CH 4-8 Quiz

Glucose moves through the membrane very rapidly through this mechanism. A. simple diffusion B. exocytosis C. phagocytosis D. facilitated diffusion

A. simple diffusion

In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?

NADH and pyruvate

T/F? The plasmodesmata of cells walls is what makes them impermeable to the passage of materials.

False

T/F? pH and temperature have no effect on an enzyme

False

Starting with one molecule of glucose, the "net" products of glycolysis are

- 2 NADH - 2 H+ - 2 pyruvate - 2 ATP - 2 H2O.

Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules? A. cilia B. villi C. centriole D. mitochondria

A. cilia

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another. This speaks of the ________________ law of thermodynamics

First

Define contractile vacuole

this type of vacuole is more common in the protista kingdom, its function is to bail-out excess water through the plasma membrane

Fluid filled sacs in the cells of plants, animals and protists. They reach their greatest development in the plant cell.

vacuole

Define central vacuole

vacuole associated with turgor pressure

The precursor for coenzymes is ______________

vitamins

When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution water will

water will move out to the higher solute solution

Vesicles that leave the smooth ER are most likely in the direction of the _______?

Golgi Apparatus

Which of the following statements describes NAD+? A. NAD+ is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. B. NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. C. NAD+ is reduced by the action of hydrogenases. D. NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation.

A. NAD+ is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

Which of the following statements is corrects, when referring to the phospholipids in the plasma membrane? A. They are ampipathic B. they favor the passage of water C. they are aligned in such a way that they fatty acid tales are facing the ECF and ICF D. they obstruct the passage of lipid soluble molecules

A. They are ampipathic

As energy is converted from one form to another, some energy is lost in the form of ____________

Heat

Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy? A. a food molecule made up of energy-rich macromolecules B. a boy mowing grass C. water rushing over Niagara Falls D. a firefly using light flashes to attract a mate

A. a food molecule made up of energy-rich macromolecules

Which of the following intermediary metabolites enters the citric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the removal of a carbon (CO2) from one molecule of pyruvate? A. acetyl CoA B. citrate C. oxaloacetate D. lactate

A. acetyl CoA

The erratic random movement of microscopic particles in a fluid, as a result of continuous bombardment from molecules of the surrounding medium is known as? A. brownian movement B. diffusion C. osmosis D. electrostatic movement

A. brownian movement

Free energy is A. energy within a system that can perform work when temperature ens pressure are uniform throughout the system B. energy outside of a system that can perform work when temperature ens pressure are uniform throughout the system C. energy within a system that can perform work when temperature ens pressure are uniform within the system D. energy within a system that can perform work when temperature ens pressure are unequal throughout the system

A. energy within a system that can perform work when temperature ens pressure are uniform throughout the system

Water and solutes are forced through a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher hydrostatic pressure to one of lower hydrostatic pressure. A. filtration B. osmosis C. facilitated active transport D. endocytosis

A. filtration

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? A. proteins B. nucleic acids C. carbohydrates D. lipids

A. proteins

Food preservation (example pickles) is done by exposing these to ____________________ solutions.

Hypertonic

Type of solution that when related to another solution has more solutes

Hypertonic

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? A. nucleic acids B. proteins C. carbohydrates D. lipids

B. proteins

When compared to another solution, these solutions have less solutes.

Hypotonic

_______________ are integral membrane proteins that serve as channels in the transfer of water, and in some cases, small solutes across the membrane.

Aquaporing

Exergonic reactions can at times be A. endergonic B. spontaneous C. energy requiring D. non-metabolic

B. spontaneous

Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

Smooth ER

Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true? A. Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by reducing the rate of reverse reactions B. Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy barrier C. Enzymes make the rate of a reaction independent of substrate concentrations D. Enzymes are composed of carbohydrates

B. Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy barrier

The cholesterol in the plasma membrane A. stabilizes the proteins assisting with their enzymatic function B. stabilizes the fatty acid tails of the phospholipids, maintaining the plasma membrane fluid C. is the main component of the cell wall D. assists with the passage of lipid soluble molecules

B. stabilizes the fatty acid tails of the phospholipids, maintaining the plasma membrane fluid

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event? A. glycolysis B. accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain C. the citric acid cycle D. the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP

B. accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

A ______________ reaction is that in which energy is consumed to build complicated molecules. A. catabolic B. anabolic C. catastrophic D. altruistic

B. anabolic

Which of the following is a compartment that often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell? A. Golgi apparatus B. central vacuole C. chloroplast D. peroxisome

B. central vacuole

Common type of plasma membrane structures that assist with strengthening cutaneous (skin) tissue A. conexons B. desmosomes C. aquaporins D. glycocalyx

B. desmosomes

Browninan movement is A. the movement of fluids from high concentration to low concentration B. the movement of molecules fluids and gases in one direction, until they hit a solid object and bounce of onto another direction C. the movement of fluids from high hydrostatic pressure to low hydrostatic pressure D. the stabilization of molecules when they reach equilibrium

B. the movement of molecules fluids and gases in one direction, until they hit a solid object and bounce of onto another direction

Under which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with a predominance of free ribosomes? A. a cell that is producing cytoplasmic enzymes B. a cell that is constructing its cell wall or extracellular matrix C. a cell that is secreting proteins D. a cell that is digesting food particles

C. a cell that is secreting proteins

In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP? A. energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport system B. energy released from substrate-level phosphorylation C. energy released from ATP synthase pumping hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix D. No external source of energy is required because the reaction is exergonic.

