Ch 4

26) ________ is a program that can capture passwords as you enter them. A) A keystroke logger B) Data mining software C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A) A keystroke logger

3) The Target attackers sold stolen card information to ________. A) crimeware shops B) card shops C) card counterfeiters D) all of the above

B) card shops

43) What type of attacker are most attackers today? A) disgruntled employees and ex-employees B) career criminals C) hackers motivated by a sense of power D) cyberterrorists

B) career criminals

52) Using encryption, you make it impossible for attackers to read your messages even if they intercept them. This is ________. A) authentication B) confidentiality C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

B) confidentiality

95) In an SPI firewall, all rules except the last will permit the connection. The last will ________. A) also permit the connection B) deny the connection C) either A or B D) none of the above

B) deny the connection

87) Firewall log files should be read ________. A) every month B) every day C) every week D) usually only when a serious attack is suspected

B) every day

40) Advanced persistent threats are ________. A) inexpensive for the attacker B) extremely dangerous for the victim C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

B) extremely dangerous for the victim

41) ________ attacks typically extend over a period of months. A) DDoS B) Malware C) APT D) Spear phishing

C) APT

68) Traditionally, we have told users that passwords ________. A) should have a mix of characters (uppercase and lowercase letters, digits, other keyboard characters) B) should be easy to remember C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A) should have a mix of characters (uppercase and lowercase letters, digits, other keyboard characters)

69) For reusable passwords, NIST now recommends ________. A) that passwords be easy to remember B) that passwords should be changed monthly C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A) that passwords be easy to remember

78) In digital certificate authentication, the supplicant encrypts the challenge message with ________. A) the supplicant's private key B) the verifier's private key C) the true party's private key D) none of the above

A) the supplicant's private key

74) Using bodily measurements for authentication is ________. A) illegal B) biometrics C) mandatory for good security D) all of the above

B) biometrics

39) Which of the following can be upgraded after it is installed on a victim computer (choose the most specific answer)? A) Trojan horses B) bots C) viruses D) worms

B) bots

77) Facial recognition is controversial because ________. A) it can be fooled very easily B) it can be used surreptitiously C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

B) it can be used surreptitiously

83) Digital certificate authentication fails if the supplicant ________. A) is the true party B) learns the true party's private key C) learns the true party's public key D) either B or C

B) learns the true party's private key

50) Cyberwar attacks are made by ________. A) major cybercriminal gangs B) national governments C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

B) national governments

102) Which of the following is the most frustrating to use? A) IDSs B) opaque filtering C) SPI firewalls D) NGFW firewalls

A) IDSs

60) SSL/TLS is used for ________. A) Web applications B) almost all applications C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A) Web applications

10) ________ is the general name for a security flaw in a program. A) A virus B) Malware C) A security fault D) A vulnerability

D) A vulnerability

104) ________ look at ________, while ________ mostly look at ________. A) Antivirus programs; packets; firewalls; packets B) Antivirus programs; files; firewalls; files C) Antivirus programs; packets; firewalls; files D) Antivirus programs; files; firewalls; packets

D) Antivirus programs; files; firewalls; packets

9) ________ is the most frequent type of company attack. A) DoS B) Hacking C) Ransomware D) Malware

D) Malware

21) Malware programs that masquerade as system files are called ________. A) viruses B) scripts C) root malware D) Trojan horses

D) Trojan horses

58) Secured packets typically receive ________. A) confidentiality B) authentication C) message integrity D) all of the above

D) all of the above

92) SPI firewalls are attractive because of their ________. A) ability to do antivirus filtering B) ability to filter complex application content C) QoS guarantees D) low cost

D) low cost

51) In general, what type of attackers do the most damage? A) criminal attackers B) hackers driven by curiosity C) employees and ex-employees D) national governments

D) national governments

22) Trojan horses can spread by ________. A) e-mailing themselves to victim computers B) directly propagating to victim computers C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

D) neither A nor B

101) If a packet is highly suspicious but not a provable attack packet, an ________ may drop it. A) SPI firewall B) IDS C) NGFW D) none of the above

D) none of the above

2) How did the Target attackers obtain the stolen information? A) Directly from the POS terminals B) From the vendor service server C) From the POS software download server D) none of the above.

D) none of the above.

23) Pieces of code that are executed after the virus or worm has spread are called ________. A) vulnerabilities B) exploits C) compromises D) payloads

D) payloads

35) DoS attacks attempt to ________. A) hack a computer B) reduce the availability of a computer C) steal information from a computer D) delete files on a computer

B) reduce the availability of a computer

7) In ________ thinking, the opponent is primarily an intelligent attacker. A) networking B) security C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

B) security

14) What kind of attack is most likely to succeed against a system with no technological vulnerabilities? A) malware B) social engineering C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

B) social engineering

54) In encryption, what must be kept secret? A) the cipher B) the key C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

B) the key

19) Which of the following sometimes uses direct propagation between computers? A) viruses B) worms C) Trojan horses D) downloaders

B) worms

55) In most encryption, keys must be at least ________ long to be considered safe. A) 128 bits B) 128 bytes C) 1,280 bits D) 1,280 bytes

