Ch 31 H

36. In his policy toward the Third World, President Reagan believed that a. the United States should make the promotion of economic development and social progress the key theme of American relations with underdeveloped nations b. the United States should be wary of supporting undemocratic leaders, even if they appeared to align themselves with American foreign policy goals c. the United States should vigorously support anticommunist efforts throughout the underdeveloped world d. the United States could work closely with left-wing nationalist groups, as long as they were not closely aligned with the Soviet Union or China e. the United States should concentrate its resources on the Cold War in Europe, which was more central to American interests than other regions

c. the United States should vigorously support anti communist efforts throughout the underdeveloped world

27. Negotiations between the Reagan administration and the Gorbachev regime resulted in a. the removal of American and Soviet troops from Germany b. a 50 percent reduction in U.S. and Soviet nuclear arsenals c. the elimination of American and Soviet intermediate-range nuclear forces from Europe d. the re-election of Gorbachev as leader of the Soviet Union e. loss of congressional support for Reagan

c. the elimination of American and Soviet intermediate-range nuclear forces from Europe

2. Among the major accomplishments of the Ford administration was a. an impressive restoration of antipoverty programs b. a significant decline in the inflation rate c. the signing of an arms control agreement with the Soviet Union d. the prosecution of former President Nixon for crimes committed while in office e. an end to the conflict in the Middle East

c. the signing of an arms control agreement with the Soviet Union C

46. Evangelical Christians in the 1970s and 1980s differed from their early twentieth-century counterparts in that a. they were much more likely to live in rural areas b. they tended to avoid involvement in politics c. they were more likely to belong to the middle class and to be more assertive d. they were largely dismissed by secular political and social leaders e. they were poorly organized and had little way to spread their message

c. they were more likely to belong to the middle class and to be more assertive

29. The Iran-contra scandal seriously damaged the Reagan administration's reputation when it revealed that the United States a. sent funds to Iranian terrorists to finance their attacks on the Muslim government b. sent funds to Iraq to support the country in its war with Iran c. used the money from the sale of arms to Iran to aid the contras in Nicaragua d. used government funds to purchase arms for the rebels in Iran e. was involved in supporting the communist revolution in Nicaragua

c. used the money from the sale of arms to Iran to aid the contras in Nicaragua

31. During the presidential campaign of 1988, George Bush a. had a big lead at the start of the campaign and kept it all the way to win a big victory b. had a big lead at the start but lost most of it as the campaign progressed and won by only a small margin c. was far behind at the start of the campaign but came on strong at the end to achieve a substantial victory d. was far behind at the start but recovered sufficiently by the end of the campaign to win a close contest e. was able to maintain a close margin of victory throughout the campaign

c. was far behind at the start of the campaign but came on strong at the end to achieve a substantial victory

12. The conservative resurgence of the late 1970s was strongest in the state of a. New York b. Michigan c. Massachusetts d. California e. Illinois

d. California

4. Contenders for the presidency in 1976 included all of the following except a. Jimmy Carter b. Ronald Reagan c. Eugene McCarthy d. John Anderson e. Gerald Ford

d. John Anderson D

35. In the 1992 presidential election, a. George Bush became the first incumbent president to be defeated by a challenger b. Ross Perot finished second behind Bill Clinton c. Ross Perot became the first third-party candidate to receive any electoral votes d. Ross Perot had the best showing of any third-party or independent candidate since Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 e. George Bush won the popular vote, but lost the electoral vote

d. Ross Perot had the best showing of any third-party or independent candidate since Theodore Roosevelt in 1912

17. The election of Ronald Reagan to the presidency in 1980 signaled a change in American politics that was also evident in a. a shift in rural voters from the Republican to the Democratic party b. a Democratic majority in Congress c. the African-American shift away from the Democratic party d. a Republican majority in both Houses e. Republican control of the Senate

d. a Republican majority in both Houses e

19. "Reaganomics," or "supply-side" economics, operated from the assumption that the woes of the American economy were largely the result of a. interest rates b. foreign causes c. corporate welfare d. excessive taxation e. inadequate government spending

d. excessive taxation

33. In 1989, the United States military a. set up a permanent base in Kuwait aggravating neighboring Iraq b. invaded Panama, replaced the military leader, and reclaimed the Panama Canal c. invaded Libya looking for terrorists d. invaded Panama, replaced the military leader, and replaced him with an elected, pro- American government e. provided security for the new country of Poland

d. invaded Panama, replaced the military leader, and replaced him with an elected, pro- American government