C. energy released from ATP synthase pumping hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix

Choose the pair of terms that correctly complete this sentence. Catabolism, is to anabolism as _____________ is to __________________ A. free energy, entropy B. exergonic, spontaneous C. exergonic, endergonic D. work, energy

C. exergonic, endergonic

Which of these is not found in the nucleus? A. nucleolus that produces rRNA B.chromatin that condenses to chromosomes C. functioning ribosomes D. nucleoplasm

C. functioning ribosomes

Enzymes speed up chemical reaction by _________________ energy barriers. A. increasing B. maximizing C. lowering D. equalizing

C. lowering

This is known as the totality of an organisms chemical reaction A. thermodynamics B. homoeostasis C. metabolism D. enzymaticism

C. metabolism

Fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane, that enhance its surface area. Common in the digestive system. A. cilia B. flagella C. villi D. desmosomes

C. villi

Catabolic processes occur in

Cellular respiration

Commonly found in heart cells, assist in its cells beating in syncytium.

Channel proteins

Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in

Chloroplast

This component of animal plasma membrane cells, assist in keeping the membrane fluid.

Cholesterol

A _________________________ will assist an enzyme, for example as an electron carrying molecules

Coenzyme

Where does glycolysis takes place?

Cytosol

The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity? A. Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other B. Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side C. Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other D. All are correct

D. All are correct

Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include B. mitochondria A. ribosome D. B and C only E. A, B, and C C. chloroplasts

D. B and C only

Which of the following statements is representative of the second law of thermodynamics? A. Heat represents a form of energy that can be used by most organisms to do work. B. Every energy transformation by a cell decreases the entropy of the universe. C. Conversion of energy from one form to another is always accompanied by some gain of free energy. D. Cells require a constant input of energy to maintain their high level of organization.

D. Cells require a constant input of energy to maintain their high level of organization.

T/F? Cell Respiration like photosynthesis, is a catabolic process.

False

T/F? Since bacteria do not contain a nucleus, they do not possess DNA.

False

All passive movement is characterized for A. osmosis being an example B. moving from high concentration to low concentration C. not requiring the expenditure of energy D. all are correct

D. all are correct

Exception to surface‑to‑volume ratio limitations on cell size A. altered volume B. altered metabolism C. elephant cells D. altered shape

D. altered shape

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except A. DNA B. ribosomes C. a cell wall D. an endoplasmic reticulum

D. an endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following organelles/structures is not found in prokaryotic cells? A. ribosome B. cytosol C. plasma membrane D. nucleus

D. nucleus

Most cells cannot harness heat to perform work because A. heat can never be used to do work B. heat does not involve transfer of energy C. cell do not have much heat, they are relatively cool D. temperature is usually uniform throughout the cell

D. temperature is usually uniform throughout the cell

T/F? The cell wall lie the plasma membrane, controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell.

False

_______ is a measure of randomness or disorder

Entropy

During Halloween a mother puts a necklace on her child that starts glowing once it is activate (snapped). The snapping allows two chemical to react and emit light through luminescence. Is this exergonic or endergonic reaction

Exergonic

T/F Products that pass the membrane utilizing facilitated active transport, always follow the concentration gradient.

False

T/F When substances are moved passively through the cell, energy is required for this process.

False

T/F? A lysosome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.

False

Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include

Mitochondria Chloroplast

What cells have no nucleus?

Prokaryotic

The universal fuel molecule is composed of

Saccharides

T/F Microfilaments are composed of the protein actin

True

T/F? During an enzymatic reaction, inducing the fit comes before releasing the product

True

T/F? Energy is know as the capacity to do work to cause change.

True

T/F? Living systems continually take usable energy from the environment and eventually return it as heat

True

T/F? The pores on the nuclear envelope function as channels that some how regulate the passage of RNA (among other materials), into and out of the nucleus to the cell's cytoplasm.

True

T/F? When phospholipids are surrounded by water they form a characteristic bilayer, with the tails lined up towards the outside and the hydrophobic heads sandwiched in the middle.

True

T/F? All cell membrane proteins are known for their selectivity

True

When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, _____________ will move out of the cell.

Water

The minimum quantity of energy which the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction, is known as

activation energy

If an enzyme in a solution is saturated with substrate; the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of product is to

add more of the enzyme

Membrane proteins related to facilitated diffusion.

channel and carrier

Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in ________

chloroplast

Many enzymes require a nonprotein assistant, often for chemical processes like electron transfer. This helpers are known as

cofactors

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

cytoskeletons

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large and complex lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?

endoplasmic reticulum

Proteins related to the acceptance of transplanted organ

histocompatibility

Red blood cells may crenate when exposed to a ______________ solution

hypertonic

When proteins are classified given their location in the plasma membrane. Those found well incorporated into the two layers of phospholipids are known as_____________ proteins

integral

__________ is known as energy in motion.

kinetic energy

Colorless plastic that stores starch granules.

leukoplast

____________ is a chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. An endergonic reaction followed by an exergonic reaction.

metabolism

Organelle where aerobic respiration takes place

mitochondria

_______ is one of the main energy transformers of cells?

mitochondria

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?

mitochondrial inner membrane

In cell respiration energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which location?

mitochondrial inter-membrane space

Define food vacuole

nutrients are stored in this type of vacuole

Anabolic processes occur in

photosynthesis

First cells to evolve are

prokaryotic

Oxygen and carbon dioxide tend to move through the membrane by way of

simple diffusion

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?

smooth ER

What is the function of the folded membrane system known as the endoplasmic reticulum?

synthesis and transfer of materials in the cell