Ch 3 Practice Test

After a calorically dense meal when the stomach is too full, the acidic juices can travel back up the esophagus and cause __________. a. heartburn b. diarrhea c. hiccups d. ulcers e. choking

a

Genes direct the making of each cell's protein machinery, including __________ that perform cellular work by speeding up chemical reactions. a. enzymes b. antibodies c. hormones d. neurotransmitters e. antigens

a

What should be consumed at intervals throughout the day because it can be depleted from its storage? a. Carbohydrates b. Vitamin C c. Fats d. Sodium e. Proteins

a

Which of the following statements is FALSE about hormones and nutrition? a. Hormones can inform the digestive system about the degree of body fatness. b. Hormones can regulate blood glucose levels. c. Hormones help regulate the body's reaction to stress. d. Hormones help regulate hunger and appetite. e. Hormones carry messages to regulate the digestive system in response to meals or fasting.

a

Insulin is secreted when there is too much glucose in the blood. Which organ detects blood glucose levels? a. liver b. pancreas c. stomach d. large intestine e. small intestine

b

Lymph vessels in the intestine absorb most of the _________ present in a meal to then distribute them to the bloodstream. a. vitamins b. proteins c. fats d. minerals e. carbohydrates

c

Proteins do the work of living cells. What must we inherit from our parents to synthesize the proteins we need? a. tissue b. blood type c. genetic information d. cell types e. hormones

c

Which of the following choices correctly ranks fluids in order from the most acidic (lowest pH) to the least acidic (highest pH)? a. gastric juice > urine > coffee > vinegar b. gastric juice > pancreatic juice > ammonia > healthy blood c. ammonia > saliva > healthy blood > stomach acid d. gastric juice > coffee > saliva > pancreatic juice e. pancreatic juice > battery acid > gastric juice > urine

d

Which organ gets rid of waste by producing urine in the nephrons? a. liver b. small intestine c. gallbladder d. kidney e. pancreas

d

The _____ system's first major task is to break down food to its components. Then, it must _____ the nutrients and some non-nutrients, leaving behind the substances that are appropriate to excrete. To do this, the system works at two levels, one mechanical and the other _____. Options: absorb reabsorb digestive circulatory deliver chemical

digestive absorb chemical

Intestinal bacteria may affect health and body functions. What is a collection of the bacteria, fungi, and viruses, also known as microbes, within the digestive tract? a. microbiome b. intestinal flora c. digestive waste d. intestinal health e. microbiota

e

The liver converts excess energy-containing nutrients into which two storage forms? a. starch and glucose b. glycogen and bone c. protein and fat d. starch and fat e. glycogen and fat

e

Nutrient deficiencies are an inevitable consequence of alcohol abuse because alcohol displaces _____ and interferes directly with the body's use of _____ by disrupting nutrient _____ in every tissue. Alcohol may also burden the body with unwanted body _____, due to the increase in caloric consumption which often results in increased _____ weight, a beer belly. Excess alcohol causes dehydration, resulting in a _____ the next day. Options: abdominal fat food hangover metabolism nutrients

food nutrients metabolism fat abdominal hangover

Most nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream via the _____ and then directed to the liver, which rids the blood of toxins. This nutrient-rich blood goes to the heart, through the lungs, and then back through the _____ out to the body cells. _____ carry blood away from the heart to the cells, and _____ carry blood back to the heart. Options: arteries heart intestine liver veins

intestine heart Arteries veins

Churning, mixing, and grinding of food into a liquid mass is completed in the _____. The _____ releases bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid. The _____ is lined with cells that absorb nutrients into the blood and lymph. Bile is produced in the _____ to help emulsify fats for better absorption of lipids. Waste (any unabsorbed nutrients, fiber, bacteria) and some water absorption occurs in the large _____. Options: stomach liver large intestine pancreas small intestine

stomach pancreas small intestine liver large intestine