Ch. 4 psyc 3060
Which of the following terms refers to drawing a general impression about something or someone based on a single, and typically good, characteristic? The Hawthorne effect The halo effect First impression bias
The halo effect
Stress is best defined as________________. a physical or psychological stimulus that an individual responds to a cognitive stimulus that an individual responds to
a physical or psychological stimulus that an individual responds to
The __________ component of an attitude is derived from feelings that an individual has about another person or situation. affect perception intention cognition intelligent
affect
Engagement is enhanced when employees _____________. all of these are examples are able to use their talents get meaningful feedback on their performance
all of these are examples
All of the following are direct organizational consequences of stress EXCEPT_____________. fewer accidents absenteeism lower productivity poor work quality turnover
fewer accidents
__________ commitment is defined as positive emotional attachment to the organization and strong identification with its values and goals. Affective Singular
Affective
Which of the following is NOT one of the suggested steps for time management? Make a list every morning Work on tasks in order of importance Identify critical activities Impression management Identify trivial activities
Impression management
Which of the following types of value reflects how we want to accomplish a task? Terminal Primary Extrinsic Intrinsic Instrumental
Instrumental
__________ stress can result in unexpected negative effects, such as boredom and apathy. Too little Dysfunctional Work
Too little
After encountering an exceptionally good cashier, we might see an average cashier and evaluate him or her as below average. This is an example of______________. projection the contrast effect. stereotyping
the contrast effect.
Extrinsic work values are defined as____________________. values related to the outcomes of the work values that give you challenging opportunities at work
values related to the outcomes of the work
Intrinsic work values are defined as______________. values related to the work itself values related to the outcome of doing the work
values related to the work itself
Which of the following types of value reflects one's long-term life goals? Instrumental Extrinsic Intrinsic Primary Terminal
Terminal
An individual coping strategy to deal with workplace stress includes_____________. all of these are coping strategies using relaxation techniques
all of these are coping strategies
Burnout ____________. is found more often in Type B personalities. occurs when the worker enrolls in stress Business programs is most frequently found among high achievers is more common among women than men occurs when a worker puts too little of himself or herself into the job
is most frequently found among high achievers
All of the following are examples of an interpersonal demand stressor EXCEPT______________, leadership styles behavior expectations strenuous labor personalities group norms
strenuous labor
Which of the following is a way to resolve cognitive dissonance? All of these are effective Search for additional information Change your attitude
All of these are effective
Which of the following are two types of affectivity? Distress and eustress Odd and even Anxious and relaxed High and low Positive and negative
Positive and negative
A poorly designed office that doesn't allow a worker adequate privacy is an example of a ______________ organizational stressor. task demand role demand performance demand physical demand personal demand
physical demand
A person who tends to see things in a positive light and appears to be in a good mood most of the time has a high level of _________________. self-efficacy locus of control. positive affectivity conscientiousness Machiavellianism
self-efficacy
Job satisfaction tends to _________________ over time decrease slowly change increase fluctuate randomly stay constant
stay constant
A moderate degree of workload-related stress can_______________. result in apathy. stimulate energy and motivation increase anxiety. overload the nervous system
stimulate energy and motivation
__________ is the process of screening out information that contradicts one's beliefs. Selective perception Objective reality
Selective perception
__________ is a general tendency of an individual to experience a particular mood or to react to things in a particular way or with certain emotions. Psychology Affectivity Personality Creativity Intelligence
Affectivity
Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that have the greatest influence on job satisfaction? Attitudes Cognitive dissonance Values The work itself Personality
Cognitive dissonance
__________ workers do not perform close to their potential capability, lacking the emotional and motivational connections to their employer that drive discretionary effort. Extroverted Disengaged Introverted Engaged
Disengaged
Which of the following refers to the perceived fairness of the outcome received? Distributive fairness Procedural fairness
Distributive fairness
__________ is defined as a heightened emotional and intellectual connection that an employee has for his or her job, organization, manager, or coworkers that, in turn, influences him or her to apply additional discretionary effort to his or her work. Affective commitment Employee engagement Job satisfaction
Employee engagement
__________ commitment is defined as feeling obliged to stay with an organization for moral or ethical reasons. Dysfunctional Normative Singular Affective Continuance
Normative
Which of the following refers to employees' perceptions of organizational events, policies, and practices as being fair or not fair? Organizational commitment Organizational fairness Person-organization fit
Organizational fairness
Which of the following is NOT a type of value? Instrumental Primal Intrinsic Extrinsic Terminal
Primal
Which of the following terms refers to attributing our own characteristics to other people? Obfuscation Projection Attribution
Projection
Which of the following is NOT stated in the G.A.S. model? Prolonged exposure to stress results in a greater tolerance for future stress Each person has a normal level of resistance to stressful events
Prolonged exposure to stress results in a greater tolerance for future stress
After working in a fast-food restaurant for three years to pay for college tuition, Amanda vowed to never work in a restaurant again. But after graduation the only job offer she received was as a manager at a local restaurant. If Amanda accepts the job, it may result in __________ dissonance. affective attitudinal cognitive behavioral intentional
cognitive
One of the primary differences between attitudes and personality is that_______________.
attitudes are more changeable than personality attributes
How people explain the causes of their own as well as other people's behaviors and achievements is called_______________. selective perception indiscriminate perception stereotyping attribution projection
attribution
Task demands that are too low can cause a person to_______________. become anxious about time pressures become bored
become bored
An employee's work-life relationships are __________________. important to employees and should be a concern for organizations all of the friendships that develop through the workplace important to employees but they should not concern organizations
important to employees and should be a concern for organizations
As a manager, if you want to increase your employees' job satisfaction, focus first on ____________________. increase the number of performance evaluations conducted reducing workloads institute a new training program improving the nature of the work itself
improving the nature of the work itself
Jamal is highly committed and has an attachment to the organization where he works. He feels he is a true member of the company. Jamal is demonstrating_________________. job involvement. organizational commitment
organizational commitment