Ch. 22
B
Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is ________. A) less than the pressure in the atmosphere B) greater than the pressure in the atmosphere C) equal to the pressure in the atmosphere D) greater than the intra-alveolar pressure
C
Factors that influence the rate and depth of breathing include ________. A) Its concentration in the blood is decreased by hyperventilation. B) Its accumulation in the blood is associated with a decrease in pH. C) More CO2 dissolves in the blood plasma than is carried in the RBCs. D) CO2 concentrations are greater in venous blood than arterial blood.
A
The volume of air inspired that does not enter the respiratory zone is known as _____________________ dead space. A) anatomical B) total C) alveolar D) walking
B
The volume of air inspired that enters alveoli not acting in gas exchange is known as _____________________ dead space. A) anatomical B) alveolar C) total D) walking
D
The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II. A function of type II is to _____. A) replace mucus in the alveoli B) trap dust and other debris C) protect the lungs from bacterial invasion D) secrete surfactant
B
Tidal volume is air ________. A) remaining in the lungs after forced expiration B) exchanged during normal breathing C) inhaled after normal inspiration D) forcibly expelled after normal expiration
D
Which of the choices below determines the direction of respiratory gas movement? A) temperature B) solubility in water C) molecular weight and size of the gas molecule D) partial pressure gradient
C
Which of the following counteracts the movement of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) from the RBC? A) Bohr effect B) Haldane effect C) chloride shift D) release of hydrogen ion
D
Which of the following incorrectly describes mechanisms of CO2 transport? A) 7-10% of CO2 is dissolved directly into the plasma B) 20% of CO2 is carried in the form of carbaminohemoglobin C) as bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) in plasma D) attached to the iron (Fe) of hemoglobin
B
n long-term compensation of an individual who moves from Miami, Florida (sea level) to La Paz, Bolivia (11,900 ft. above sea level), this change in altitude results in erythropoiesis and __________. A) angiogram B) angiogenesis C) cholelithiasis D) hemostasis
D
Cutting the phrenic nerves will result in _____. A) paralysis of the epiglottis B) stimulation of the diaphragmatic reflex C) air entering the pleural cavity D) paralysis of the diaphragm
A
In short-term compensation of an individual who moves from Myrtle Beach, SC (sea level) to Bogota, Colombia (8600 ft. above sea level), this change in altitude results in _______________ in the minute ventilation. A) an increase B) decrease C) no change
D
Regarding dead space in the respiratory system, which of the following is true? A) total dead space = anatomical dead space + walking dead space B) total dead space = anatomical dead space - alveolar dead space C) total dead space = alveolar dead space - anatomical dead space D) total dead space = anatomical dead space + alveolar dead space
A
Select the correct statement about the neural mechanisms of respiratory control. A) The pons is thought to be instrumental in the smooth transition from inspiration to expiration. B) The dorsal respiratory group neurons depolarize in a rhythmic way to establish the pattern of breathing. C) The pontine respirator group (PRG) continuously stimulates the medulla to provide inspiratory drive. D) The ventral respiratory group is contained within the pons.
D
Select the correct statement about the neural mechanisms of respiratory control. A) The pontine respiratory group (PRG) continuously stimulates the medulla to provide inspiratory drive B) The ventral respiratory group is contained within the pons C) The dorsal respiratory group neurons depolarize in a rhythmic way to establish the pattern of breathing D) The pons is thought to be instrumental in the smooth transition from inspiration to expiration
D
Which of the following is true concerning the mechanics of breathing (pulmonary ventilation)? A) The diaphragm and internal intercostals assist in inspiration. B) Atelectasis can occur when the intrapulmonary pressure is greater than the intrapleural pressure. C) The recoil of the lungs assists quiet (normal) inspiration. D) Surfactant reduces the surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli.
A
Which of the following is true regarding the differences in the composition of atmospheric and alveolar air? A) Po2 in the atmospheric air is greater than the Po2 in the alveolar air. B) Po2 in the alveolar air is greater than the Po2 in the atmospheric air. C) Pco2 in the atmospheric air is greater than the Pco2 in the alveolar air. D) Po2 in the atmospheric air is equal to the Po2 in the alveolar air.
D
With the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released because a(n) _____. A) decrease in pH (acidosis) strengthens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond (affinity) B) increase in pH (alkalosis) strengthens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond (affinity) C) increase in pH (alkalosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond (affinity) D) decrease in pH (acidosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond (affinity)
B
With the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released because a(n) ________. A) decrease in pH (acidosis) strengthens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond (affinity) B) decrease in pH (acidosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond (affinity) C) increase in pH (alkalosis) strengthens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond (affinity) D) increase in pH (alkalosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond (affinity)
B
_____________________ is an increase in the rate and depth of breathing that exceeds the body's need to remove CO2. A) Hypoventilation B) Hyperventilation C) Hyperpnea D) Hypopnea
