Ch 30 Assignment

In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. How many chromosomes should be in an endosperm nucleus? 8 16 24 32

24

Which of the following is a major trend in land plant evolution over the past 200 million years? the trend toward smaller size the trend toward a gametophyte-dominated life cycle the trend toward a sporophyte-dominated life cycle the trend toward larger gametophytes

the trend toward a sporophyte-dominated life cycle

Where in an angiosperm would you find a megasporangium? in the style of a flower enclosed in the stigma of a flower within an ovule contained within an ovary of a flower packed into pollen sacs within the anthers found on a stamen

within an ovule contained within an ovary of a flower

Use the information to answer the following question. Açai berries come from trees that are native to the Amazon River Basin and now are the basis of many popular fruit drinks. Farmers with small areas harvest the berries in their family farms. Sometimes, they plant additional açai trees, weed out underbrush, and remove other trees in an effort to increase açai production. A recent study compared the forest characteristics of unmanipulated plots versus those where the farmers modified the plants in the plots. This study produced the following results: Which of the following conclusions are most consistent with the data? Açai production will help keep the biodiversity of the Amazonian rainforest intact even when farmers manipulate their plots. Açai production helps alleviate poverty by Amazonian people with small farms. Açai production does not affect the composition of the forest even when farmers manipulate their plots. Açai production changes the character of the forest when farmers manipulate their plots.

Açai production changes the character of the forest when farmers manipulate their plots.

Many types of plants produce fruit which is eaten by animals. The seeds of these plants are typically undigestible. Which of the following is an advantage for plants having undigestible seeds? It ensures that flowers of these plants will be pollinated. It allows the seeds to be dispersed into other areas. It allows seeds to reside in the gut until conditions are appropriate for germination. It provides a source of nutrients for the germinating seed.

It allows the seeds to be dispersed into other areas.

The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels, is native to tropical rain forests of South America and produces large nuts. The large white part of a Brazil nut that people eat serves which of the following functions in nature? It attracts birds and encourages them to nest in the tree. It provides energy and nutrition to a germinating seedling. It serves as protection for the embryo from animals looking for food. It provides a water source for the developing embryo.

It provides energy and nutrition to a germinating seedling.

Which of the following statements are correct with regard to what physicians and pharmacists need to know about plants? Land plants produce poisons and medicines. Crop plants can often interbreed with their wild relatives. Crop plants often produce more seeds than their wild relatives. Land plants often provide food for pollinators.

Land plants produce poisons and medicines.

One day, you go outside and see that the cars on the street are covered in a yellow "dust." Which of the following statements can be correctly applied to this "dust"? The dust is pine pollen and is so abundant because the pines are wind-pollinated. The dust is the spore production of ferns and is so abundant because the spores are wind-dispersed. The dust is the seed production of ferns and is so abundant because the seeds are tiny and take very little energy to produce. The dust is the seed production of pines and is so abundant because the seeds are tiny and take very little energy to produce.

The dust is pine pollen and is so abundant because the pines are wind-pollinated.

The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels, is native to tropical rain forests of South America. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow flowers of Brazil nut trees cannot fertilize themselves and admit only female orchid bees as pollinators. Entrepreneurs attempted, but failed, to harvest nuts from plantations grown in Southeast Asia. Attempts to grow Brazil nut trees in South American plantations also failed. In both cases, the trees grew vigorously, produced healthy flowers in profusion, but set no fruit. Which of the following statements best explains the failure to cultivate Brazil nut trees in these other locations? The trees exhibited poor sporophyte viability. The trees failed to produce fertile ovules. The trees failed to produce pollen. The flowers were not pollinated due to the absence of female orchid bees.

The flowers were not pollinated due to the absence of female orchid bees.

Mistletoe is a plant that lives on trees and gains nutrition from them (that is, it is a parasite). The fruit of the mistletoe is a one-seeded berry and is consumed by birds. In members of the mistletoe genus Viscum, the outside of the seed is sticky, which permits the seed to adhere to surfaces such as the branches of host plants or the beaks of birds. What should be expected of the fruit if the stickiness of Viscum seeds is primarily an adaptation for dispersal rather than an adaptation for infecting host plant tissues? The fruit is drab in color. The fruit is colored so as to provide it with camouflage. The fruit is nutritious to the dispersing organisms. The fruit secretes enzymes that can digest bark.

The fruit is nutritious to the dispersing organisms.

Which feature of cycads makes them similar to many angiosperms? They have exposed ovules. They have flagellated sperm. They are pollinated by animals. They have flagellated sperm, and they are pollinated by animals.

They are pollinated by animals.

Immature seed cones of conifers are usually green before pollination, and flowers of grasses are inconspicuously colored. What does this indicate about how they are pollinated? They probably self-fertilize and do not need pollen carried from one plant to another. Their pollinating insects are probably color blind. They are probably wind pollinated. They probably attract pollinators using strong fragrances.

They are probably wind pollinated.

