CH 31
A WORLDWIDE DEPRESSION [31.2]
A WORLDWIDE DEPRESSION [31.2]
AGGRESSORS INVADE NATIONS [31.4]
AGGRESSORS INVADE NATIONS [31.4]
What were Einstein's and Freud's new ideas?
Albert Einstein completely changed physics with his ideas about space, time, matter, and energy. He said that as moving objects neared the speed of light, space and time became relative. Meaning they change. His idea is the theory of relativity. Sigmund Freud changed the way people thought about the human mind. He said that much of human behavior was irrational due to urges and desires buried in the unconscious mind of each person.
surrealism
Art movement in which a dreamlike world, outside of reality, is portrayed or evoked
What happened at the Munich Conference?
At this meeting Germany, France, Britain, and Italy agreed to allow the Germans to take the land. In return, Hitler promised to respect the new borders of Czechoslovakia. A few months later, however, he took the entire country.
isolationism
Belief that political ties with other countries should be avoided
What did Mussolini promise the Italians?
Benito Mussolini came to power by promising to help the economy and build the armed forces. He used armed thugs to threaten political opponents.
Mein Kampf
Book by Hitler outlining his beliefs and goals for Germany
Social Darwinism
"Survival of the fittest"
Facism
"a bundle of rods tied together;" a system of government that focuses on the good of the state rather than on the individual citizens
What is existentialism?
Existentialism argues that there is no universal meaning to the world. Each person must give life meaning through his or her own actions.
FASCISM RISES IN EUROPE [31.3]
FASCISM RISES IN EUROPE [31.3]
Adolf Hitler
Fascist leader of Germany
Benito Mussolini
Fascist leader of Italy
Charles Lindbergh
First person to fly alone across the Atlantic
Evaluate scientific, artistic, social, and technological changes in 1920
General Technology (Planes, Phones, and Light ect.) 3D Printing
Nazism
German brand of fascism
Third Reich
German empire
Friedrich Nietzsche
German philosopher who dismissed reason, democracy, and progress as empty ideas
What places did Germany and Italy invade?
Germany invades Rhineland for the coal and natural resources. And Italy invaded Ethiopia for its near the coast and was a geo strategic location.
Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, and Japan
appeasement
Giving in to keep the peace In other words Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict
Weimar Republic
Government of Germany after World War I
What changes did Hitler make?
He forced children to join Nazi groups. Hitler also attacked Germany's Jews. Laws took away their rights. In November 1938, mobs attacked Jewish people and destroyed thousands of Jewish-owned buildings. This was the start of a process to eliminate the Jews from German life. Similar to the secret police of Ivan The Terrible.
What were some of Hitler's beliefs?
Hitler believed that Germans were superior to all other people (Social Darwinism). He said that the Treaty of Versailles treated Germany unfairly. He also said that a crowded Germany needed more living space. To get that space, he promised to conquer the lands of eastern Europe and Russia.
theory of relativity
Idea that as moving objects approach the speed of light, space and time become relative
What territories did Japan invade?
In 1931, the Japanese army invaded Manchuria, a province of China. Four years later, Japan invaded China.
jazz
Lively, loose form of popular music developed in the United States
lebensraum
Living space
Books and Authors
Machiavelli [Prince] Homer [The Odyssey] Shakespeare [Romeo and Juliet] Mary Shelly [Frankenstein]
Munich Conference
Meeting of world powers in 1938 that allowed Hitler to take part of Czechoslovakia
Why did democracy survive in some countries?
Only in nations with strong democratic traditions (Britain, France and the Scandinavian countries), did democracy survive.
POSTWAR UNCERTAINTY [31.1]
POSTWAR UNCERTAINTY [31.1]
What two new styles arose in the visual arts?
Pablo Picasso founded a style called cubism that broke objects into geometric shapes. An art movement called surrealism showed a dreamlike existence outside reality. African-American musicians in the United States developed a lively, loose form of popular music called jazz.
existentialism
Philosophy that says each person must make meaning in a world that has no universal meaning
Sigmund Freud
Physician who exposed the workings of the unconscious mind
fascism
Political movement based on nationalism that gives power to a dictator and takes away individual rights
Franklin D. Roosevelt
President of the United States during the Depression
New Deal
Roosevelt's program for creating jobs and improving the American economy
Albert Einstein
Scientist who developed the theory of relativity. Manhattan Project and Atomic Energy
Great Depression
Severe economic downturn that followed the collapse of the U.S. stock market in 1929
In what ways was society more open?
Society changed after WWI. Young people experimented with modern values. Women set aside earlier forms of dress, wearing new styles that were looser and shorter. And many women also began to work in new careers.
Francisco Franco
Spain's Fascist dictator
Explain postwar Europe, Wiemar Republic and Great Depression.
Struggling economically, weak individually
What major changes came about in travel and entertainment?
Technology brought about changes to society. Improvements to the automobile helped make cars more desirable and affordable. Another change was the growth in air travel. American pilot Charles Lindbergh flew alone across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927. The radio was developed and became popular. In the 1920s, large radio networks were built.
coalition government
Temporary alliance of several political parties
What caused the Great Depression?
The economy of the United States enjoyed a boom in the 1920's. But this growth hid problems. Consumers were unable to buy all the goods produced. When their purchases slowed, factories slowed production. Farmers faced falling food prices and slow sales. They were unable to repay loans and lost their farms. In 1929, stock prices in the United States plunged. The Great Depression had begun.
Why was the postwar situation in Germany especially bad?
The people felt little loyalty to the government. Germany's government was very weak. Prices rose sharply, and money lost its value. Later, American bank loans helped the German economy recover.
