ch 35-36
The Marshall Plan most directly resulted from which of the following?
A foreign policy based on the collective security of noncommunist nations
— James T. Patterson, historian, Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945-1974, published in 1996 Which of the following factors most directly contributed to the economic trend that Patterson describes?
A surge in the national birthrate
The rock 'n' roll of Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, and the Rolling Stones derived primarily from
African American rhythm and blues
Influential critics of the 1950's, such as David Riesman, were most concerned with which of the following aspects of the life in the United States following the Second World War?
Alienation and conformity in modern society
Senator Joseph McCarthy, speech in Wheeling, West Virginia, 1950 McCarthy's accusations in the excerpt best reflect which of the following?
Anxieties about Soviet influence at home and abroad
President Harry Truman, statement on the government's employee loyalty program, 1947 Which of the following best describes the historical context that led to the program described in the excerpt?
Anxieties over Soviet spying in the United States
Eisenhower's concerns expressed in the excerpt emerged most directly from the context of the
Cold War
President Harry Truman, statement on the government's employee loyalty program, 1947 The excerpt could best be used as evidence of which of the following developments in the United States at the time?
Debates over the policies and methods designed to expose suspected communists
Senator John F. Kennedy, presidential campaign speech, 1960 The excerpts best support which of the following arguments about postwar United States foreign policy?
Fear of Soviet expansion led to greater United States international involvement.
The situation depicted in the map had the most in common with which of the following earlier processes?
Federal attempts to guarantee rights for formerly enslaved people during Reconstruction
The rise of what the excerpt describes as "domestic containment" most directly contributed to which of the following characteristics of United States society during the period?
Greater cultural homogeneity
Which of the following statements is correct about the rise of Senator Joseph R. McCarthy to national prominence?
He effectively played on the fears of Americans that communists had infiltrated the State Department and other federal agencies.
Which of the following statements about the emergence of rock and roll music as a part of 1950's popular culture in the United States is true?
It relied heavily on Black musical traditions.
Which of the following is most characteristic of President Eisenhower's Cold War strategy?
It relied on the principle of massive retaliation.
The cartoon above refers to which of the following political figures?
Joseph McCarthy
Senator John F. Kennedy, presidential campaign speech, 1960 Which of the following best describes a difference between Eisenhower's and Kennedy's arguments in the excerpts?
Kennedy called for an increase in spending on national defense, while Eisenhower cautioned against the effect of defense spending on democratic government.
Which of the following was true of women in the five years following the Second World War?
Large numbers left their industrial jobs to make room for returning soldiers.
Which of the following was a reason for the patterns depicted on the map?
Many counties and states actively resisted implementing the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.
Advertisement for Levitt and Sons housing development in Levittown, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Inquirer, 1951 Which of the following best explains a limitation of the incentives expressed in the advertisement?
Many new suburban housing developments of the 1950s practiced racial segregation.
Someone who favored George Washington's approach to foreign policy would be most likely to object to which of the following United States policies?
Membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Which of the following migration patterns had the greatest impact on United States society in the 1950s?
Migration of Americans from urban centers to the suburbs
United States Senate Resolution 301, 1954 Senator Joseph McCarthy's actions, as described in the excerpt, were most likely interpreted at the time as a reaction to which of the following historical situations?
Perceptions of expanding foreign influence
The Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka directly contradicted the legal principle established by
Plessy v. Ferguson
The Supreme Court decision on Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka essentially reversed which of the following earlier Court decisions?
Plessy v. Ferguson
Advertisement for Levitt and Sons housing development in Levittown, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Inquirer, 1951 The ideas in the advertisement most likely had limited appeal for which of the following groups?
Rebellious young people uncomfortable with conformity
United States Senate Resolution 301, 1954 Rhetoric in the excerpt would most likely have been interpreted as promoting which of the following policies?
Rejecting tactics used to expose alleged communists in the government
What conclusions about school segregation in 1954 can be drawn from the map above?
School segregation was a national problem, not one confined to a single region.
Which of the following was most responsible for bringing to an end Senator Joseph McCarthy's anticommunist campaign?
Television audiences witnessed his manner of leveling unsubstantiated charges.
— James T. Patterson, historian, Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945-1974, published in 1996 The increased culture of consumerism during the 1950s was most similar to developments in which of the following earlier periods?
The 1920s
Winston Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech helped mark the beginning of which of the following developments?
The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union
Which of the following is a correct statement about the college-level education in the twentieth-century United States?
The GI Bill financed the education of male students during the post-Second World War era.
Senator Joseph McCarthy, speech in Wheeling, West Virginia, 1950 The political climate during McCarthy's era had the most in common with which of the following?
The attacks on radicals and immigrants following the First World War
The policies advocated by Marshall had most in common with which of the following developments in other periods in United States history?
The attempts by the federal government to foster economic opportunities for former slaves after the Civil War
Which of the following best characterizes the military-industrial complex in the decade following Eisenhower's speech?
The concerns about the military and industry largely persisted.
