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What is the best description of a topical hemostatic​ agent?

A dressing that is specifically designed to stop bleeding

Which of these patients would the EMT recognize as suffering from an evisceration​ injury?

A male patient with a loop of intestine protruding from an open surgical wound

Which patient requires the EMT to remove an impaled object in the​ field?

A young female with a broken pencil through her cheek and into the​ oropharynx; blood from the injury is flowing into her throat

Which type of injury is most likely to result in capillary bleeding​ only?

Abrasion

A patient was assaulted and sustained multiple injuries of various types. Which injury does the EMT recognize as presenting the greatest risk for​ infection?

Abrasion to the right side of the face

You have just applied a pressure dressing to the leg of a woman who suffered a deep laceration to her calf from a piece of broken glass. What should you do​ next?

Assess for a pedal pulse

As you approach a young male lying on the sidewalk who was called into 911 as an​ "unresponsive male," you observe an area of dark blood on his pants. He appears​ lethargic, pale, and diaphoretic. Your first action in caring for this patient would be​ to:

Assess the airway

Which statement about dressings and bandages is​ true?

Bandages should not be applied until bleeding is controlled

While en route to a domestic violence incident with possible​ injuries, the police contact you and report that a male patient has arterial bleeding from a stab wound to the arm. Given this​ information, which bleeding characteristics do you​ expect?

Bright red blood that is spurting with each beat of the heart

An alert and oriented patient has had a portion of his hand amputated by a table saw. Assessment reveals the patient to be in great​ pain, with a moderate amount of dark red blood still coming from the injury site. His airway is open and his breathing is​ fast, but adequate. The radial pulse is rapid and​ strong, and his skin is warm and dry. The​ patient's amputated hand has been placed in a bag of ice by coworkers. What should the EMT do​ immediately?

Control the bleeding with direct pressure

A patient was building a bomb in his garage when it accidentally detonated. Assessment findings from the rapid secondary assessment reveal part of the intestines and a portion of the liver protruding from the right side of the abdomen. Proper care of this injury would​ include:

Covering the exposed organs with a large sterile dressing soaked with sterile water

Which sign or symptom of shock will be observed​ last?

Decreased blood pressure

The​ EMT's initial concern when treating a patient with a gunshot wound to the chest​ is:

Ensuring an open airway

A patient has suffered an open crush injury to his elbow. As you approach​ him, you note the patient is sitting upright and holding a towel to his elbow. Although the towel is soaked with​ blood, the elbow does not appear to be actively bleeding. Your first action in caring for this patient should be​ to:

Evaluate the​ patient's airway

When providing prehospital care to a female patient with a​ soft-tissue injury, which statement is​ true?

Hands should be washed even if gloves were worn during care

A​ 49-year-old male was climbing on a truck at a construction site when he fell backward to the ground. He presents with a​ 2-inch linear wound to the top of his head. Bleeding has been controlled and the skull can be seen through the wound. How should you document this injury on the prehospital care​ report?

Laceration

Prior to your arrival on the scene of a motorcycle​ crash, an Emergency Medical Responder contacts you via radio and reports that there is one patient who has an avulsion to her left arm. As a knowledgeable​ EMT, which kind of injury should you​ anticipate?

Loose flap of skin torn on the​ patient's left arm

Which clinical finding is most suggestive of a patient who is​ decompensating?

Narrowing pulse pressure

A​ 54-year-old male patient has been involved in a car crash. Window glass has caused an open wound to his upper neck. Which dressing is best for this​ injury?

Occlusive dressing

You believe that a patient who has been shot in the lower abdomen is bleeding internally and is in an early stage of shock. The​ patient's mental status is decreasing. What would be appropriate prehospital care of this​ patient?

Oxygen therapy and rapid transport to the hospital

A​ 48-year-old male is in shock from injuries sustained in a motor vehicle collision. Which assessment​ finding(s) is​ (are) most suggestive that the patient may have internal​ bleeding?

Pelvic instability with a BP of​ 78/48 mmHg

A female patient has been involved in a motorcycle crash. Your scene​ size-up reveals her to be unresponsive and lying in the roadway. It also appears that her left leg has been amputated at the knee. What should the EMT do​ immediately?

Perform a​ jaw-thrust maneuver

A​ 40-year-old homeless male is found lying in the street. The physical examination reveals that the patient has a stab wound to the​ mid-chest. He is unresponsive and his skin is cool to the touch. His respirations are snoring at 40​ breaths/min and his pulse is 120​ beats/min. Which care should the EMT provide​ first?

