Ch 4 Dev of Dom Min Relat, ch 2 Assimilation And Pluralism, chapter 1 Div. in the US, ch 3 Prejudice and Discrimination, ch 11 gender, Ch 13 Dominant minority relations

The expression of masculinity that is most privileged in society is called ______ masculinity.

hegemonic

Anglo-Americans began moving into the Southwest in the:

1820s to acquire land for agriculture

Much of the Southwest became U.S. territory in ______ as a result of ______.

1848; the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Approximately what percentage of Southern whites owned slaves?

25%

As late as the 1920s, ______ of employed Irish-born women in the United States worked as domestics.

81%

Which of the following situations illustrates a double bind?

A woman is labeled as irrational when she cries in public and labeled as cold when she doesn't

During slavery, which group would be in "double jeopardy"?

African American women

Which minority group is the most acculturated?

African Americans

Which fact illustrates that Western society places more weight on the education of males?

Boys are called on more in class

Which of the following are the key actors, according to split labor market theorists?

Capitalists, higher-priced labor, lower-priced labor

Which set of terms best characterized the situations of African Americans, American Indians, and Mexican Americans as a result of contact with Anglo-American society?

Colonization, paternalism

What factor(s) affected the pathways of entry for different groups of immigrants from Europe?

Culture Class Country of origin Time of arrival

Which component of the contact situation explains why Africans were enslaved instead of the other groups?

Differential in power

Which statement accurately reflects the role of diversity in U.S. society?

Diversity is a fundamental and essential characteristic of U.S. society and can be a strength to be cherished and encouraged.

Which of the following companies has created advertising campaigns in line with third-wave feminism?

Dove

Gordon argued that the most significant structural unit within U.S. society was defined by the intersection of the religious/ethnic and social class boundaries. He called this the:

Ethclass

Which of the following exemplifies how structural mobility benefited ethnic whites in the 20th century?

Ethnic whites had more opportunity for education.

In what ways do the Noel and Blauner hypotheses relate to the contact situation of Mexican Americans and Anglo immigrants?

Ethnocentrism was present at first contact. Power differences existed. Competition for land began with the first contact between the groups. They were subjected to coercive acculturation.

What are two general stereotypes of minority groups?

Extreme inferiority and power and status differences

Which of the following is not an example of a cultural trait that may be associated with minority status?

Facial features

It is common in sociology to separate the social structure into primary and secondary sectors. Which of the following categories is considered part of the primary sector?

Families

Which of the following informal networks promotes homosocial reproduction?

Golf courses

One of the first to support pluralism, newspaper editor ______ argued in The Nation in 1915 that the existence of separate ethnic groups—even with separate cultures, religions, and languages—could be quite consistent with a democratic political system.

Horace Kallen

Which of the following theories argues that status attainment is a direct result of educational levels, personal values, and skills?

Human capital theory

Which of the following are documented ways slaves could express resistance or noncooperation to their situation and their "masters"?

Intentional carelessness Creating work slowdowns Running away Open rebellion such as the revolt led by Nat Turner

When minority groups in a society are exploited and held in a powerless status by the dominant group, which of the following stereotypes is most likely to emerge about that minority group?

Lazy

"The elite segments of American society are using prejudice and racism to manipulate the thoughts and ideas of minority groups and to brainwash them into accepting their position in society." This statement is most consistent with:

Marxist analysis

Some research suggests prejudice is declining in the United States. What suggests it might not be declining?

Modern racism Hate crimes

Which of the following best explains "irrational" forms of prejudice?

Personality-centered theories

Most reported hate crimes are:

Racially motivated, with blacks as a target

Germany lost World War I and experienced severe problems with economic recession, unemployment, and horrific inflation during the 1920s. Which theory/theories best explains the rise of the Nazi party in Germany in the 1930s?

Scapegoat theories

Which of the following is an example of selective perception?

