CH 25 The Industrial Revolution
Section 01
The Beginnings of Industrialization
2. How was the textile industry changed by the new inventions?
The textile industry changed by the new inventions because there was more clothes and was made more quickly.
4. Name two major reform movements of the 1800s.
The two major reforms were the abolishment of slavery in British territories and America. Another reform was giving women rights and equality. Mary Wallstone
Karl Marx
Economic thinker who wrote about a radical form of socialism. Written communism of manifest
communism
Form of socialism in which all production is owned by the people
Industrial Revolution
Great increase in machine production that began in England in the 18th century. Like or similar to the French revolution, scientific revolution, glorious revolution and neolithic revolution.
2. What were three positive effects of industrialization?
Three positive effects of industrialization were it created jobs, made people more wealthy and produced better diets , housing, clothing and lives.
socialism
Belief that businesses should be owned by society as a whole
enclosure
Large closed-in field for farming
industrialization
Process of developing machine production of goods
2. How are capitalism and socialism different?
The difference is that in capitalism are few people benefit whilst in socialism they wanted people to enjoy the benefits of increased production.
1. Why was Britain the first country to industrialize?
Britain was the first to industrialize because they had the resources such as coal, water, iron ore, harbors, rivers and banks. They also had the factors of production such as land, labor (workers) and wealth (capitalism).
factory
Building where goods are made
change
By hand to machines. home to factories. 1 to mass production
1. How does capitalism work?
In capitalism, people invest their money into a business to make profit.
Section 02
Industrialization Case Study: Manchester
Section 03
Industrialization Spreads
3. Why is Manchester a good example of how industrialization changed cities?
Manchester is a good example of how industrialization changed cities because it became crowded and filthy. Workers worked long hours and child labor was in place.
utilitarianism
Belief that an idea is only as good as it is useful
corporation
Business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not responsible for its debts
urbanization
City building and the movement of people to cities
factors of production
Conditions needed to produce goods and services. LLC - land, labor and capital
capitalism
Economic system in which people invest money to make a profit
laissez faire
Economic theory that argues that governments should not interfere with business affairs
2. Which nations industrialized first, and why?
Belgium was the first to industrialized because they were rich in coal, waterways and iron. Germany industrialized because it was rich in coal.
middle class
A social class of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers. In comparison to the Third estate in France.
1. How did industrialization begin in the United States?
Industrialization begin in the United States when Britain stopped shipping goods, resulting with America making its own goods. American also had resources such as coal, water and iron ore.
3. How did industrialization lead to imperialism?
Industrialization lead to imperialism because as nations got more power than other nations. They took advantage of other nations like Europe with Africa.
union
Organized groups of workers that bargain with business owners to get better pay and working conditions
strike
Organized refusal to work
entrepreneur
Person who organizes, manages, and takes on the financial risk of a business enterprise
Adam Smith
Philosopher who defended laissez-faire economics. He wrote the Wealth of Nations.
crop rotation
Planting a different crop in a different field each year
Section 04
Reforming the Industrial World
stock
Right of ownership in a company called a corporation
3. What effects did the invention of the steam engine have?
The effects of the invention of the steam engine were people can move goods more quickly, and created thousands of new jobs.
3. How did both the government and workers themselves try to improve workers' lives?
The government set laws that limited the amount women and children worked and the workers' formed unions that helped them get better-working conditions by striking.
1. What were major changes in living conditions and working conditions?
The living and working conditions were horrible. Many people moved to the cities for better jobs. With this amount of people, the cities were crowded and fulled with filth. The working conditions were 14 hours a day, 6 days a week with no protection.