A) 128 bits

48) In general, what should an employer do whenever an employee leaves the firm? A) Their accounts should be disabled instantly B) They should be given no prior notice that they are being released C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A) Their accounts should be disabled instantly

15) A spear phishing attack is usually aimed at ________. A) an individual B) a group C) everyone D) all of the above

A) an individual

56) Electronic signatures provide message-by-message ________. A) authentication B) confidentiality C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A) authentication

37) Attack programs that can be remotely controlled by an attacker are ________. A) bots B) sock puppets C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A) bots

99) NGFWs ________. A) can implement different rules for different applications B) base server decisions on port numbers C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A) can implement different rules for different applications

94) In SPI firewalls, ACLs are used for packets in the ________ state. A) connection-opening B) ongoing communication C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A) connection-opening

64) In authentication, ________ are the general name for proofs of identity. A) credentials B) authorizations C) digital certificates D) all of the above

A) credentials

5) Which of the following were able to recoup most of the money they lost from Target? A) credit card companies B) retailers C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A) credit card companies

20) Which of the following can spread very rapidly? A) directly-propagating viruses B) directly-propagating worms C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A) directly-propagating viruses

90) When a packet that is not part of an ongoing connection and that does not attempt to open a connection arrives at a stateful inspection firewall, the firewall ________. A) drops the packet B) passes the packet C) opens a new connection D) does not approve the connection

A) drops the packet

71) NIST guidelines for reusable passwords permit ________. A) entirely lower-case passwords B) the use of the same password at different sites C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A) entirely lower-case passwords

27) In which type of attack does the attacker gather extensive sensitive personal information about its victim? A) identity theft B) credit card number theft C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A) identity theft

28) Which is more harmful to the victim? A) identity theft B) credit card number theft C) both A and B are about equally harmful

A) identity theft

12) Users typically can eliminate a vulnerability in one of their programs by ________. A) installing a patch B) using an antivirus program C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A) installing a patch

86) A firewall will drop a packet if it ________. A) is a definite attack packet B) is a highly probable attack packet C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A) is a definite attack packet

61) Using SSL/TLS for Web applications is attractive because SSL/TLS ________. A) is essentially free to use B) offers the strongest possible cryptographic protections C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A) is essentially free to use

75) Fingerprint recognition is generally acceptable for ________. A) laptops B) corporate databases C) resources involving private information about customers D) all of the above

A) laptops

103) Compared to NGFWs, IDSs ________. A) look for different threats B) look for the same threats C) look for the same threats but do so differently D) none of the above

A) look for different threats

88) Stateful packet inspection firewalls are attractive because of their ________. A) low cost for a given traffic volume B) ability to base rules on specific application programs C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A) low cost for a given traffic volume

57) Electronic signatures also provide ________ in addition to authentication. A) message integrity B) message encryption C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A) message integrity

63) In authentication, the ________ is the party trying to prove his or her identity. A) supplicant B) verifier C) true party D) all of the above

A) supplicant

65) The supplicant claims to be ________. A) the true party B) an impostor C) either A or B D) neither A nor B

A) the true party

17) Which of the following attach themselves to other programs? A) viruses B) worms C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A) viruses

31) If you see a username and password on a Post-It note that anyone can see on a monitor, is it hacking if you use this information to log in? A) yes B) no C) We cannot say from the information given.

A) yes

32) You accidentally discover that you can get into other e-mail accounts after you have logged in under your account and only spend a few minutes looking at another user's mail. Is that hacking? A) yes B) no C) We cannot say from the information given.

A) yes

34) You are concerned with the security of a site you use and run a vulnerability test against it. The test reveals a security threat. Is this hacking? A) yes B) no C) We cannot say from the information given.

A) yes

44) ________ attackers are often well-funded. A) Disgruntled employee B) Cybercriminal C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

B) Cybercriminal

100) Which type of firewall is more expensive per packet handled? A) SPI B) NGFW C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

B) NGFW

97) Which type of firewall filtering collects streams of packets to analyze them as a group? A) SPI B) NGFW C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

B) NGFW

98) Which type of firewall filtering looks at application-layer content? A) stateful packet inspection B) NGFW C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

B) NGFW

6) For consumers who suffered credit card fraud because of the Target breach and acted quickly, which of the following is true? A) They received no compensation. B) They received compensation from Target. C) The credit card companies did not charge them for fraudulent purchasers. D) The United States Treasury compensated them from an insurance fund.

C) The credit card companies did not charge them for fraudulent purchasers.