Seeing a Native American who is drinking in a bar but not noticing the Native American who is neatly dressed in a three-piece Armani suit Seeing the old man who pulls out on a freeway at 35 miles an hour while ignoring the good driver who happens to be elderly Not presuming that an NFL football player could be gay Assuming that the female doctor is really a nurse All of the above

Which of the following is true about the stratification in American Indian societies prior to European contact?

Some American Indian societies were highly stratified, and many practiced various forms of slavery. Some American Indian societies were patriarchal and followed a strict, gender-based division of labor, but others were more equal. In many tribes, women held positions of great responsibility, including roles in religion, politics, warfare, and the economy.

Immigrants experiencing segmented assimilation will have the following outcome:

Some will be upwardly mobile and some will be poor.

______ are exaggerated generalizations about groups of people and tend to be overly simplistic and difficult to prove.

Stereotypes

Which of the following is not an example of the affective dimension of prejudice?

Stereotyping and overgeneralizations

______ assimilation occurs when a minority group enters the secondary sector of the larger society and occupies the same public institutions such as churches, clubs, schools, and workplaces.

Structural

Which of the following groups is considered a culturally pluralistic group?

The Amish in Pennsylvania

Which hypothesis can be literally and directly applied to LGBTs?

The Noel hypothesis

Which of the following is true regarding the contact situations between American Indians and the Spanish, French, and English?

The Spanish found large, well-organized social systems and therefore found it useful to adapt to Aztec practices. The French needed to cooperate with at least some American Indian tribes to maximize the benefits of the economy they created. The English met with smaller, less developed tribes and had no specific reason to adapt to those social structures.

"History generally has been written from the standpoint of the winners." This statement can be reflected in which of the following?

The history of slavery was written by slave owners, while slaves were kept illiterate by law. The history of poor workers establishing the labor movement has often been ignored or trivialized in history books. The experiences of minority-group males are often treated as if they were the experiences of the entire group. Women's history is often completely invisible or treated as a joke. All of the above

When power differentials in a society are not very extreme, which of the following stereotypes is most likely to emerge about a minority group?

Too smart

Which factors are intimately interlinked with (such that they mutually cause each other) European immigration to the United States?

U.S. industrialization and rise to global prominence

An event that launched many women into the traditional male workplace:

World War II

Park felt that intergroup relations go through a predictable set of phases that he called:

a "race relations cycle"

To be successful, the plantation system needed which of the following:

a cheap labor force farming in volume keeping the production costs low

According to Marxism, the capitalist class in the early 20th century controlled the racially mixed working class by:

a strategy of divide and conquer

The family wage is:

a wage paid to male workers so they can support their family

Separate spheres refers to:

an ideology of men's place versus women's place

The process of assimilation could be illustrated by:

an immigrant learning the language of her new country

In An American Dilemma, Dr. Gunnar Myrdal suggests that there is a basic conflict (or dissonance) between:

basically egalitarian values and the discriminatory behaviors simultaneously found in U.S. culture

Compared to separatists, minority groups who promote revolution seek to:

become the ruling elite

Black Africans had a commodity the colonists coveted—______—and the colonists subsequently constructed a system to control and exploit this commodity.

black female slaves

According to Weber, a person who became rich by cleaning septic tanks would be higher on ______ but lower on ______.

class, prestige

The process of acculturation that took place under slavery could best be described as:

coercive Anglo-conformity

Jobs, welfare reform, and health care are examples of issues that are also objects of:

competition

The one common factor that seems to account for the origin of all prejudice is:

competition between groups

The Bogardus scale of social distance suggests that prejudice is based in:

culture

There is a ______ yet ______ gender gap in income.

decreasing; persistent

The unequal treatment of a group or individual based on his or her group membership is:

discrimination

In Western Europe, scientific and philosophical interest in the concept of race began:

during the age of European conquest and colonization of nonwhites

According to Lenski's theory, inequality in a postindustrial society would center on control of:

educational opportunities and technologies

Marxism also explains group competition and prejudice by suggesting:

elites control the means of production and also the ideas and intellectual activity in a society

