ch 30-33 test

Femoral shaft fractures can result in up to _____ mL of internal blood loss.

1,000

A person's ability to shiver is lost when his or her body temp falls below:

90F

Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below:

95F

Which of the following medications increases a person's risk of a heat-related emergency?

Diuretics

Which of the following organs would most likely bleed profusely when injured?

Liver

A patient with a chest injury has a BP of 100/60 mm Hg and a pulse rate of 120 beats/min. Which of the following additional findings should make you suspect a pericardial tamponade?

Repeat BP of 90/68 mm Hg

Assuming that no obvious signs of intra-abdominal injury are present, which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause an injury to the liver or spleen to be overlooked?

Shoulder fracture

A 19 yr old male is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless after being struck in the center of the chest with a softball. Based on the mechanism of injury, what most likely occured?

Ventricular fibrillation when the impact occurred during a critical portion of the cardiac cycle

The mesentery is:

a membranous fold that attaches the intestine to the walls of the body

Signs of late heatstroke include:

a weak, rapid pulse

To assess a patient's general body temp, pull back on your glove and place the back of your hand on his or her skin at the:

abdomen

Pneumothorax is defined as:

accumulation of air in the pleural space

After being stung on the leg by a jellyfish, a man complains of severe pain to his leg, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. He has a red rash covering his trunk and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. The EMT should:

administer oxygen and epinephrine and prepare for rapid transport

While jogging, a 19 yr old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should:

administer oxygen and transport to the hospital

A 37 yr old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral scleral hemorrhaging. You should:

aggressively manage his airway

Subcutaneous emphysema is an indication that:

air is escaping into the chest wall from a damaged lung

An open fracture is MOST accurately defined as a fracture in which:

an external wound is present over the fracture site

A construction worker's arm was severed just above the elbow when a steel grider fell on it. The stump is covered with a blood-soaked towel. The patient's skin is cool. clammy, and pale. The EMT should:

apply a tourniquet just below the shoulder

An unresponsive trauma patient has a large open abdominal wound with massive external bleeding. You should:

apply direct pressure to the wound

During your assessment of a 29-year-old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes. You should:

apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse

After direct trauma to the left upper back, a 44-year-old male presents with diaphoresis and restlessness. His blood pressure is 100/50 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and weak, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. Your assessment reveals abrasions and contusions over the left scapula. You should:

apply high-flow oxygen, consider spinal precautions, and transport without delay

A 76 yr old male experienced sudden pain to his left thigh when he was standing in line at the grocery store. Your assessment reveals ecchymosis and deformity to the distal aspect of his left femur, just above the knee. Distal circulation and sensory and motor functions are intact. You should:

apply padded board splints to both sides of the leg

A 54 yr old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to you arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing

In moving joints, the ends of the bones are covered with:

articular cartilage

A 30 yr old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hrs. The outside temp is 30F. He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you preform a primary assessment. He is unresponsive, pale, and apneic. You should:

assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 secs

During your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma, you note that the patients has shallow breathing and paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. You should:

assist ventilations with a bag valve mask

A 20 yr old male was accidentally shot in the right upper abdominal quadrant with an arrow during an archery contest. Prior to your arrival, the patient removed the arrow. Your assessment reveals that his conscious and alert with stable vital signs. The entrance wound is bleeding minimally and appears to be superficial. You should:

assume that the arrow injured an internal organ

When documenting a call in which a female was sexually assaulted, the EMT should:

avoid speculation and document only factual data

When worn properly, a seatbelt should lie:

below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints.

A 21 yr old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motorcycle when he rear-ended a car that was stopped at a red light. He was wearing a helmet, which he removed prior to your arrival. He is conscious but restless and has closed deformities to both of his femurs. His skin is pale, heart rate is rapid and weak, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. You should:

bind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay

Patients with generalized hypothermia are at an increased risk of a local cold injury because:

blood is shunted away from the extremities to the body's core

Hypothermia can worsen internal bleeding secondary to:

blood-clotting abnormalities

A football player was struck by another player in the right flank area just below the posterior rib cage. He complains of severe pain and pint tenderness to the area. Your assessment reveals that there is a small amount of blood in his underwear. You should be most suspicious for:

blunt injury to the kidney

Patients with rib fractures will commonly:

breathe rapidly and shallowly.