105) Antivirus programs are designed to detect ________. A) viruses B) worms C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

C) both A and B

18) Viruses and worms propagate through ________. A) social engineering B) exploiting vulnerabilities C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

C) both A and B

30) Which of the following meets the definition of hacking? A) to intentionally use a computer resource without authorization B) to intentionally use a computer on which you have an account but use it for unauthorized purposes C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

C) both A and B

42) Who mounts APTs today? A) national governments B) cybercriminals C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

C) both A and B

45) Employees often attack ________. A) for revenge B) for money C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

C) both A and B

49) In terms of security thinking, "insiders" include ________. A) employees B) many contractors working for the company C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

C) both A and B

11) ________ is a flaw in a program that permits a specific attack or set of attacks. A) Malware B) A security error C) A vulnerability D) A security fault

C) A vulnerability

47) Who are the most dangerous types of employees? A) financial employees B) manufacturing employees C) IT security employees D) former employees

C) IT security employees

59) The messages of VPNs ________. A) share the same transmission lines used by other VPNs B) are encrypted C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

C) both A and B

25) ________ is the general name for malware on a user's PC that collects sensitive information and sends this information to an attacker. A) A keystroke logger B) Anti-privacy software C) Spyware D) Data mining software

C) Spyware

93) ________ is the dominant firewall filtering method used on main border firewalls today. A) ACL filtering B) Application content filtering C) Stateful packet inspection D) NGFW

C) Stateful packet inspection

70) For reusable passwords, NIST now recommends ________. A) that passwords be easy to remember B) that passwords be long phrases instead of being about 8-12 characters long C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

C) both A and B

82) Which form of authentication depends on the supplicant proving that she knows something only the true party should know? A) reusable password authentication B) iris scanning C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

C) both A and B

85) When a firewall identifies an attack packet, it ________. A) discards the packet B) copies information about the packet into a log file C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

C) both A and B

66) The supplicant is ________. A) the true party B) an impostor C) either A or B D) neither A nor B

C) either A or B

8) The general term for evil software is ________. A) virus B) worm C) malware D) all of the above

C) malware

89) When a packet that is part of an ongoing connection arrives at a stateful inspection firewall, the firewall usually ________. A) drops the packet B) drops the packet and notifies an administrator C) passes the packet D) passes the packet, but notifies an administrator

C) passes the packet

96) SPI firewalls are being replaced in large part because they are limited in their ability to detect ________. A) NAT B) piggybacking C) port spoofing D) none of the above

C) port spoofing

24) In a ________ attack, the attacker encrypts some or all of the victim's hard drive. A) virus B) DoS C) ransom D) lock

C) ransom

84) A debit card is secure because it requires two credentials for authentication-the card itself and a PIN. This is called ________. A) segmentation B) redundancy C) two-factor authentication D) none of the above

C) two-factor authentication

106) In antivirus filtering, the best ways to filter currently use ________. A) application awareness B) stateful inspection C) signature detection D) behavioral detection

D) behavioral detection

80) In digital certificate authentication, the verifier gets the key it needs directly from the ________. A) supplicant B) verifier C) true party D) certificate authority

D) certificate authority

53) A specific encryption method is called a ________. A) code B) schema C) key method D) cipher

D) cipher

1) The Target attackers probably first broke into Target using the credentials of a(n) ________. A) low-level Target employee B) Target IT employee C) Target security employee D) employee in a firm outside Target

D) employee in a firm outside Target

38) In distributed DoS attacks, the attacker sends messages directly to ________. A) bots B) the intended victim of the DoS attack C) a DOS server D) none of the above

D) none of the above

81) The digital certificate provides the ________. A) private key of the supplicant B) private key of the true party C) public key of the supplicant D) none of the above

D) none of the above

4) Which of the following probably suffered the most financial damage from the Target breach? A) Target B) banks C) consumers D) retailers

D) retailers

72) For sensitive assets, reusable passwords ________. A) should be especially long B) should contain a truly complex mixture of characters C) should be difficult to remember D) should not be used

D) should not be used

79) In digital certificate authentication, the verifier decrypts the challenge message with ________. A) the supplicant's private key B) the true party's private key C) the supplicant's public key D) the true party's public key

D) the true party's public key

13) Vulnerability-based attacks that occur before a patch is available are called ________ attacks. A) indefensible B) stealth C) malware D) zero-day

D) zero-day

29) Hacking is defined as using a computer resource without authorization or in excess of authorization.

False

73) Biometrics, and other new authentication methods, are being created with the goal of getting rid of reusable passwords.

True

46) Why are employees especially dangerous? A) They are technically sophisticated. B) They are trusted. C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

B) They are trusted.

16) ________ are full programs. A) Viruses B) Worms C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

B) Worms

67) Authentication should generally be ________. A) as strong as possible B) appropriate for a specific resource C) the same for all resources D) different for every different resource

B) appropriate for a specific resource

62) Requiring someone prove his or her identity is ________. A) confidentiality B) authentication C) authorization D) both B and C

B) authentication

36) In a DDoS attack, a ________ sends messages directly to the victim. A) botmaster B) bot C) command and control server D) all of the above

B) bot

33) You click on a link expecting to go to a legitimate website but are directed to a website that contains information you are not authorized to see. You exit without looking around. is that hacking? A) yes B) no C) We cannot say from the information given.

B) no

91) How will a stateful packet inspection (SPI) firewall handle a packet containing a TCP segment that contains an acknowledgement? A) process it through the Access Control List (ACL) B) pass it if it is part of an approved connection C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

B) pass it if it is part of an approved connection

76) Iris scanning is attractive because of its ________. A) low cost B) precision C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

B) precision