United States Senate Resolution 301, 1954 The excerpt could best be used as evidence by historians studying which of the following?
The decline of the Red Scare
William H. Whyte, The Organization Man, 1956 Whyte's concern in the excerpt for "the pressures of the group, the frustrations of individual creativity" best provides evidence for which of the following developments in the 1950s?
The emphasis on conformity in suburban communities
Which of the following most directly contributed to the developments Eisenhower warned "we must guard against"?
The growth of the nuclear arsenal
Advertisement for Levitt and Sons housing development in Levittown, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Inquirer, 1951 The advertisement best provides evidence for which of the following developments in the 1950s?
The increase in homogeneity in postwar society
The fact that a former British prime minister expressed the ideas in the excerpt to an audience in the United States helped promote which of the following?
The participation of both Britain and the United States in an international collective security system
William H. Whyte, The Organization Man, 1956 Whyte's discussion about the "issue of individualism" best serves as evidence for the responses to which of following situations in the 1950s?
The rejection of mass culture by some artists and intellectuals
Advertisement for Levitt and Sons housing development in Levittown, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Inquirer, 1951 The ideas expressed in the advertisement overlook which of the following contexts that allowed for the expansion of new suburban housing developments in the 1950s?
The reliance on new roads and highways
In the decade following the Second World War, the Supreme Court decision that had the most widespread consequences concerned which of the following?
The rights of minority groups
The pattern described in the excerpt of Americans who "got married, moved to the suburbs, and had babies" most directly contributed to which of the following long-term developments?
The rise of youth rebellion through the counterculture
A desire for greater national security in the United States emerged immediately after the Second World War because of fear of which of the following?
The spread of international communism
In response to the situation depicted in the map, most civil rights leaders in the 1960s did which of the following?
Urged stronger federal action to compel states to enforce civil rights protections
The 1950s picture above shows what some social critics believed to be
a representation of the conformity of postwar culture
NSC-68: United States Objectives and Programs for National Security, 1950 The policies expressed in the excerpt contributed most directly to debates in the United States about the
best means to combat communism
The policy of containment, justified by George Kennan's 1947 analysis of the international situation, called for
blocking the expansion of the Soviet Union's influence
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a Supreme Court decision that
declared racially segregated public schools inherently unequal
Speech by Secretary of State George Marshall initiating the aid program known as the Marshall Plan, 1947 The ideas expressed in the excerpt were most directly motivated by the
devastation left by the Second World War
The containment policy articulated by George F. Kennan in 1947 proposed
efforts by the United States to block the expansion of the Soviet Union's influence
A United States response to the successful orbiting of Sputnik in 1957 was to
expand federal aid into education
The main goal of the Marshall Plan was to
finance the economic reconstruction of Western Europe
In an influential 1947 article, diplomat George F. Kennan advocated that the United States should
focus its foreign policy on containing the spread of Soviet communism
An important way in which the situation described in the excerpt was significant was that it
highlighted a view of communism as an authoritarian threat
African American pressure prompted President Harry Truman to advance civil rights by
issuing Executive Order 9981 desegregating the armed forces
The Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s successfully eliminated
legal segregation
In the mid-1950s, President Eisenhower's argument for federal funding of highway construction emphasized
national defense
In 1950 a major factor in President Harry Truman's commitment of American troops to combat North Korean aggression was a desire to
overcome the stigma that the Democratic party had "lost" China to communism
When the Soviet Union successfully launched the first artificial satellite Sputnik in 1957, Congress responded by
passing the National Defense Education Act
President Harry Truman, statement on the government's employee loyalty program, 1947 Opponents of the program described in the excerpt most often argued that it
posed a serious threat to civil liberties
The principal reason for the formation of the Dixiecrat party in 1948 was the opposition of dissident Democrats to President Truman's
proposal for civil rights legislation
A key significance of Churchill's purpose in the excerpt was that it helped prompt the United States to
provide financial support to democratic nations in Western Europe to help restore a market economy
A significant demographic development in the two decades following the Second World War was a
rapid growth of suburbs
— James T. Patterson, historian, Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945-1974, published in 1996 One significant result of the economic trend described in the excerpt was the
rise of the Sun Belt as a political and economic force
The initial response of the United Stated to the outbreak of war in Korea was to
seek collective action against North Korea through the United Nations
The unanimous Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka stated that segregated schools were unconstitutional because
separation of students based solely on race constituted inherently unequal treatment
The New Look military, brinksmanship, and massive retaliation were all instances of
shifts to a more confrontational stance toward the Soviet Union during the early years of the Cold War
All of the following were crises during Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency EXCEPT
the Soviet Union blockading river, road, and rail traffic into West Berlin
Major domestic developments in the United States during President Eisenhower's two terms included all of the following EXCEPT
the dismantling of New Deal welfare programs
Joseph McCarthy's investigative tactics found support among many Americans because
there was widespread fear of communist infiltration of the United States
The decade after the Second World War was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
widespread student opposition to the development of nuclear weaponry