Perform a​ jaw-thrust maneuver

The EMT is by the side of a young female who was cut while washing dishes. She has a jagged laceration to her left forearm that is bleeding steadily and heavily. When attempting to control the​ bleeding, the EMT would​ first:

Place a large sterile dressing over the​ site, with hand pressure applied over the top of the dressing

A pregnant​ 31-year-old female has been shot in the neck.​ Currently, she is responsive to verbal​ stimuli, with an open airway and​ rapid, but adequate respirations. Her radial pulse is weak and fast. Vital signs are as​ follows: pulse 152​ beats/min, respirations 22​ breaths/min, blood pressure​ 92/76 mmHg, and SpO2​ 100% on​ high-concentration oxygen as initiated by the fire department EMRs. Which other intervention by the EMT will most benefit this​ patient?

Place an occlusive dressing on the neck and keep the patient warm during transport

A small metal rod was thrown from a metal lathe while it was in operation and is now impaled in a​ man's inner thigh. Assessment indicates that there is no active bleeding from the​ site, but the surrounding tissues are ecchymotic. The paramedic asks you to stabilize the rod with bulky dressings. You recognize this action is important because it​ will:

Prevent motion of the rod and further internal injury

Severe external bleeding should be controlled during which phase of the patient​ assessment?

Primary assessment

A man has been bitten in his arm by his dog. He states that the bite occurred several hours​ earlier, when he accidentally stepped on the​ dog's paw. When​ asked, he tells you that the dog is​ up-to-date on all her​ shots, including the rabies vaccine. Assessment reveals two small puncture wounds to the hand with some bruising in the surrounding tissue. The patient wants to refuse treatment and transport. Given these assessment​ findings, what is the primary reason this patient should be seen in the emergency​ department?

Risk for infection

A patient suffered abrasions to the legs after falling on a moving treadmill. In relation to the function of the​ skin, the EMT should be most concerned​ about:

Risk for infection

Which observations would cause the EMT to classify a​ patient's soft tissue injury as an​ abrasion?

Skin is scraped and​ red; blood is oozing from the injury site

When performing the primary​ assessment, which sign or symptom best suggests that the patient is in​ shock?

Skin that is cool and diaphoretic

Assessment findings for a driver who was ejected from his vehicle in a​ rollover-type collision include unresponsiveness and bruising to the abdominal and pelvic​ areas, along with an open femur fracture. The patient has an open airway and is breathing at 32 times per minute with absent alveolar breath sounds. His skin is cool and​ diaphoretic; the radial pulses are weak. Manual cervical spine motion restriction is being maintained. The​ EMT's next action would be​ to:

Start positive pressure ventilation

You are called for a​ 78-year-old female who fell earlier in the day. As you enter her​ kitchen, you observe her sitting in a chair with ecchymotic areas to her left cheek and left arm. There also appears to be blood on her pants. She is on home oxygen for COPD and is breathing in a moderately labored manner. The patient states that she fell a few hours​ ago, and now the pain and swelling in her arm are unbearable. She has also developed significant lower neck pain. What should you do​ first?

Take manual spinal motion restriction precautions

You are called for a​ 2-year-old boy who has a nosebleed. While you are en route to the​ call, the dispatcher informs you that the patient has hemophilia. As an​ EMT, you should recognize​ that:

The bleeding may be significant

In the human​ body, which condition is present when a person is in​ shock?

The cells do not get enough oxygen and waste products accumulate

Another crew has called for your assistance in extricating an obese male with a nosebleed from a​ third-floor bedroom. As you enter the​ room, which observation indicates proper management of the​ patient's condition?

The patient is sitting​ upright, leaning​ forward, with nostrils pinched shut

A patient has suffered a small but jagged laceration to her left hand. When cleaning the​ wound, it is important that the​ EMT:

Use sterile gauze and wipe in a direction away from the site of injury

When managing a patient with a soft tissue​ injury, it is essential that the EMT performs which​ action?

Use the appropriate personal protective equipment

A​ 24-year-old male has cut his arm with a table saw. Assessment reveals dark red blood flowing steadily from the laceration. As an​ EMT, you would identify this bleeding​ as:

Venous

Which statement made by the EMT shows an understanding of dressing and bandaging a​ wound?

​"I always leave the tips of the fingers or toes exposed when bandaging the arm or leg so future assessment of circulation is​ possible."

While riding a​ bike, a young boy fell onto a stick protruding from the ground. The stick impaled him in the neck. The boy immediately pulled the stick out and ran​ home, where his mother called 911. Assessment reveals a gaping wound to the right neck. All hemorrhage has clotted off and manual cervical spine motion restriction is being maintained. Which instructions should you provide to the other EMTs on​ scene?

​"Place an occlusive dressing over the wound and tape it on all four​ sides."

You have arrived at a scene where a young girl tripped while​ running, and pushed her arms through a plate glass window while falling. She is responsive to painful stimuli and has blood spurting from a large laceration on her right upper arm. Your partner yells for you to immediately apply direct pressure to the laceration to prevent further blood​ loss, while he works to control the airway. You have yet to apply​ gloves, but your uniform shirt has long​ sleeves, and you normally wear prescription glasses. What would you do​ next?