1. In the 1970s, Americans experienced the "age of limits," a period of lowered expectations characterized by all of the following problems except a. economic decay b. defeat in Vietnam c. the Watergate crisis d. loss of hope e. loss of governmental credibility

d. loss of hope D

26. The demonstrations in Beijing on June 3, 1989, resulted in a. an expansion of democracy in China and the lessening of tensions between China and the Soviet Union b. reunification of the Chinese Democratic Republic and the People's Republic of China c. hardline Chinese Communists being overthrown and the installation of a free market economy d. the democratic movement being crushed and a renewed period of repression e. free elections being held to determine China's status as a communist nation

d. the democratic movement being crushed and a renewed period of repression

25. The new "glasnost" and "perestroika" policies in the Soviet Union introduced a. the concept of individual rights plus freedom of the press b. a new state-controlled economy and increased government repression of free speech c. the abolition of all collectives along with the opening of all secret records d. the right to oppose government policy and moved the country toward economic reform e. a hard-line interpretation of Marxist doctrine

d. the right to oppose government policy and moved the country toward economic reform

8. Despite severe domestic difficulties, President Carter achieved all the following international milestones, except a. a peace treaty between Israel and Egypt b. formalizing diplomatic relations with China c. Salt II treaty with the Soviet Union d. the withdrawal of Russian troops from Afghanistan e. return control of the Panama Canal to the government of Panama

d. the withdrawal of Russian troops from Afghanistan

6. In his "malaise" speech, Jimmy Carter said that a. federal spending for public works should be reduced and taxes increased b. the United States should denounce the Salt II agreements and seek peace between Egypt and Israel c. America was experiencing a "crisis of confidence" and needed to decrease its dependence on foreign oil d. civil rights a war on poverty were the major issues of his administration e. America should give foreign aid to the Arab countries and attempt to form political alliances with the oil-producing countries

e. America should give foreign aid to the Arab countries and attempt to form political alliances with the oil-producing countries c

38. President Carter's most successful foreign policy accomplishment was his a. negotiation of the Panama Canal Treaty b. handling of the SALT II negotiations c. effort to negotiate a treaty between Israel and Egypt d. response to the Iranian hostage crisis e. Resumption of formal diplomatic relations with China

e. Resumption of formal diplomatic relations with China C

7. President Carter's diplomatic efforts in relieving the tensions between Egypt and Israel resulted in a. the return of the West Bank to the Palestinian Arabs b. an initial movement toward peace but an inability to formulate a final peace treaty c. the Egyptian occupations of the Golan Heights d. an agreement to reduce tensions by placing U.S. troops on the West Bank e. a formal peace treaty between Egypt and Israel

e. a formal peace treaty between Egypt and Israel

39. A major result of President Reagan's economic policies was a. a significant increase in federal spending for new social programs b. an increase in inflation levels over those of the previous decade c. an increase in federal assistance to state and city governments d. a decrease in federal spending for national defense e. an increase in both federal budget deficits and the national debt

e. an increase in both federal budget deficits and the national debt

22. During the Reagan administration, relations between the United States and the Soviet Union were marked by a. American efforts to link armament reduction with Soviet behavior on other issues b. a series of military conflicts between both nations c. aggressive American efforts to reduce tensions at all costs d. ratification of the Salt II arms control agreement e. cultural exchange programs

e. cultural exchange programs

47. The most significant demographic trend of the 1970s and 1980s was a. the movement of African Americans from the South to northern cities b. the influx of immigrants seeking jobs in heavy industry c. the rapid population growth in the Northeast and Midwest d. the continuation of high birth rates that had started in the immediate postwar period e. the internal migration of Americans to the South and Southwest