Many years ago, a European American storeowner in a racist town succumbed to pressures from others and agreed to ban African Americans from his shop, even though he himself was not prejudiced at all. This merchant was an example of Merton's:

fair-weather liberal

Equal treatment of women best describes the philosophy of:

gender reform feminism

In general, colonized groups are at a ______ power disadvantage compared to immigrant groups.

greater

Survival and success in America for all minority groups has had more to do with ______ than with ______.

group processes; individual motivation

Pluralism exists when:

groups remain separate, and their cultural and social differences persist over time

American Indians were gradually pushed to near extinction by:

growing power of white Americans greater resource base of white Americans increasing technological superiority of white Americans

In examining inequality, Weber might argue that a famous and wealthy rapper might rank:

high on class, high on prestige

The postindustrial society in the United States is helped by ______ immigrants, whereas the secondary labor market is supplied by ______ immigrant workers.

highly educated; undocumented

The social or physical characteristics that mark the boundaries between groups are usually:

highly visible

Strong norms of patriarchy determined the appropriate work for Italian female immigrants. They tended to work:

in jobs that could be done at home in single-sex settings among other immigrant women

Marxism is a theory of history and social change in which ______ is a central concept.

inequality

When entire groups are treated unfairly and unequally in the institutions of the larger society, this is called:

institutional discrimination

Social structure is divided into primary and secondary sectors. Primary sector refers to:

interpersonal relationships that are intimate and personal, such as families and friendship groups

Selective perception:

is a tendency to see only what one expects to see

The nature of dominant-minority group relations at any point in time is:

largely a function of the characteristics of the society as a whole

Following the Indian Removal Act of 1830, the Cherokee Nation changed from a ______ system of land ownership to a ______ system.

matrilineal; patrilineal

Stratification is an important concept in the study of minority groups because:

minority groups are often created by struggles over control of valued goods and services

The idea that racism is changing form to a more subtle way of expressing negative feelings is called:

modern racism

A society with a small elite class and a plantation-based economy will often develop a form of minority relations called:

paternalism

The right to resist child marriage and the right to access maternal health care are examples of ______ rights.

reproductive

Mary and her brother, Patrick, are immigrants. They both speak English, share American values, and have many American friends, but Mary does well in school and gets a good job that pays a lot. Patrick does poorly in school and does not have a consistent job, making only minimum wage when he works. The two of them together are an example of:

segmented assimilation

When the goal of a minority group is to sever all ties with the larger society, this is called ______.

separatism

Sexual assault and sexual harassment crimes are often misunderstood to be motivated by:

sexual attraction

According to the Noel hypothesis, if two groups came together and the contact situation featured ethnocentrism, competition between groups, and a differential in power, the result of the contact would be:

some system of inequality between the groups

In 1763, the British Crown declared American Indian tribes to be:

sovereign nations

You hear someone say that "all women are bad drivers," "all Asians are smart," and "all Latinos drive low-riders." These are examples of:

stereotypes

Friends are to the primary sector as ______ are to the secondary sector.

task-oriented groups

The conditions under which the minority group and dominant group first come into contact with each other is referred to as:

the contact situation

The concept of social distance best reflects:

the degree of intimacy we are willing to permit

The concept of multiculturalism includes:

the idea of mutual respect for all groups and heritages

Robert Blauner presents a theory of dominant-minority relations that stresses the importance of:

the initial contact situation

The creation of minority-group status largely depends on:

the nature of the contact situation

Melting pot is a term for:

the traditional perspective on assimilation how diverse peoples helped to construct U.S. society assimilation as egalitarian and benign a process that emphasizes sharing and inclusion All of the above

Stratification is another term for:

the unequal distribution of valued resources

Marx believed that conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat was inevitable and that the ultimate result of this class struggle would be:

the victory of the working class the creation of a utopian society without exploitation, coercion, or inequality a classless society All of the above

In colonial America, American Indians were not enslaved. According to the Noel hypothesis, this was because:

there was little power differential between colonists and the American Indians

You work at the local bank as a loan processor. Although you believe that whites and African Americans should be treated equally, your boss demands that you turn down any loans requested by African Americans. According to your text, you are a (n):

unprejudiced discriminator