You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should:

closely monitor him and reassess him frequently

Signs and symptoms of a tension pneumothorax include all of the following, except:

collapsed jugular veins

You are transporting a stable patient with a possible pneumothorax. The patient is receiving high-flow oxygen and has an oxygen saturation of 95%. During your reassessment, you find that the patient is now confused, hypotensive, and profusely diaphoretic. What is most likely causing this patient's deterioration?

compression of the aorta and vena cava

The body's natural protective mechanisms against heat loss are:

constriction of blood vessels in the skin and shivering

Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:

control an external bleeding, administer oxygen , and transport at once

All f of the following snakes are pit vipers, except for the:

coral snake

A man has a large laceration across his lower abdominal wall and a loop of bowel is protruding from the wound. He is conscious and alert and there is minimal bleeding for the wound. You should:

cover the exposed bowel with a moist sterile dressing and then secure it in place with a dry bandage

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the:

diaphragm

A Colles fracture involves a fracture of the:

distal radius

Following a stab wound to the left anterior chest, a 25-year-old male presents with a decreased level of consciousness and signs of shock. Which of the following additional assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for a cardiac tamponade?

engorged jugular veins

A 40 yr old male presents with severe abdominal pain after blunt trauma. He is diaphoretic, intensely thirsty, and has a weak and rapid pulse. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes all of the following, except:

giving him small sips of plain water

A 66 yr old male presents with dark red rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. He is conscious and alert; however, his skin is cool and clammy and his pulse is rapid. Further assessment reveals that his BP is 112/60 mm Hg. Which of the following questions would be the most pertinent to ask him?

have you experienced recent abdominal pain?

Common signs and symptoms of a chest injury include all of the following, except?

hematemesis

Which of the following conditions would be the least likely to increase a person's risk of hypothermia?

hyperglycemia

You respond to a residency for a 40 yr old female who was assaulted by her husband; the scene has been secured by law enforcement. Upon arrival, you find the patient lying supine on the floor in the kitchen. She is semiconscious with severely labored breathing. Further assessment reveals a large bruise to the left anterior chest, jugular venous distention, and unilaterally absent breath sounds. As your partner is supporting her ventilation, you should:

immediately request ALS support

A 17 yr old football player collided with another player and has pain to his left clavicle. He is holding his arm against his chest and refuses to move it. Your assessment reveals a=obvious deformity to the midshaft clavicle. After assessing distal pulse, sensory, and motor functions, you should:

immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe

During your secondary assessment of a 19-year-old female with multiple trauma, you note bilateral humeral deformities and a deformity to the left midshaft femur. Her skin is diaphoretic and her pulse is rapid and weak. Your partner has appropriately managed her airway and is maintaining manual stabilization of her head. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

immobilizing her to a backboard and rapidly transporting

Shivering is a mechanism in which the body generates heat by:

increasing the metabolic rate

You are transporting a 42 yr old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreather mask, and full spinal precautions have been applied. During you reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should:

insert an airway adjunct of he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a bag valve mask

The most critical treatment for a tension pneumothorax involves:

inserting a needle through the rib cage into the pleural space

Which of the following statements regarding rebound tenderness is correcr?

it is often discovered when the patient is jarred or moved suddenly

For sweating to be an effective cooling mechanism:

it must evaporate from the body.

A 17 yr old female dislocated her patella while playing soccer. Her knee is flexed, and she complains of severe pain. You should:

keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints

Care for a patient with a fractured tibia and suspected compartment syndrome includes:

keeping the leg at the level of the heart

You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50 yr old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unresponsive, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be most suspicious that this patient has experienced a:

laceration of the aorta

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who was kicked in the abdomen. While en route to the scene, you should ask the dispatcher if:

law enforcement is at the scene

While assessing a 21 yr old female who struck a tree head-on with her small passenger car, you note that her airbag deployed. You should:

lift the airbag and look for deformity to the steering wheel

Bones are connected to other bones by bands of tough fibrous tissues called:

ligaments

Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy:

might decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart

A frostbitten foot can be identified by the presence of:

mottling and blsiters

You and your partner are standing by at a large social event at a river resort when a frantic woman tells you that she found a young male floating face-down in the water. Nobody claims to have witnessed the event. After you and your partner enter the water and reach the patient, you should:

move him as a unit to a supine position

Which of the following would be the least likely to occur in a patient with a core body temp of between 89F and 92F?

