlikely a single factor distinguishes thinking in childhood from adolescence

The ability to understand that others have beliefs, intentions, and knowledge that may be different from one's own is:

known as theory of mind.

The large part of the brain that processes emotions, and may make individuals more emotional, more responsive to stress, and more likely to engage in reward-seeking and sensation-seeking behavior, is known as the:

limbic system.

The monitoring of one's own cognitive activity during the process of thinking is:

metacognition.

The adolescent's ability to understand sarcasm in comparison to a child is indicative of the advanced ability to engage in:

multidimensional thinking.

The fatty substance that acts as insulation around brain cells allowing them to function faster and more efficiently is known as:

myelin.

A different type of functional change in the brain involves changes in how the brain is affected by the activity of dopamine and serotonin. Dopamine and serotonin are examples of:

neurotransmitters.

Piaget's theory of cognitive development would support which of the following conclusions regarding achievement of formal-operational thinking?

not all adolescents, or adults, develop formal operational thinking

Lev Vygotsky is well known for his concept of the zone of proximal development, which states that individuals learn best when new information is:

of moderate difficulty, but still within the individual's intellectual reach

The adolescent's ability to provide more sophisticated answers to complex questions is a result of the development of thought conducted:

on multidimensional levels

Adolescents' egocentric and erroneous belief that their feelings and experiences are unique is known as the

personal fable.

Full maturation of the _____ is not complete until sometime between adolescence and early adulthood. This part of the brain is in control of planning, decision-making, goal-setting, and metacognition.

prefrontal cortex

Individuals who have a higher need for _____ may be more likely to engage in risky behaviors compared to their peers.

sensation seeking

During adolescence, the brain may lose many of its redundant neuronal connections, leading to improved information processing, through a process known as:

synaptic pruning.

Given the choice, the fact that people are more likely to pull a lucky lottery ticket from an envelope of 100 tickets, of which 10 are lucky, compared to pulling a ticket from an envelope of 10 tickets, of which 1 is lucky—despite the fact that they know that the mathematical odds of pulling a lucky ticket are identical in the two scenarios—is an example of:

the gap between competence and performance.

A heightened sense of self-consciousness, which can lead a young person to believe that he or she is the focus of everyone's attention, is a phenomenon known as:

the imaginary audience.

Which of the following is not one of the regions of the prefrontal cortex that undergoes significant maturation during adolescence?

the sensorimotor cortex