CH 24 Urinary System Quiz Review BSC2086

(1) __________________ increases thirst and ADH secretion, stimulates vasoconstriction of arterioles and increases (2) _____________ secretion.

1) Angiotensin II 2) aldosterone

Name the processes in urine formation

1) Filtration 2) Reabsorption 3) Secretion

(1) _______________ water reabsorption cannot be prevented, whereas (2) _________________ water reabsorption can be precisely controlled.

1) Obligatory 2) facultative

The main difference between afferent and efferent arterioles is that (1)____________ arterioles carry blood to the glomerulus whereas (2)____________ arterioles take the blood away from the glomerulus.

1) afferent 2) efferent

The (1) _______________ ___________ is a smooth muscle found in the wall of the bladder. Its main function is to compresses the urinary bladder and expel urine through the __________.

1) detrusor muscle 2) urethra

Urine formation involves (1) _______________ of the plasma, (2) ______________________ from the filtrate, and the secretion into the filtrate.

1) filtration 2) reabsorption

The first step in renal processing involves Glomerular (1)_____________. It is a process of bulk flow: water and low molecular weight substances move from the lumen of the capillary, across the ____________ membrane, and into ___________ space/capsule.

1) filtration 2)filtration 3) Bowman's

The filtrate passes from the (1)______________ ___________ to the (2)_______________ _______________ tubule, then to the loop of Henle, then to the (3)_______ ______________ tubule, then to the (4)______________ ______, which empties into the (5)_______ ________, from there urine passes through (6)_______ ___________ to get to the renal pelvis before it is transported out of the kidneys by the (7)_________.

1) glomerular capsule 2) proximal convoluted 3) distal convoluted 4) collecting duct 5) minor calyces 6) major calyces 7) ureters

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) (1)_____________, less urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine _______________.

1) increases 2) increases

One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to increase secretion of (1) ______ by the _______________________ complex.

1) renin 2) juxtaglomerular

Which of the hormones below is responsible for facultative water reabsorption? A) ADH B) thyroxine C) aldosterone D) atrial natriuretic peptide

A) ADH

Which of the following should not be found in the glomerular filtrate? A) Albumin B) Sodium C) Potassium D) Water

A) Albumin

The renal corpuscle is made up of ________. A) Bowman's capsule and glomerulus B) the descending nephron loop C) the renal pyramid D) the renal papilla

A) Bowman's capsule and glomerulus

What happens at the glomerular membrane? A) Water and dissolved solute are filtered into Bowman's capsule. B) The JGA cells release ADH. C) The JGA cells release aldosterone. D) Na+ is reabsorbeD)

A) Water and dissolved solute are filtered into Bowman's capsule.

Renal failure causes anemia because of A) a lack of erythropoietin. B) gross hematuriA) C) uremia-induced hemolysis. D) uremia-induced hypokalemiA)

A) a lack of erythropoietin.

The function of angiotensin II is to ________. A) constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure B) decrease the production of aldosterone C) decrease arterial blood pressure D) decrease water absorption

A) constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure

Which is the correct order of filtrate flow? A) glomerular capsule, Proximal Convoluted tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle, Distal Convoluted tubule (DCT), Collecting duct B) Loop of Henle, glomerular capsule, PCT, DCT, Collecting duct C) Ascending limb of Loop, PCT, DCT, Collecting duct D) Collecting duct, DCT, PCT, Collecting duct, glomerular capsule E) PCT, glomerular capsule, DCT, Collecting duct, Loop of Henle

A) glomerular capsule, Proximal Convoluted tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle, Distal Convoluted tubule (DCT), Collecting duct

The release of ADH will increase the number of aquaporins in the DCT which _______________ water reabsorption and ___________ urine volume. A) increase /reduces B) increase / increases C) decrease /reduces D) decrease /increases

A) increase /reduces

The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________. A) nephron B) nephron loop C) glomerular capsule D) capsular space

A) nephron

The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the ________. A) nephron loop B) glomerular filtration membrane C) collecting duct D) distal convoluted tubule

A) nephron loop

This term means entry of substances into the body from the filtrate. A) reabsorption B) filtration C) secretion D) excretion E) none of the above

A) reabsorption

The portion of the kidney that extends between the renal pyramids is called the A) renal columns B) renal medulla C) renal pelvis D) calyces E) renal papilla

A) renal columns

During __________________, fluids move from the peritubular fluid into the tubular fluid. A) secretion B) filtration C) reabsorption

A) secretion

_______________________ is a hormone produced by the adrenal gland. This hormone acts mainly in the functional unit of the kidneys to aid in the conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium, water retention and to stabilize blood pressure.

