CH 33 Animal diversity and the evolution of body plans
Embryonic development in most animals is characterized by which of the following?
-Mitotic divisions called cleavege -formation of the gastrula -formation of the larva -formation of the blastula
When is indeterminate development observed?
-When each cell formed during cleavege retains the ability to develop onto an embryo -When the cells formed during cleavage dont differentiate into specific tissue types.
Which of the following are characteristics of ctenophores?
-they possess collobasts for prey capture. -they may be small and spherical or long and ribbon-like -they move by coordinated beating of cillia -they are bioluminecent
Order the events in the sexual reproduction of sponges as they occur
1) Choanocytes transform into sperm cells 2)Sperm cells are carried to another sponge of the same species 3)sperm cells are captured by choanocytes 4)sperm cells are transferred to the mesohyl, where fertilization occurs 5)fertilized eggs develop into free swimming larvae 6)Larvae attach themselves to a surface and metamorphose into adults
Order the major events in the generalized life cycle of a cnidarian as they occur starting with gamete formation on the top
1) Gamete formation by the medusa form 2)Fertalization 3)Development of the panula lavra 4)Polyp formation 5)Asexual production of the medusa
Within phylum Cnidaria, the class that includes the most species is:
Anthozoa
the skeleton of a sponge may be composed of:
Calcium carbonate spicules. spongin fibers, and silica spicules
Members of what phylum are characterized by a diplastic, radially symetrical body plan and possess nematocysts that are used in prey capture and defense?
Cnidarians
Animals can be classified based on their development of a body cavity. Match each type of animal with the correct definition.
Coelomate- Animal with a fluid filled body cavity lined with tissue from the mesoderm acoelomate- Animal that lacks a body cavity psuedocoelomate- Animal with a body cavity not completely lined with tissue from the mesoderm
The animal phylum that includes members that are bioluminecent, live in marine enviornments, and use cilia for movement and colloblasts for prey capture is______________.
Ctenophora
comb jellies make up the phylum ______________.
Ctenophora
Which of the following is a feature that differentiates ctenophores from cniderians?
Ctenophores propel themselves using cilia.
In what capacities do nematocysts function?
Defense and Prey capture.
Match each sponge cell to its description.
Egg and sperm cell => Cells involved in sexual reproduction Amboid cells => Cells found within the mesohyl of the sponge Epithelial cells=> Flattened cells that surround the body of the sponge choanocytes =>Flaggelated, collar cells
Match each embryotic germ layer in eumatazoans to the tissues to which it gives rise.
Endoderm=>gastrodermis mesoderm=>muscles ectoderm=>epidermis and nervous system
What clade includes all animals that have true tissues and body symmetry?
Eumetazoa
In contrast to parazoa, this groups include all animals that have true tissues and body symmetry.
Eumetazoans
All animals can be classified into two basic groups. _________ are characterized but the presence of true tissue and some kind of body symmetry, while __________ lack both of these traits
Eumetazoans Parazoans
Select the terms that accurately describe an organism that obtains energy and organic molecules by ingesting other organisms
Heterotroph Carnivore Detrivore Ominvore
Match the organisms with the correct body symmetry.
Humans=>Bilateral Symmetry Sponges=>No Symmetry Jellyfish=>radial symmetry
Which of the following are common animal characteristics?
Locomotion, Multicellular, Heterotrophic, Sexual reproduction
The unique stinging extracellular structures that assist cniderians in defense and prey capture are known as which of the following?
Nematocysts
The ____ are small openings (pores) which allow water to enter a sponge.
Ostia
Virtually all animals use egg and sperm to reproduce __________
Sexually
All animals exhibit some form of symmetry except
Sponges
Which of the following is true concerning several cells in sponges?
They are multicellular but do not have true tissues
Which of the following are characteristics of sponges?
They have free-swimming larvae, They have specialized cells, called choanocytes They do not have true tissues.
Which of the following best describes how animals obtain the organic molecules necessary to sustain life.
They obtain organic molecules by feeding on other organisms or their own products
Which of the following are characteristics of cniderians
They possess nemmatocysts for pray capture and defense Mesoglea forms a layer between the epidermis and gastrodermis They may exist as polyp, meduse, or during their life cycle. They digest food extracellularly
Despite their simplicity, the appereance of noncoelmates invertabrates was very important- these organisms possessed the basic animal ________ ________, from which that of all other animals evolved.
body plan
The cells of which of the following organisms lack cell walls?
butterfly, millipede
Match each sponge cell type to its description.`
choanocytes- flagellated collar cells amoeboid cells-Cells found within the mesohyl of the sponge epithelial cells- flattened cells that surround the body of the sponge egg and sperm cells- reproductive cells
what organisms are included in the phylum ctenophora?
comb jellies
Which of the following are carried out in the gastrovascular space of cnidarians
digestion, waste discharge, gas exchange, gamete production
Which of the following form the monophyletic clade the deuterostomia based on morphological and mollecular phylogey
echinodermata and chordata
Which of the following correctly defines animals which lack backbone?
invertebrates
In contrast to unicellular organisms like protozoa, animals (metazoans) are all ____ because they are made up of cells
multicelluar
one difference between cniderians and ctenophores is in the type pf cell they utilize for prey capture; cniderians possess________________, while ctenophores possess _______________.
nematocytes, colloblasts
how do ctenophores move?
the beating of their cilia
Which of the following best explains why animals are considered monophyletic?
they have a common ancestor
True or false: Sponges do not have tissues.
true