e. the internal migration of Americans to the South and Southwest

5. By the end of the Carter administration, the economy was plagued by all of the following economic conditions except a. unemployment in excess of 10 percent b. inflation running at over 10 percent c. interest rates near 20 percent d. a major fuel shortage e. high prices imposed by OPEC

a. unemployment in excess of 10 percent A

37. President Carter's efforts to maintain his "outsider" status during the 1976 presidential campaign resulted in a. his ability to undertake sweeping reforms upon assuming office b. opposition from veteran congressional leaders that made it difficult for Carter to accomplish many of his programs c. his ability to maintain high levels of popularity with the American people throughout his term in office d. a desire by the American people to make great sacrifices in order to preserve the nation's foreign policy e. the implementation of a series of dramatic initiatives that significantly shifted American foreign policy toward the Soviet Union

b. opposition from veteran congressional leaders that made it difficult for Carter to accomplish many of his programs

28. During the 1980s, Congress cooperated with the Reagan administration by a. eliminating regulations on national banks so that easy credit would enhance business expansion b. reducing regulatory controls over troubled savings and loan banks c. keeping the same level of regulations to keep from disrupting a secure savings and loan industry d. enacting stiff new banking regulations to control the activities of the national banks e. supporting strict regulations of financial markets and banking

b. reducing regulatory controls over troubled savings and loan banks

14. The "Christian right" of the late 1970s and early 1980s opposed all of the following ideas except a. the teaching of evolution b. the censorship of pornography c. the right of abortion d. the growth of feminism e. the development of secular humanism

b. the censorship of pornography

42. The slogans "It's Morning in America" and "America Is Back" represent the themes emphasized by a. Gerald Ford b. Jimmy Carter c. Ronald Reagan d. George Bush e. Bill Clinton

c. Ronald Reagan

44. United States involvement in the first Persian Gulf War resulted from a. concern over the spread of communism in the region b. efforts to stem the increase of Islamic radicalism c. a desire to reverse Iraq's invasion of Kuwait d. a desire to punish Iraq for its actions during the Iran-Iraq war e. a desire to support Israel against Arab territorial claims

c. a desire to reverse Iraq's invasion of Kuwait

32. The most serious domestic problem that faced the Bush administration, causing the erosion of its popularity before the 1992 election, was the a. administration's failure to provide adequate funding for AIDS research b. involvement of the vice president in the Iran-contra scandal c. failure to bring an end to the 1990 recession d. allegation that the president had used the influence of his wealthy family to avoid military service e. belief that the president meant to overturn the Voting Rights Act

c. failure to bring an end to the 1990 recession

41. George Bush was elected president in 1988 as a result of all of the following except a. the uninspired campaigning of Democratic nominee Michael Dukakis b. his rhetorical skills and inspirational campaigning style c. his being identified with the policies that were leading to the end of the Cold War d. his pledge of "no new taxes" if he was elected e. his relentless attacks on Dukakis and liberalism in general

c. his being identified with the policies that were leading to the end of the Cold War

10. In response to the Iranian hostage crisis, President Carter took the action of a. sending a Marine division to the capital of Iran b. returning the Shah of Iran to Iran in exchange for the hostages c. negotiating the release of the hostages after more than a year of captivity d. getting the Soviet Union to intervene in Iran on behalf of the hostages e. ordering air strikes against Tehran

c. negotiating the release of the hostages after more than a year of captivity

9. From the 1950s until the 1970s, U.S. policy toward Iran emphasized a. military assistance to the Islamic clergy in an effort to overthrow the Shah b. military and financial support of democratic forces attempting to overthrow the government c. political and military support of the Shah d. support of anticommunist guerrillas fighting in Iran's mountainous regions e. refusal to recognize the Iranian government

c. political and military support of the Shah

15. As the New Right developed in the 1970s and 1980s, it opposed the activities of men such as a. Gerald Ford b. Barry Goldwater c. Ronald Reagan d. Jesse Helms e. Richard Viguerie

a. Gerald Ford

23. The Reagan doctrine of American activism in the Third World was most particularly exercised in a. Grenada and Nicaragua b. the Philippines and South Africa c. Iran and Saudi Arabia d. Venezuela and the Dominican Republic e. Korea and Vietnam