Aldosterone

___________________ triggers CNS responses including increasing thirst, increasing ADH production and increasing sympathetic motor tone.

Angiotensin II

_____________________ hormone increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water by increasing the number of aquaporins.

Antidiuretic

What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal? A) Net filtration would increase above normal. B) Net filtration would decrease. C) Filtration would increase in proportion to the increase in capsular pressure. D) Capsular osmotic pressure would compensate so that filtration would not change.

B) Net filtration would decrease.

This transports urine from the kidney to the bladder. A) Urethra B) Ureter C) Descending loop of Henle D) Renal hilus E) None of the above

B) Ureter

Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle? A) a podocyte B) a vasa recta C) a fenestrated capillary D) an efferent arteriole

B) a vasa recta

This layer of filtration membrane is composed of collagen fibers and proteoglycans in a glycoprotein matrix. A) glomerular endothelial cells B) basal lamina C) pedicels D) filtration slites E) slit membrane

B) basal lamina

The calyces receive urine from the A) proximal convoluted tubule. B) collecting ducts. C) glomeruli. D) peritubular capillaries.

B) collecting ducts.

The distal convoluted tubules extend to become the A) peritubular capillaries. B) collecting ducts. C) descending limb (loop of Henle). D) glomeruli.

B) collecting ducts.

Intense sympathetic stimulation of the kidney associated with the "fight or flight" response will _____________ renal flow. A) increase B) decrease C) stop D) bypass

B) decrease

During ________________, fluids move from the glomerular capillaries into the capsular space A) secretion B) filtration C) reabsorption

B) filtration

Which of the choices below is a function of the nephron loop? A) form a large volume of very concentrated urine or a small volume of very dilute urine B) form a large volume of very dilute urine or a small volume of very concentrated urine C) absorb electrolytes actively and water by osmosis in the same segments D) absorb water and electrolytes into the tubular network

B) form a large volume of very dilute urine or a small volume of very concentrated urine

The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the ________. A) colloid osmotic pressure of the blood B) glomerular hydrostatic pressure C) capsular hydrostatic pressure D) myogenic mechanism

B) glomerular hydrostatic pressure

23) Excretion of dilute urine requires ________. A) relative permeability of the distal tubule to water B) impermeability of the collecting tubule to water C) transport of sodium and chloride ions out of the descending nephron loop D) the presence of ADH

B) impermeability of the collecting tubule to water

An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a(n) ________. A) decrease in the production of ADH B) increase in the production of ADH C) increase in the production of aldosterone D) decrease in the concentration of the blood plasma

B) increase in the production of ADH

The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________. A) active transport B) osmosis C) filtration D) cotransport with sodium ions

B) osmosis

The distal convoluted tubule A) receives urine from the collecting duct. B) reabsorbs Na+ in response to aldosterone. C) is the nephron structure that is primarily associated with filtration. D) empties its urine into Bowman's capsule.

B) reabsorbs Na+ in response to aldosterone.

Which of the following words best describes the function of the urinary bladder? A) filtration B) storage C) reabsorption D) buffering of H+

B) storage

Low levels of oxygen stimulate the kidneys to secrete this hormone. A) Renin B) Aldosterone C) Erythropoietin D) converting enzyme

C) Erythropoietin

Select the correct statement about the ureters. A) Ureters contain sphincters at the entrance to the bladder to prevent the backflow of urine. B) The epithelium is stratified squamous like the skin, which allows a great deal of stretch. C) The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract. D) The ureter is innervated by parasympathetic nerve endings only.