muscle activity increases

Signs and symptoms of an air embolism include all of the following, except:

pale skin

You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40 yr old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increases distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis. You should:

partially remove the dressings

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen:

peritonitis might not develop for several hours

A 77 yr old woman slipped and fell on a throw rug and landed on her left hip. She denies striking her head or losing consciousness. Assessment of her left leg reveals that it is shortened and externally rotated. Distal pulses, sensory, and motor function are intact. You should:

place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps

To avoid exacerbating a patient's injury, it is especially important to use extreme caution when providing positive-pressure ventilation to patients with a:

pneumothorax

A 45 yr old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be most suspicious for:

posterior hip dislocation

A 28 yr old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to providing supplemental oxygen, you should:

prepare for immediate transport

A 30 yr old man complains of severe pain to his right tibia after an injury that occurred that day before. The patient's leg is pale, and he is unable to move his foot. The EMT should suspect that:

pressure in the fascial compartment is elevated

A 20 yr old male was pulled from cold water by his friends. The length of his submersion is not known and was not witnessed. You preform a primary assessment and determine that the patient is apneic and has a slow, weak pulse. You should:

provide rescue breathing, remove his wet clothing, immobilize his entire spine, keep him warm, and transport carefully

Following blunt trauma to the chest, an 18 yr old female presents with respiratory distress, shallow breathing , and cyanosis. Her BP is 80/50 mm Hg and her pulse is 130 beats/min and thready. You should:

provide ventilation assistance with a bad valve mask

A man called EMS 12 hrs after injuring his chest. Your assessment reveals a flail segment to the right side of the chest. The patient is experiencing respiratory distress, and his oxygen saturation is 78%. His breath sounds are equal bilaterally, and his jugular veins are normal. You should suspect:

pulmonary contusion

A patient with a core body temp of 95F will most likely experience:

rapid breathing

Applying ice to and elevating an injured extremity are performed to:

reduce pain and swelling

A 20 yr old male collided with another player during a hockey game and complains of severe pain to the left shoulder. Assessment reveals that the clavicle is bulging anteriorly at the shoulder. The EMT should suspect:

separation of the acromioclavicular joint

The presence of tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury:

should be assumed to be a sign of shock

When assessing a patient with a hemothorax, you will most likely find:

sign and symptoms of shock

A 31 yr old male fell and landed on his left elbow. Your assessment reveals that the elbow is grossly deformed, his forearm is cool and pale, and the distal pulse is barely palpable. His vital signs are stable, and he denies any other injuries Your transport time to the closest appropriate hospital is approximately 12 minutes. You should:

splint the elbow in the position found and transport

A 22 yr old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should:

stabilize her head and preform a primary assessment

During your secondary assessment of a 30-year-old male who fell 25 feet, you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. Your partner advises you that the patient's blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. After completing your assessment, you should:

stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine

A 31 yr old male was bitten on the leg by an undefined snake. The patient is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. Your assessment of his leg reveals two small puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling. In addition to administering oxygen and providing reassurance, further care for this patient should include:

supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting

Deformity caused by a fracture would MOST likely be masked by:

swelling

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct?

the absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding

Heatsroke occurs when

the body's heat-eliminating mechanisms are overwhelmed.

If a dislocated shoulder has spontaneously reduced before your arrival, the only way to confirm the injury is by noting:

the patient history

In general, musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before moving the patient unless:

the patient is clinically unstable

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct?

the protruding orans should be kept warm and moist

Very young children tend to breathe predominantly with their diaphragm because:

their intercostal muscles are not fully developed

Most of the serious injuries associated with scuba diving are caused by:

too rapid of an ascent

A 22 yr old male was kicked in the abdomen several times. You find him lying on his left side with his knees drawn up. He is conscious and alert and complains of increased pain and alert and nausea when he tries to straighten his legs. His BP is 142/82 mm Hg, pulse rate 110 beats/min and strong, and RR are 22 breaths/min and regular. In addition to administering high-flow oxygen, you should:

transport him in position in which you found him

Immediate death from blunt chest trauma following a motor vehicle crash is MOST often the result of:

traumatic aortic rupture

Which of the following organs is at most risk for injury as the result of a pelvic fracture?

urinary bladder

Rough handling of a hypothermic patient with a pulse may cause:

ventricular fibrillation

pleural fluid is contained between the:

visceral and parietal pleurae

Heat loss from the body through respiration occurs when:

warm air is exhaled into the atmosphere