In spruces and pines, which of the following is an advantage of having needlelike leaves? increased surface area, increasing photosynthesis increased surface area, increasing gas exchange decreased surface area, reducing gas exchange decreased surface area, reducing water loss

decreased surface area, reducing water loss

Which adaptations of land plants are likely to cause human health problems? sporophyte dominance and defenses against herbivory defenses against being eaten and adaptations related to wind dispersal of pollen sporophyte dominance and adaptations related to wind dispersal of pollen sporophyte dominance, defenses against herbivory, and adaptations related to wind dispersal of pollen

defenses against being eaten and adaptations related to wind dispersal of pollen

Use the information to answer the following question.Oviparous (egg-laying) animals have internal fertilization (sperm cells encounter eggs within the female's body). Yolk and/or albumen is (are) provided to the embryo, and a shell is then deposited around the embryo and its food source. Eggs are subsequently deposited in an environment that promotes their further development, or are incubated by one or both parents. The yolk of an animal egg is similar to which of the following structures in angiosperms? endosperm carpels fruit seed coat

endosperm

Which of the following structures in an angiosperm is triploid? micropyle cotyledons endosperm gametophyte

endosperm

Suppose that the cells of seed plants, like the cells of human skin, produce a pigment upon increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Which of the following types of plant cells is most likely to produce this pigment? cells of a gametophyte vascular cells in the root epidermal cells of sporophyte megaphylls cells of a megasporangium

epidermal cells of sporophyte megaphylls

Which of the following generations in the conifer life cycle directly produces the megasporangium of pine ovules? male gametophyte female gametophyte male sporophyte female sporophyte

female sporophyte

The internal parts of the pollen grains of seed-producing plants are most similar to which of the following structures in seedless plants? moss sporophyte moss gametophyte bearing both male and female gametangia fern sporophyte fern gametophyte bearing only antheridia

fern gametophyte bearing only antheridia

Which answer arranges the characteristics of plants in the order in which they evolved, from most ancient to most recent? sporophyte dominance, gametophyte independence; sporophyte dominance, gametophyte dependence; gametophyte dominance, sporophyte dependence sporophyte dominance, gametophyte dependence; sporophyte dominance, gametophyte independence; gametophyte dominance, sporophyte dependence gametophyte dominance, sporophyte dependence; sporophyte dominance, gametophyte dependence; sporophyte dominance, gametophyte independence gametophyte dominance, sporophyte dependence; sporophyte dominance, gametophyte independence; sporophyte dominance, gametophyte dependence

gametophyte dominance, sporophyte dependence; sporophyte dominance, gametophyte independence; sporophyte dominance, gametophyte dependence

Which of the following organisms are the closest relatives of pine and spruce trees? ferns, horsetails, lycophytes, and club mosses hornworts, liverworts, and mosses gnetophytes, cycads, and ginkgos elms, maples, and aspens

gnetophytes, cycads, and ginkgos

Which of the following are present in angiosperms but not in gymnosperms? seeds pollen ovaries ovules

ovaries

Which of the following is a characteristic that distinguishes gymnosperms and angiosperms from other plants? alternation of generations independent gametophytes vascular tissue ovules

ovules

The phylum Gnetophyta includes organisms that are very diverse in appearance and live in many different parts of the Earth. These organisms are grouped into the same phylum because they ________. are similar on a molecular level live in similar habitats are all wind pollinated have coevolved with the same pollinators

are similar on a molecular level

Many mammals have skins and mucous membranes that are sensitive to secretions of plants like poison oak. These secondary compounds are primarily adaptations that function in which of the following ways? to favor pollination to foster seed dispersal to decrease competition to inhibit herbivory

to inhibit herbivory

Which of the following is a characteristic of all angiosperms? double internal fertilization free-living gametophytes carpels that contain microsporangia ovules that are not contained within ovaries

double internal fertilization

In seed plants, which of the following is part of a pollen grain and has a function most like that of the seed coat? sporophyll sporopollenin stigma sporangium

sporopollenin

In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. How many chromosomes should be in an embryo nucleus after fertilization? 8 16 24 32

16

In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. How many chromosomes should be in a tube cell nucleus? 8 16 24 32

8

Use the information to answer the following question. Scarlet gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata) usually has red flowers. In certain populations in the Arizona mountains, however, the flowers range from red to pink to white. In early summer, most (but not all) of the flowers were red. Six to eight weeks later, the same individual plants were still present; the flowers ranged from pink to white, and few red flowers were present. The major pollinators early in the season were two species of hummingbirds active during the day; they emigrated to lower elevations, and the major pollinator later in the season was a hawk moth (a type of moth). The hawk moth was most active at sunset and later, and it preferred light pink to white flowers after dark. When hummingbirds were present, more red flowers than white flowers produced fruit. When only hawk moths were present, more white flowers produced fruit. Which of the following proposed controls would be most appropriate for the experiment when, late in the season, scientists painted some of the red flowers white? Some red flowers should be painted pink Some red and light colored flowers should be covered to prevent pollinator access. Plants with light and dark colored flowers should be fertilized. A necessary control would be to put red paint on some of the red flowers in order to control for the effects of paint.