Apply gloves prior to applying direct pressure over the injury site

You respond to a​ single-car accident in which an unrestrained​ 3-year-old child was thrown from the back seat into the​ windshield, striking his head. As your partner applies spine motion restriction​ precautions, you note that the child has a patent​ airway, is breathing​ well, and is alert and​ oriented; however, you also notice that blood and fluid are draining from his right ear. How would you treat the​ bleeding?

Apply a dressing loosely over the ear to absorb the blood and fluid

You are called for an alert and oriented female who had a cesarean section several days ago.​ Today, the patient bent over and tore the surgical incision open. There is a moderate amount of bleeding coming from the​ site, but otherwise the patient is stable. What should the EMT do to control the​ bleeding?

Apply a multitrauma dressing over the incision

When assessing a​ patient, you note a bruise to his chest. On the prehospital care​ report, this injury is properly documented​ as:

Ecchymosis

A​ 66-year-old female patient has been struck by a car. Your assessment reveals gurgling​ respirations, rapid​ breathing, and​ cool, diaphoretic skin. You also observe bruising to the chest and abdomen. What should you do most​ immediately?

Suction the airway

Which statement shows that the EMT understands the use of a tourniquet in controlling​ bleeding?

​"A tourniquet should be applied tightly enough that arterial blood flow distal to the tourniquet is completely​ stopped."

You have been dispatched to a residence where a woman lacerated her arm after falling while holding a drinking glass. She informs you that when she initially cut​ herself, blood spurted from the​ wound; then, within a second or​ two, it subsided to a mere trickle. She asks why this would happen. What is the correct​ response?

​"Blood vessels tend to constrict quickly once they are​ injured."

Which instruction is appropriate when helping a new EMT care for a male patient with a laceration to his left​ arm?

​"Don't worry about removing embedded dirt from the​ wound, just the dirt around the​ laceration."

You are having a difficult time controlling bleeding from a small skin avulsion on a​ patient's ankle. Which statement made by the patient best explains why control has been difficult to​ achieve?

​"I take Coumadin for my irregular​ heartbeat."

Which statement made by the EMT shows an understanding of how an open wound should be​ bandaged?

​"I use bandaging material to secure the sterile dressing in​ place."

What are the three main layers of the​ skin?

​Subcutaneous, epidermis, dermis

A male patient has been shot in the chest with a​ small-caliber gun. Which presentation indicates that he is in an early stage of​ shock?

Alert and​ anxious, pulse 96​ beats/min, BP​ 134/88 mmHg, pale and cool skin

Direct pressure has failed to control an arterial bleed on a​ patient's lower leg caused by an industrial accident. What would the​ EMT's next action​ be?

Apply a tourniquet

A construction worker has a metal rod impaled in his right forearm. Assessment of the injury indicates heavy bleeding from around the impaled object. What should you do​ first?

Apply direct pressure around the rod

You arrive at a meat packing plant to find a​ 30-year-old male patient who was cut in the wrist with a sharp knife. The patient appears​ pale, and blood is spurting from the laceration. Your immediate action would be​ to:

Apply direct pressure to the laceration

A young female was involved in an altercation and stabbed in the abdomen with an ice pick. After being​ stabbed, she quickly removed the ice pick. She states that there was not much bleeding but does say it​ "stings" quite a bit. Assessment reveals a small puncture wound to the lower right quadrant with some dried blood around the site. Which best describes the primary focus of the EMT in caring for this​ patient?

Assessing for internal blood loss or shock

A​ 24-year-old female was an unrestrained driver of a car that struck a​ guardrail, causing her to sustain blunt trauma to the chest and abdomen. Vital signs obtained by Emergency Medical Responders are pulse 120​ beats/min, respirations 22​ breaths/min, blood pressure​ 100/78 mmHg, and SpO2​ 96%. As you transport her to the​ hospital, which finding indicates that the patient is​ deteriorating?

Blood pressure​ 86/50 mmHg

Which statement regarding contusions is​ true?

Blood vessels in the dermal layer have ruptured

Assessment of an​ 88-year-old female who fell reveals bruising to her right buttock. The skin is intact and the patient complains of tenderness to the area when you palpate. As a knowledgeable​ EMT, you would recognize this patient has which type of​ injury?

Contusion

You are called for an​ 8-year-old boy who has fallen. At the​ scene, the​ boy's mother states that her son was running while flying a kite and​ tripped, striking his face on a rock. Assessment reveals a large​ reddish-blue lump with intact skin under his left eye. When alerting the hospital emergency department of your​ arrival, you should inform them that the patient has which type of​ injury?