C) The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract.

Which of the following is absorbed across the walls of the collecting duct under the influence of ADH? A) Potassium B) Urea C) Water D) Albumin

C) Water

Which of the following hormones is important in stimulating water conservation in the kidneys? A) aldosterone B) progesterone C) antidiuretic hormone D) atrial natriuretic peptide

C) antidiuretic hormone

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________. A) when the peritubular capillaries are dilated B) when the pH of the urine decreases C) by a decrease in the blood pressure D) when the specific gravity of urine rises above 1.10

C) by a decrease in the blood pressure

ADH exerts its effects on the A) proximal convoluted tubule. B) afferent arteriole. C) collecting duct. D) renal pelvis.

C) collecting duct.

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) _______________, more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine _______________. A) decreases / increases B) increases / decreases C) decreases / decreases D) increases / increases

C) decreases / decreases

Where does aldosterone exert its effects? A) Glomeruli B) efferent arteriole C) distal convoluted tubule D) ascending limb (loop of Henle)

C) distal convoluted tubule

Urine flows from the ascending limb (loop of Henle) into the A) glomeruli. B) proximal convoluted tubule. C) distal convoluted tubule. D) ureter.

C) distal convoluted tubule.

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system A) reabsorbs K+ and eliminates Na+ in the urine. B) causes albuminuriA) C) expands blood volume. D) causes hematuriA)

C) expands blood volume.

Which condition is associated with proteinuria? A) a bladder infection B) Urethritis C) glomerular disease D) deficiency of ADH

C) glomerular disease

The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is ________. A) the ionic electrochemical gradient B) protein-regulated diffusion C) glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure) D) the size of the pores in the basement membrane of the capillaries

C) glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure)

The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it ________. A) has a basement membrane B) is impermeable to most substances C) is drained by an efferent arteriole D) has a blood pressure much lower than other organ systems

C) is drained by an efferent arteriole

Which of the following is not a part of the juxtaglomerular complex? A) granular cells B) macula densa C) podocyte cells D) mesangial cells

C) podocyte cells

During ____________________, fluids move from the tubular fluid into the peritubular fluid A) secretion B) filtration C) reabsorption

C) reabsorption

The filtration membrane includes all except ________. A) glomerular endothelium B) podocytes C) renal fascia D) basement membrane

C) renal fascia

The renal capsule A) lines the tubules. B) lines the urinary bladder. C) surrounds the kidneys. D) outlines the trigone.

C) surrounds the kidneys.

What vascular structure is found between the afferent and efferent arterioles? A) peritubular capillaries B) renal artery C} glomerulus D) renal veins

C} glomerulus

Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body. 1. major calyx 2. minor calyx 3. nephron 4. urethra 5. ureter 6. collecting duct A) 3, 1, 2, 6, 5, 4 B) 6, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4 C) 2, 1, 3, 6, 5, 4 D) 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 4

D) 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 4

Which hormone affects blood volume? A) PTH B) erythropoietin C) Insulin D) Aldosterone

D) Aldosterone

What is the major artery that supplies the kidneys? A) carotid B) portal C) celiac axis D) Renal

D) Renal

In the process of secretion, a substance moves from the peritubular capillaries into this structure. A) Glomeruli B) Calyces C) renal pelvis D) Tubules

D) Tubules

This structure is located between the renal pelvis and the urinary bladder. A) urethra B) trigone C) urinary meatus D) Ureter

D) Ureter

Aldosterone A) depletes blood volume. B) causes potassium reabsorption. C) causes sodium excretion. D) causes Na+ and water reabsorption.

D) causes Na+ and water reabsorption.

