Ch. 3

The _____ stain is used to stain and differentiate Mycobacterium and Nocardia from other bacteria.

acid-fast

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the ________.

cell wall

Two major structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are _______ and _______.

fimbrae; capsules

A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has _____.

flagella

During the Gram stain, _____ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

gram-negative

Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell envelope component of _____________.

gram-negative bacteria

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _____.

gram-positive

Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium and dipicolinic acid. What is the identity of this structure?

Endospore

A 23 year-old female presents at a walk-in clinic with a fever, swollen lymph nodes and yellow spots on the throat. A rapid strep test comes back positive, confirming an infection with Streptococcus pyogenes, which has a thick layer of peptidoglycan in its cell wall. In which of the following taxonomic divisions does S. pyogenes belong?

Firmicutes

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

Capsule

Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram staining?

Crystal violet, iodine, alcohol/acetone, safranin

A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is _____.

Mycobacterium

A client has a serious case of the flu. A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood. The lab tech said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be _____.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _____.

inclusions

The enzyme _______, found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.

lysozyme

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _____.

peritrichous

Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed _____.

positive chemotaxis

The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be ________.

protein synthesis would stop

The typical definition of a species is one with distinct characteristics that produce viable offspring when mated with another organism in the same species. Bacterial species cannot be defined as readily, due to the fact that

they do not reproduce sexually by way of gametes, they can receive genetic material from others in their generation, regardless of species, they have a short generation time and evolve rapidly.

The organism Mycoplasma pneumoniae that causes "walking pneumonia" lacks a cell wall. In which of the following taxonomic divisions is it classified?

Tenericutes

Which of the following is mismatched?

Thermoplasmas - adapted to frozen environments

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane.

Which of the following is not a division of bacteria and archaea according to Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology?

Scotobacteria

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _____.

basal body

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _____.

sex pili