CH 3

Which of the following statements describes the pattern of life satisfaction for adults whose spouse died?

-Life satisfaction dipped prior to being a widow, dropped significantly during year of spouse's death, and rebounded to prior levels in the years following the death.

Post-Conventional Morality

Adolescent and beyond - Actions reflect belief in basic rights and self-defined ethical principles

Sharon's father demands total obedience from his children. When he speaks, he expects his children to listen. There is no discussion and no arguing. He has zero tolerance for anyone breaking the rules he has decreed. Sharon's father has this type of parenting style:

Authoritarian

Viv's father demands total obedience from his children. When he speaks, he expects his children to listen. There is no discussion and no arguing. He has zero tolerance for anyone breaking the rules he has decreed. Viv's father has a(n) _____ type of parenting style.

Authoritarian

Luca's parents set firm rules but are responsive to his needs. They give him a chance to explain himself and also explain their position on why they cannot allow him to stay out past midnight. Luca's parents have a(n) ______ parenting style.

Authoritative

The Markowitz family has a son, Noah, who has exceptionally high intelligence and excels in math. However, he lacks social and communicative skills, which limit his ability to sustain normal peer relationships. Noah has been diagnosed with:

Autism Spectrum DIsorder

Preconventional Morality

Before age 9 - Sellf-interest; obey rules to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards

Those who emphasize _____ over stability would suggest that the first 3 years of life provide a poor basis for predicting a person's eventual traits.

Change

_____ are threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes.

Chromosomes

This famous experiment by _____ involved rearing monkeys with two artificial mothers.

Harry & Margaret Harlow

_____ proposed that children learn by internalizing their culture's language and relying on internal speech.

Lev Vygotsky

According to Jean Piaget, during this stage of cognitive development, object permanence and stranger anxiety are the developmental phenomena that occur.

Sensorimotor

Pamela's brother hid her favorite stuffed bear in the other cabinet after Pamela had originally put the bear in her own toy chest. When she returns she is able to find the bear in the other cabinet where her brother had put it. This illustrates Pamela's development of ______.

Theory of Mind

_____ refers to people's ideas about their own and others' mental states; that is, how feelings, perceptions, or thoughts might predict behavior.

Theory of Mind

Most people repulsed by sexual abuse of young girl. Demonstrates:

Unconcious Decision making

The correct order of prenatal development is _____, embryo, and fetus.

Zygote

A brother just found out that his sister became pregnant about seven days ago. He rushes to find a book on pregnancy so that he can learn more about it. What will the book say is happening around the seventh day of pregnancy? a. The cells of the zygote begin to differentiate. b. The cells of the fetus begin to differentiate. c. The embryo has doubled its size. d. The fetus has tripled its size.

a. The cells of the zygote begin to differentiate.

Which of the following statements about grief is supported by research? a. There is healing power in the passage of time. b. If one grieves immediately, the grief will be purged. c. Grieving with a group is better than grieving privately. d. Grief-stricken people go through the same stages of grief.

a. There is healing power in the passage of time.

Five-year-old Otto complained to his mother that the pizza was not big enough. Otto's mom cut the pizza into smaller slices, thus making Otto happy as he believed the pizza had become larger. Otto lacks the concept of: a. conservation. b. egocentrism. c. object permanence. d. assimilation.

a. conservation.

Three-year-old Adam happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room while his mother is in the room. However, if she briefly leaves then returns, he will return periodically to her side for brief moments. Adam most clearly displays signs of: a. secure attachment. b. object permanence. c. egocentrism. d. conservation.

a. secure attachment.

The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement is known as the: a. social clock. b. biological clock. c. crystallized clock. d. psychological clock.

a. social clock.

A grandmother is in her early 80s and is starting to seem frail to her grandchildren. Which of the following are they likely to notice about her abilities? a. Her hearing and sight are diminishing but her stamina and sense of smell remain strong. b. Her hearing, distance perception, and sense of smell are diminishing. c. Her muscle strength is decreasing, but all of her sensory abilities seem to be going strong. d. Her visual sharpness is decreasing, but her stamina remains unchanged.

b. Her hearing, distance perception, and sense of smell are diminishing.

Parents and peers have complementary influences on children; but peers usually have a more important influence on: a. educational goals. b. cooperation and social success at school. c. attitudes toward responsibility. d. attitudes toward and interaction with school authorities.

b. cooperation and social success at school.

