Ch. 2 Revel

What is the process whereby the structure and function of brain cells change in response to trauma, damage, or even learning?

Neuroplasticity

In which of the following lobes of the cortex would you find the primary visual cortex?

Occipital

Your friend Melissa has suffered from diabetes for her entire life. She regularly tests her blood to make sure her sugar levels are not too high or low. Which gland in her endocrine system is responsible for regulating her blood sugar?

Pancreas

Which gland(s) have the greatest influence over the components of the endocrine system?

Pituitary

Which brain structure allows you us to pay attention to certain stimuli while ignoring others?

Reticular Formation

Which of the following would be active if you have just had an automobile accident?

Sympathetic division

Neurotransmitters must pass from an axon terminal to the next dendrite by crossing a fluid-filled called the

Synapse

Which brain structure relays incoming sensory information?

Thalamus

When a neuron's resting potential is occurring, the neuron is __________ charged on the inside.

Negatively

Which of the following techniques analyzes blood oxygen levels to look at the functioning of the brain?

fMRI

The neurons of the sensory pathway contain

Afferent neurons

The venom of a black widow spider acts as a(n) ______________ by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine

Agonist

If you were to develop a rare condition in which you were not able to remember to be afraid of certain situations, animals, or events, which part of the brain would most likely be damaged?

Amygdala

Which part of the neuron carries messages to other cells?

Axon

What part of the brain can sometimes be referred to as the "rind" or outer covering?

Cortex

Dr. Roll is conducting a research study. She wants to measure the physical connectivity in the research participants' brains by imaging their white matter. Which of the following methods will she use?

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)

If you were suffering from neurological problems and your neurologist wanted to have a study done of your brain and its electrical functioning, which of the following techniques would be most appropriate?

EEG

Which of the following techniques involves passing a mild current through the brain to activate certain structures without damaging them?

Electrical Stimulation of the brain (ESB)

Which of the following is associated with pain relief?

Endorphins

Which of the following is a function of glial cells?

Getting nutrients to the neurons, Cleaning up the remains of dead neurons, Generating myelin

Yvonne's ability to reach for and pick up her book is largely due to the functions of the ________ pathway of the ___________ nervous system.

Motor; Somatic

Although oxytocin has been tied to a variety of prosocial behaviors such as "love" and "trust", some researchers believe that in humans, it may actually work to increase ___________.

The importance of some social stimuli

If you touch a hot stove, your spinal cord can prompt you to withdraw your hand without having to send the message all the way to the brain. This is due to what scientists call

The reflex arc

Andrew has always been thin. In fact, he often seems to be able to eat whatever he wants without gaining weight. The doctor told his parents that Andrew's _________ gland is the cause of his fast metabolism.

Thyroid

You have a dream in which you wake up to find that people around you are using words that make no sense. What's more, your friends don't seem to understand you when you speak. At one point in your dream, your mom tells you that you almost forgot your tree limb today. When you give her a puzzled look, she holds up your lunchbox and repeats, "you know, your tree limb." Your predicament in your dreams is most likely which of the following disorders?

Wernicke's Aphasia