Ch 4 4.1 Types of Tissue

lamina propria

areolar connective tissue underlying a mucous membrane

The process by which a less specialized cell matures into a more specialized cell is called ________. A. differentiation B. maturation C. modification D. specialization

A. differentiation

Which of the following is not a type of tissue? A. muscle B. nervous C. embryonic D. epithelial

C. embryonic

synovial membrane

connective tissue membrane that lines the cavities of freely movable joints, producing synovial fluid for lubrication

connective tissue membrane

connective tissue that encapsulates organs and lines movable joints

Differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive from ________. A. endothelium, mesothelium, and epithelium B. ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm C. connective tissue, epithelial tissue, and muscle tissue D. epidermis, mesoderm, and endothelium

B. ectorderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

Which of the following lines the body cavities exposed to the external environment? A. mesothelium B. lamina propria C. mesenteries D. mucosa

D. mucosa

describe the major functions of the four tissue types.

Epithelial tissue is made of layers of cells that cover the surfaces of the body that come into contact with the exterior world, line internal cavities, and form glands. Connective tissue binds the cells and organs of the body together and performs many functions, especially in the protection, support, and integration of the body. Muscle tissue, which responds to stimulation and contracts to provide movement, is divided into three major types: skeletal (voluntary) muscles, smooth muscles, and the cardiac muscle in the heart. Nervous tissue allows the body to receive signals and transmit information as electric impulses from one region of the body to another.

What is the function of synovial membranes?

Synovial membranes are a type of connective tissue membrane that supports mobility in joints. The membrane lines the joint cavity and contains fibroblasts that produce hyaluronan, which leads to the production of synovial fluid, a natural lubricant that enables the bones of a joint to move freely against one another.

The zygote is described as totipotent because it ultimately gives rise to all the cells in your body including the highly specialized cells of your nervous system. Describe this transition, discussing the steps and processes that lead to these specialized cells.

The zygote divides into many cells. As these cells become specialized, they lose their ability to differentiate into all tissues. At first they form the three primary germ layers. Following the cells of the ectodermal germ layer, they too become more restricted in what they can form. Ultimately, some of these ectodermal cells become further restricted and differentiate in to nerve cells.

totipotent

embryonic cells that have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell and organ in the body

Identify the four types of tissue in the body.

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.

epithelial membrane

epithelium attached to a layer of connective tissue

tissue

group of cells that are similar in form and perform related functions

Endoderm

innermost embryonic germ layer from which most of the digestive system and lower respiratory system derive

Histology

microscopic study of tissue architecture, organization, and function

Mesoderm

middle embryonic germ layer from which connective tissue, muscle tissue, and some epithelial tissue derive

Ectoderm

outermost embryonic germ layer from which the epidermis and the nervous tissue derive

cutaneous membrane

skin; epithelial tissue made up of a stratified squamous epithelial cells that cover the outside of the body

tissue membrane

thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body, organs, and internal cavities

mucous membrane

tissue membrane that is covered by protective mucous and lines tissue exposed to the outside environment

serous membrane

type of tissue membrane that lines body cavities and lubricates them with serous fluid

muscle tissue

type of tissue that is capable of contracting and generating tension in response to stimulation; produces movement.

nervous tissue

type of tissue that is capable of sending and receiving impulses through electrochemical signals.

epithelial tissue

type of tissue that serves primarily as a covering or lining of body parts, protecting the body; it also functions in absorption, transport, and secretion

connective tissue

type of tissue that serves to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body's organs and systems