The descending limb of the nephron loop ________. A) is not permeable to water B) is freely permeable to sodium and urea C) pulls water by osmosis into the lumen of the tubule D) contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla

D) contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla

Which of the choices below is not a function of the urinary system? A) helps maintain homeostasis by controlling the composition, volume, and pressure of blood B) regulates blood glucose levels and produces hormones C) maintains blood osmolarity D) eliminates solid, undigested wastes and excretes carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat

D) eliminates solid, undigested wastes and excretes carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat

Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it ________. A) is not reabsorbed by the tubule cells B) increases the rate of glomerular filtration C) increases secretion of ADH D) inhibits the release of ADH

D) inhibits the release of ADH

Aldosterone A) is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland B) acts on the collecting duct blocking the reabsorption of water. C) stimulates the reabsorption of water, but has no effect on potassium. D) is a mineralocorticoid that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium.

D) is a mineralocorticoid that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium.

What is the urine-making structure of the kidney? A) trigone B) renal pyramid C) renal capsule D) nephron unit

D) nephron unit

Which blood vessels are primarily concerned with reabsorption? A) renal artery B) glomeruli C) renal vein D) peritubular capillaries

D) peritubular capillaries

The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of ________. A) glucose B) hormones C) electrolytes D) plasma protein

D) plasma protein

The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) secretes A) aldosterone. B) ADH. C) angiotensin. D) renin.

D) renin.

The body's water volume is closely tied to the level of which of the following ions? A) calcium ions B) potassium ions C) hydrogen ions D) sodium ions

D) sodium ions

______________ is the process of using an artificial semipermeable membrane to remove wastes and retain plasma proteins in the blood of a person whose kidneys are not functioning properly.

Dialysis

This is an hormone produced by the kidneys A) Renin B) ADH C) ANP D) Angiotensin II E) Calcitriol

E) Calcitriol

Which structure of the nephron reabsorbs the most substances? A) glomerular capsule B) Loop of Henle C) Ascending limb D) Collecting duct E) Proximal convoluted tubule

E) Proximal convoluted tubule

Increased secretion of Aldosterone would result in a ______________ of blood ____________? A) increase, potassium B) decrease, volume C) increase, calcium levels D) decrease, pH E) increase, sodium

E) increase, sodium

Renal Failure

Life threatening condition which occurs when the kidneys cannot filter wastes from blood and can no longer maintain homeostasis which impairs all systems in the body.

Dialysis

Process of passive diffusion across a selectively permeable membrane

________ _____________ is the condition in which the kidneys lost the ability to remove waste and balance fluids to maintain homeostasis

Renal failure

What is the function of the detrusor muscle?

The detrusor muscle remains relaxed to allow the bladder to store urine, and contracts during urination to release urine.

Kidney filters damaged by kidney disease may let proteins such as ___________ leak from the blood into the urine.

albumin

The ___________ arterioles form from a convergence of the capillaries of the glomerulus and carry blood away from the glomerulus that has already been filtered.

efferent

The filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle consists of what three layers?

fenestrated endothelium of glomerular capillaries, basement membrane, and podocyte filtration slits

The chief force that drives the process of filtration is ______________________ ________________ ______________..

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

The ________________ ______________ is a specialized structure formed by the distal convoluted tubule and the glomerular afferent arteriole.

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Each of the functional units in the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and its associated tubule, through which the glomerular filtrate passes before emerging as urine is a called:

nephron

The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the __________________ capillaries.

peritubular

Healthy kidneys do not allow a significant amount of __________ to pass through their filters.

protein

The greatest variety of chemicals of the tubular filtrate will be conserved(reabsorbed) by the ___________ _____________ ___________.

proximal convoluted tubule.

Regarding kidney function, in ____________________, water and solutes are transported from the tubular fluid, across the tubular epithelium, and into the peritubular fluid.

reabsorption

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is the ________________ of nutrients.

reabsorption

The ______________ is the point where the two or three major calyces join together.

renal pelvis

The juxtaglomerular apparatus contains juxtaglomerular cells (JG cells, or granular cells) which synthesize, store, and secrete the enzyme _______ when the blood volume or blood pressure in the __________ arteriole decreases.

renin/afferent

The structures of the renal corpuscle are

the glomerulus and the glomerular capsule

The structures that enter and exit the kidney at the hilum are:

the renal artery and renal nerves enter; the renal vein and ureter exit at the hilum.