A necessary control would be to put red paint on some of the red flowers in order to control for the effects of paint.

Which of the following statements about the pine life cycle is correct? The pine tree is a gametophyte. Male and female gametophytes are in close proximity during gamete synthesis. Double fertilization is a relatively common phenomenon. Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes.

Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes.

Which of the following statements correctly describes a portion of the pine life cycle? Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs. Seeds are produced in pollen-producing cones. Pollen grains contain female gametophytes. A pollen tube slowly digests its way through the triploid endosperm.

Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs.

magine that you wanted to know if speciation is more rapid in plant groups pollinated by bees or hummingbirds. To do this, you identified 20 genera of angiosperms that contained species pollinated by both types of animals. There were substantially more species in the groups that were pollinated by bees. Which of the following conclusions are most consistent with your data? Hummingbirds promoted speciation more than did bees. Hummingbirds promoted speciation less than did bees. Each genus should be split into two new genera. The rates of speciation were similar in groups pollinated by hummingbirds and bees.

Hummingbirds promoted speciation less than did bees.

Among plants known as legumes (beans, peas, alfalfa, clover, for example) the seeds are contained in a fruit that is itself called a legume, better known as a pod. Upon opening such pods, it is commonly observed that some ovules have become mature seeds, whereas other ovules have not. Which of the following statements best explains this observation? The flowers that gave rise to such pods were not pollinated, and fruit can develop even if all ovules within have not been fertilized. Pollen tubes did not enter all of the ovules in such pods, and the ovules that failed to develop into seeds were derived from sterile floral parts. Pollen tubes did not enter all of the ovules in such pods, and fruit can develop even if all ovules within have not been fertilized. There was apparently not enough endosperm to distribute to all of the ovules in such pods, and fruit can develop even if all ovules within have not been fertilized.

Pollen tubes did not enter all of the ovules in such pods, and fruit can develop even if all ovules within have not been fertilized.

Use the information to answer the following question.Scarlet gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata) usually has red flowers. In certain populations in the Arizona mountains, however, the flowers range from red to pink to white. In early summer, most (but not all) of the flowers were red. In late summer, the same individual plants were still present; the flowers ranged from pink to white, and few red flowers were present. The table below describes the pollination process in these plants. Late in the season, when only hawk moths were present, researchers painted the red flowers white. Which of the following results is most likely in this situation? Unpainted red flowers would produce more fruits than white flowers would. Red flowers painted white would produce more fruits than red flowers would. Red and white flowers would produce the same numbers of fruits. Unpainted red flowers would produce the same number of fruits as the white flowers.

Red flowers painted white would produce more fruits than red flowers would.

Within a gymnosperm megasporangium, which of the following develops before the others after fertilization occurs? megaspore sporophyte embryo egg cell female gametophyte

megaspore

What type of cell division does the generative of a male angiosperm gametophyte cell undergo to produce sperm cells? binary fission mitosis meiosis meiosis without subsequent cytokinesis

mitosis

The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels, is native to tropical rain forests of South America. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow flowers of Brazil nut trees cannot fertilize themselves and admit only female orchid bees as pollinators. If a female orchid bee has just left a Brazil nut tree with nectar in her stomach, and if she visits another flower on a different Brazil nut tree, what is the sequence in which the following events should occur? pollen transfer, pollen tube emerges from pollen grain, pollen tube enters micropyle, double fertilization pollen transfer, pollen tube enters micropyle, pollen tube emerges from pollen grain, double fertilization pollen tube emerges from pollen grain, pollen transfer, pollen tube enters micropyle, double fertilization pollen tube enters micropyle, pollen tube emerges from pollen grain, pollen transfer, double fertilization

pollen transfer, pollen tube emerges from pollen grain, pollen tube enters micropyle, double fertilization

Which of the following could best be investigated by measuring fruit production in plants? pollination success seed dispersal success primary productivity phototropism

pollination success

Which of the following describes a difference between wind-pollinated angiosperms compared with animal pollinated plants? Wind pollenated plants ________. produce fewer seeds because winds disperse seeds in a targeted manner produce more seeds because winds disperse seeds greater distances produce much less pollen because winds disperse pollen in a highly targeted manner produce much more pollen because winds disperse pollen randomly

produce much more pollen because winds disperse pollen randomly

Which of the following statements describes a difference between seed plants and ferns? seed plants produce two kinds of spores seed plants have large gametophytes seed plants have vascular tissue seed plants can photosynthesize

seed plants produce two kinds of spores

Which of the following answers arranges the structures found on male pine trees from the largest structure to the smallest? sporophyte, pollen cone, microsporangia, microspores, pollen nuclei sporophyte, microspores, microsporangia, pollen nuclei, pollen cone pollen cone, sporophyte, microspores, microsporangia, pollen nuclei pollen cone, microsporangia, microspores, pollen nuclei, sporophyte

sporophyte, pollen cone, microsporangia, microspores, pollen nuclei