A 65-year-old retina receives only about _____ as much light as its 20-year-old counterpart. a. one-fourth b. one-third c. one-half d. one-eighth

b. one-third

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, the majority of children younger than age nine have a _____ of self-interest. a. conventional morality b. preconventional morality c. postconventional morality d. pseudo morality

b. preconventional morality

Based on research into the responses of infants immediately after birth, we can be MOST certain that the human fetus is aware of and learns to recognize: a. novel visual stimuli. b. the sound of the mother's voice. c. the mother's feelings of happiness or elation. d. the mother's fears and anxieties.

b. the sound of the mother's voice.

Within days after birth, infants are able to distinguish between their mothers' and strangers': a. faces. b. clothing. c. body odors. d. tender touches.

c. body odors.

Erik Erikson proposed that at this stage of life people struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love. a. initiative vs. guilt b. identity vs. role confusion c. intimacy vs. isolation d. generativity vs. stagnation

c. intimacy vs. isolation

Jessica acts so differently with her parents than with her friends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Jessica is experiencing: a.egocentrism. b insecure attachment. c. role confusion. d. fluid intelligence.

c. role confusion.

Mark thinks that language development over the life span requires a slow but steady shaping process. His belief is most directly relevant to the issue of:

continuity or stages

David is 13-years old and is telling his mother that she should not drive too fast and make a complete stop at the light in order to avoid getting a ticket. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____ morality.

conventional morality

According to Jean Piaget, during this stage of cognitive development, children are able to think logically about events, grasp analogies, and perform arithmetical operations. a. formal operational b. preoperational c. sensorimotor d. concrete operational

d. concrete operational

Fewer than _____ of all _____ survive beyond the first two weeks after fertilization. a. 10 percent; zygotes b. 10 percent; embryos c. half; fetuses d. half; zygotes

d. half; zygotes

Although physical decline begins in early adulthood, it is not until later in life that it becomes really noticeable. Which declines in later life? a. visual sharpness b. muscle strength c. reaction time d. personality

d. personality

Improved judgment, impulse control, and the ability to plan for the future develop during the late teens and early twenties, largely as a result of:

development of the frontal lobe and its connections with other parts of the brain.

Conventional Morality

early adolesence - Uphold laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order

Your cousin lost her baby during her eighth week of pregnancy. Her baby was in the ______ stage of prenatal development.

embryo

According to Jean Piaget, during this stage of cognitive development, abstract logic and the potential for mature moral reasoning are formed.

formal operational

According to Erik Erikson, older adults can most effectively cope with the prospect of their own death if they have achieved a sense of:

integrity

Mike is 68 years old and is sitting in his recliner reflecting on the mistakes he made in his life as well as the dreams that went unfulfilled. According to Erik Erikson, Mike is in the stage of development called:

integrity vs despair

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, the majority of children younger than age nine have a preconventional _____.

morality

Muscular strength, reaction time, sensory keenness, and cardiac output begin to decline in the late twenties. Research has shown that these processes of aging can be halted or reversed by:

nothing; nothing can halt the decline associated with aging.

Violet is in her mid-seventies and she is in remarkably good health. If she were to worry about getting sick, she should probably worry most about _____.

pneumonia or cancer

Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____ morality.

post conventional

Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates a(n) _____ morality.

preconventional

Thirteen-year-old Ariana is getting more involved in risky behaviors, which has her mother very worried. Ariana is also more impulsive and emotionally volatile than she used to be. What is the most likely explanation for Ariana's behavior?

pubertal hormonal surge and limbic system development

When a baby's cheek is touched, he or she will turn toward the touch, and open their mouth in search of a nipple, this is known as the _____ reflex.

rooting

Three-year-old Ross happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room while his mother is in the room. However, if she briefly leaves and then returns, he will return periodically to her side for brief moments. Ross most clearly displays signs of _____ attachment.

secure

Biological maturation is best reflected in which of the following?

stages

Scott just celebrated his 25th anniversary at his company. He felt that his gold watch was just a meaningless trinket and was glad that he balanced his work with family life. According to Erik Erikson, Scott is in the stage of development called generativity vs. _____.

stagnation

Brenda has suffered from epilepsy all her life. She takes Trileptal to control her seizures. Recently she found out she was pregnant with her first child. She read that her medication is a Category C medication meaning the benefits may outweigh the risks; however, no adequate studies have been performed on the medication for pregnant women. While she was excited to be pregnant, she was concerned about continuing to take the medication. She asked her doctor whether Trileptal was a(n):

teratogen