ch 25 t and f
1) If the GFR is too low, needed substances may pass so quickly through the renal tubules that they are not absorbed and instead are lost in the urine.
f
11) The collecting duct is impermeable to water in the presence of ADH.
f
13) Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress.
f
15) Blood pressure in the renal glomerulus is lower than in most parts of the body in order to conserve body water.
f
16) The proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct.
f
17) Urea is reabsorbed in the loop of Henle.
f
19) The myogenic mechanism reflects the tendency of vascular smooth muscle to stretch.
f
20) An excessive urine output is called anuria.
f
22) The trigone is so named because of the shape of the urinary bladder.
f
24) The macula densa cells are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in the urea content of the filtrate.
f
27) Having a kinked ureter is called renal ptosis.
f
9) Glomerular filtration is an ATP-driven process.
f
7) Urine is 95% water by volume.
t
8) The act of emptying the bladder is called voiding.
t
10) In the absence of hormones, the distal tubule and collecting ducts are relatively impermeable to water.
t
12) The urethra contains an internal sphincter of smooth muscle.
t
14) Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate.
t
18) Incontinence is the inability to control voluntary micturition.
t
2) In the kidneys, the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the loop of Henle of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier) and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger). This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically.
t
21) Tubular secretion is effective in controlling blood pH.
t
23) Atrial naturetic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption.
t
25) Blood in the urine may be a symptom of bladder cancer.
t
26) Obligatory water reabsorption involves the movement of water along an osmotic gradient.
t
3) The ureter transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
t
4) Water reabsorption through the proximal convoluted tubule is termed obligatory water reabsorption, whereas water reabsorption through the distal convoluted tubule is termed facultative water reabsorption.
t
5) The position of the kidneys behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity is described by the term retroperitoneal.
t
6) The entire responsibility for urine formation lies with the nephron.
t