CH 2

Which of the following statements about photographic resolution is true? a. Resolution is commonly quantified by pixels. b. An image photographed with a high-resolution camera, if printed on a low-resolution printer, will show fine detail clearly.​ c. A megapixel is roughly equivalent to 2,000 dots.​ d. A low-resolution image, if enlarged too much, will not lose quality.

a. Resolution is commonly quantified by pixels.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of photographs? a. They do not show actual distances. b. They can show relevant information.​ c. They can explain testimony.​ d. Photographs are admissible in court.​

a. They do not show actual distances.

Which plotting method establishes a straight line from one fixed point to another fixed point from which measurements are taken at right angles? a. baseline b. rectangular-coordinate c. triangulation d. cross-projection

a. baseline

What is a frequent objection when photographs are used in court? a. color distortion. b. image preservation. c. copy distortion. d. tampering.

a. color distortion.

Which type of photography is often used to establish the identity of a subject, a location, and in some cases criminal behavior? a. surveillance b. infra-red c. digital d. mobile

a. surveillance

The amount of notes taken is determined by: a. the conditions of each case. b. whether the crime is a felony or not.​ c. department policy and procedure.​ d. calls for service.

a. the conditions of each case.

Record all information that helps answer the questions: a. Who? What? Which? When? How? and Why? b. Who? What? Where? When? How? and Why?​ c. Which? When? Why? Where? and How many?​ d. Why? When? and Why or why not?​

b. Who? What? Where? When? How? and Why?​

Those tasked with videotaping a crime scene in many agencies fail to provide: a. enough videotape. b. adequate training. c. adequate supervision. d. enough portable power sources.

b. adequate training.

Which type of photography may be best used for extensive, large-scale, outside areas? a. flash photography b. aerial photography c. painting with light d. walking flash

b. aerial photography

Providing proof that the image introduced into evidence is the same image taken at the crime scene is referred to as: a. redundancy. b. authentication. c. concrete evidence. d. pictometry.

b. authentication.

Showing the relationship between evidence on the walls and the floors of a room, by flattening out the walls on the sketch, allowing the viewer to look straight down into the sketch, is best done using which of the following methods? a. compass-point b. cross-projection c. rectangular-coordination d. doll-house

b. cross-projection

One of the disadvantages of photographs is that they: a. ​can be taken immediately and thus the crime scene processors have not prepared the scene. b. do not show actual distances. c. are not admissible into court.​ d. are only allowed in court if black and white.​

b. do not show actual distances.

​These cameras are specially constructed to take pictures of fingerprints without distortion. They provide their own light through four bulbs, one in each corner. Removing a bulb from any corner provides slanted lighting to show fingerprint ridge detail. They are a. tripod cameras. b. fingerprint cameras. c. backlit cameras. d. blacklight cameras.

b. fingerprint cameras.

Admissible photographs must be: a. inflammatory b. material c. irrelevant d. extraneous

b. material

Which type of photograph would best capture the immediate crime scene and the location of objects in the area or room? a. long-range shot b. medium-range shot c. close-range shot d. none of these choices

b. medium-range shot

In which direction should the top of a sketch be oriented? a. west b. north c. south d. east

b. north

Surveillance photography is often called: a. crime scene photography. b. trap photography. c. lineup photography. d. geographical photography.

b. trap photography.

Which process would enlarge the evidence to be viewed? a. microphotography b. ​macrophotography c. paleontology d. odontology

b. ​macrophotography

A sketch drawn or personally witnessed by an investigator that accurately portrays a crime scene and that is allowed into evidence is referred to as: a. freehand. b. exculpatory. c. admissible. d. courtroom.

c. admissible.

Sketch all serious crime and crash scenes: a. after taking photographs. b. before anything is moved. c. both after taking photographs and before anything is moved. d. neither after taking photographs nor before anything is moved.

c. both after taking photographs and before anything is moved.

Which of the following does a crime scene sketch accomplish? a. accurately portrays the measureable facts b. relates to the disarray of events at the scene​ c. establishes the precise location and relationship of objects and evidence at the scene d. finds perspective witnesses​

c. establishes the precise location and relationship of objects and evidence at the scene

What should be photographed first? a. the deceased b. weapons c. fragile evidence d. witnesses

c. fragile evidence

Photographs should be taken in the following order: a. specific objects, specific area, and general area. b. specific area, general area, and specific objects.​ c. general area, specific area, and specific objects.​ d. micro to macro in all cases.​

c. general area, specific area, and specific objects.​

​A major advance is the ability of computer software to stitch together digital photos of 180 degrees or more to create one 360-degree photo—a panoramic view of a crime scene that is interactive, allowing viewers, including jury members, to walk through it as though they were there. This type of 360-degree photographic view is called: a. an aerial view. b. an exploded view. c. immersive imaging. d. walkthrough imaging.

c. immersive imaging.

Which are permanent written records of the facts of a case to be used in further investigation, in writing reports, and in prosecuting the case? a. field notes b. tape recordings c. investigative notes d. stenographer notes

c. investigative notes

When taking notes, the investigator should: a. ​ignore unimportant items. b. write only the important items.​ c. learn to select key facts and record them in abbreviated form. d. never take notes but always memorize things verbatim and record them later.

c. learn to select key facts and record them in abbreviated form.

The photographic technique in which a scene is photographed clockwise, with the first picture showing a specific object on one side of the photograph and the next picture showing the same object on the opposite side of the photograph, is called: a. scoping. b. cross-projection photography. c. overlapping. d. triangulation.

c. overlapping.

The basic purpose of field notes is to: a. show the officer was at the scene. b. show the date and time of the incident.​ c. record all facts of the incident.​ d. capture the officer's thoughts of the incident.​

c. record all facts of the incident.​

Notes are: a. obtaining information. b. necessary. c. records of what is seen or heard. d. measurements of what is seen or heard.

c. records of what is seen or heard.

According to the Handbook of Forensic Services, what should be used when photographing latent prints? a. flash and marker b. ruler and a pencil c. tripod and cable release d. macrolens and flashlight set at an oblique angle​

c. tripod and cable release

The Bertillon identification system includes: a. a written description of a person. b. a person's complete criminal record. c. a photograph. d. a written description, complete measurements, and a photograph of a person.

d. a written description, complete measurements, and a photograph of a person.

Photographs should be taken: a. before officers leave the scene. b. only after the investigators complete a crime scene sketch. c. before tending to emergencies, to show the "true" scene as officers found it. d. before anything is disturbed.​

d. before anything is disturbed.​

Which type of camera is most likely to cause privacy issues? a. Polaroid b. dash camera c. point-and-shoot camera d. body camera

d. body camera

Crime scene photographs are: a. substitutes for sketches. b. substitutes for notes. c. better than sketches. d. effective visual aids.

d. effective visual aids.

​The main problem with night photography is: a. lack of color. b. shadows. c. the cost of calling out a photographer.​ d. proper illumination.​

d. proper illumination.​

​The Handbook of Forensic Services recommends when taking photographs/videotape, the investigator should: a. take the primary points of concern or interest. b. take only those shots wanted by the prosecutor.​ c. examine the scene from all sides and take only the sides of the crime scene that show the best view. d. take sufficient photographs and/or videotape to reconstruct the entire scene.

d. take sufficient photographs and/or videotape to reconstruct the entire scene.

According to a national video forensics expert, what is the "new DNA for law enforcement"? a. fingerprints b. tire tracks c. footprints d. video analysis

d. video analysis