a. Grenada and Nicaragua

34. During the Gulf War, the United States and its allies fought the military forces of a. Iraq b. Iran c. Saudia Arabia d. Kuwait e. Syria

a. Iraq

18. During his years as president, Ronald Reagan exhibited all of the following traits except a. a well-informed administrator who knew his policies and programs in great detail b. a vigorous and resilient person who bounced back quickly from disease and injury c. an excellent public speaker who was a master of television d. an overall leader who decided general policy, but stayed out of the day-to-day operations of government e. a spokesman for wealthy and conservative Americans

a. a well-informed administrator who knew his policies and programs in great detail

3. One of the major contributing factors to the rising inflation of the Ford administration during the 1970s was a. dependence on foreign oil supplies b. a major cut in tax rates c. a sharp drop in interest rates d. a significant decrease in federal spending e. the decreasing importance of the national bank

a. dependence on foreign oil supplies A

43. President Carter responded to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan by a. pursuing a policy of negotiation with Soviet leaders b. calling for economic sanctions and boycotting the 1980 Moscow Olympics c. attempting to assure the American people that the Soviet move was largely defensive in nature d. threatening nuclear retaliation as a possible American option e. calling upon the United Nations to assemble an international military coalition to remove Soviet troops

a. pursuing a policy of negotiation with Soviet leaders B

45. During his presidency, Gerald Ford pursued policies that a. represented a retreat from Nixon's policy of détente b. frequently angered conservative members of his party c. successfully resolved the nation's economic problems d. included bold new domestic initiatives e. sought to punish Nixon and others who had been involved in Watergate

a. represented a retreat from Nixon's policy of détente

40. An analysis of presidential elections between 1968 and 1988 would reveal evidence of all of the following except a. the continuing dominance of the New Deal coalition at the national level b. the growing influence of the "Christian right" on American politics c. the Democratic loss of control over the "Solid South" d. the growing electoral influence of the Southwest e. the ability of the Republican Party to form successful electoral coalitions

a. the continuing dominance of the New Deal coalition at the national level

24. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the dominant factor in foreign affairs was a. the ending of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union b. a lessening of the tensions between the United States and China c. a substantial increase in terrorist activity in the world d. renewed diplomatic clashes between the United States and the Soviet Union e. new missile crisis in Eastern Europe

a. the ending of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union

30. George Bush defeated Michael Dukakis in the 1988 presidential election by identifying him with a. outlandish increases in military expenditures b. all of the unpopular social and cultural stances Americans identified with liberals c. an inability to deal with pressing social problems d. an aggressive and warlike stand on foreign policy e. the conservative racial stances of the Democratic party

b. all of the unpopular social and cultural stances Americans identified with liberals

11. The conservative populists of the Southeast and Southwest that rose to prominence in the late 1970s and early 1980s supported all of the following political concepts except a. opposition to the growth of government b. commitment to the protection of minority rights c. resentment of the proliferating environmental laws d. support of the virtues of the rugged individual e. rejection of regulations on land use

b. commitment to the protection of minority rights

21. President Reagan sought to achieve deficit reduction by lowering "discretionary" domestic spending a. on military and defense programs b. for food stamps and federal subsidies for low-income housing c. for Social Security and Medicare benefits d. on interest payments for the national debt e. on subsidies for large corporations

b. for food stamps and federal subsidies for low-income housing

20. Economic recovery during 1983 was a result of all of the following developments except a. a decrease in the rate of inflation b. increased interest rates by the Federal Reserve Board c. a sharp drop in oil prices d. federal budget deficits e. the tight money policies of the Federal Reserve Board

b. increased interest rates by the Federal Reserve Board

16. In the battle over Proposition 13 during the late 1970s, California conservatives discovered the effective new political tactic of attacking a. Social Security b. taxes c. welfare programs d. environmentalism e. civil rights

b. taxes

13. Well-known evangelical Christians of the 1970s and 1980s included all of the following men except a. Billy Graham b. Oral Roberts c. Jerry Falwell d. Jimmy Carter e. Edward Kennedy

e. Edward Kennedy