Hematoma

A young male was riding a motorcycle when he lost control and was thrown from the vehicle. The patient is unresponsive and receiving positive pressure ventilation. The secondary assessment reveals bright blood flowing from an unrecognized femoral bleed. Initial management of this bleeding would​ include:

Direct pressure with a dressing applied

A patient is confused and anxious after falling 20 feet from a ladder onto the grass below. Which clinical finding described is most suggestive of​ shock?

Heart rate of 112 beats per minute

A patient has had part of his right thumb amputated in an industrial accident. Coworkers have retrieved the thumb and wrapped it in a towel. The EMT demonstrates appropriate handling of the amputated part when​ he:

Wraps it in a dry sterile dressing

A patient presents with an arrow impaled in the right lower quadrant of his abdomen. He is in excruciating pain and states that he was accidentally shot by a friend while hunting. While there is no external bleeding coming from the​ injury, the surrounding skin is ecchymotic. Other assessment​ findings, such as the vital​ signs, indicate the patient is in early shock. Which action should the EMT perform​ first?

Administer supplemental oxygen

A young man fell down a flight of stairs and is now restless and confused. His airway is​ open, and he is breathing adequately at 18 times per minute. He has a radial pulse of 102 beats per​ minute, a blood pressure of​ 96/78 mmHg, and his skin is cool and diaphoretic. Your next action would be​ to:

Administer supplemental oxygen

A​ middle-aged male's arm became caught in a grinding​ machine, and the arm was eventually extricated from the machine by coworkers. As you approach the​ patient, you note him to be holding a bloody towel over a severely deformed right arm. The patient is alert and​ anxious, and he has a patent airway. His breathing is adequate and his left radial pulse is fast and strong. You note his skin to be cool and diaphoretic. Given this​ information, which care would be provided first for this​ patient?

Administer supplemental oxygen

You are transporting a male patient who was stabbed in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. On​ scene, the patient was alert and​ oriented, with a patent airway and adequate respirations. There was minimal hemorrhage from the stab​ wound, which was covered with a sterile dressing. Oxygen was applied and transport was initiated. During the​ reassessment, which assessment finding should the EMT consider to be of the greatest​ concern?

Increased heart rate and unexplained restlessness

A patient sustained a crush injury after being pinned by a car that fell off​ jack-stands while the patient was underneath the car working on it. The injury occurred to the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. Assessment shows bruising to that​ area, with instability noted to the lowest rib. The​ EMT's highest concern regarding this injury should​ be:

Injury to the spleen

A​ 62-year-old male was the restrained driver of a car that was hit on the​ driver's side. Emergency Medical Responders have extricated the patient and provided spinal motion restriction​ precautions, including a cervical​ collar, long​ board, and straps. When​ asked, the patient complains of dizziness as well as left leg and left arm pain. Assessment reveals multiple contusions and deformity to his left forearm and a laceration with minor bleeding to the left side of his face. The​ patient's airway is open and his breathing is labored. A rapid radial pulse is felt. Skin is cool and dry. Which assessment finding would the EMT address​ first?

Labored breathing

While cleaning a​ gun, a​ 44-year-old man accidentally shot himself in the abdomen. On your arrival at the​ scene, the patient is responsive to painful stimuli and lying on his​ side, with his legs drawn to his chest. Blood is evident on his shirt and pants. The vital signs are minimally acceptable and the pulse oximeter reading is​ 94%. What is the correct sequence of events when caring for this​ patient?

Perform the primary​ assessment, administer supplemental​ oxygen, perform the secondary​ assessment, transfer the patient to the​ stretcher, and provide rapid transport

Which statement made by your new EMT partner best describes the way to determine the severity of a​ patient's blood​ loss?

​"I use the​ patient's signs and symptoms to judge the severity of the blood​ loss."

A​ 28-year-old male was cutting limbs from a tree when he lost his footing and fell 20 feet. He is unresponsive and breathing very​ poorly, at 28 times per minute. His radial pulse is weak and​ thready, and his skin is cool to the touch. Emergency Medical Responders​ (EMRs) have placed the patient on a nonrebreather face mask and are holding manual cervical spine motion restriction. A blanket has also been applied and covers the man. Based on these assessment​ findings, which instruction would you give to the​ EMRs?

​"Let's take off the oxygen mask and start positive pressure ventilation to assist his​ breathing."

Which statement indicates an understanding of the​ EMT's prehospital role in caring for the patient in shock secondary to significant soft tissue​ trauma?

​"Since trauma is best treated in the​ hospital, the EMT should provide care to maintain perfusion to the vital organs and​ transport."

Which statement demonstrates an understanding of shock caused by internal​ bleeding?

​"You should always suspect internal bleeding in a patient with the signs and symptoms of shock but no external​ bleeding."