Ch. 4 Psych Midterm Questions

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____ is defined as a cooperative social interaction in which one person responds to another person's suggestions with changes in perception, memory, and behavior.

Hypnosis

Which of the following statements best summarizes how hypnosis affects memory?

Hypnosis is much more effective at enhancing a person's confidence in incorrect memories than it is at improving the accuracy of the memories.

Active sleep is to ____ as quiet sleep is to ____

REM sleep; NREM sleep

Which of the following statements about the suprachiasmatic nucleus is FALSE?

The suprachiasmatic nucleus secretes a naturally occurring compound called adenosine that increases mental alertness.

Which of the following statements about alcohol is FALSE?

Women metabolize alcohol more quickly than men.

The broad term that refers to a condition in which a person feels psychologically and physically compelled to take a specific drug is:

addiction

In combination, stage 3 NREM and stage 4 NREM:

are referred to as slow- wave sleep.

The most widely used psychoactive drug in the world is:

caffeine

In contrast to the activation- synthesis model, the neurocognitive model of dreaming emphasizes the:

continuity between waking and dreaming cognition

The drug MDMA (ecstasy) produces a combination of effects. Which of the following is NOT one of the effects produced by MDMA?

depressant effects in the central nervous system

Tranquilizers are drugs that are:

depressants that relieve anxiety.

John is blind and is therefore unable to detect the light that normally sets the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). If he is like most totally blind people:

his sleep-wake, body temp, and melatonin circadian rhythms can become desynchronized.

Depressant drugs:

inhibit the activity of the central nervous system.

Consciousness allows us to:

integrate past, present, and future behavior

The activation of the ____ brain areas reflects the dreams emotional qualities

limbic system

Research on the effects of methamphetamine on the brain indicates that abusers experience up to the 10 percent tissue loss in:

limbic system areas involved in emotion and reward.

Opioids:

mimic endorphins and occupy endorphin receptor sites in the brain.

LSD and psilocybin

mimic the neurotransmitter serotonin

Dyssomnias are:

sleep disorders involving disruptions in the same amount, quality, or timing of sleep.

The parasomnias are:

sleep disorders that involve undesirable physical arousal, behaviors, or events during sleep, or sleep transitions

Which of the following sleep disorders is NOT a dyssomnia?

sleepwalking

The presence of sleep spindles and K complexes are the defining characteristics of:

stage 2 NREM sleep

According to ____, dreaming is our subjective awareness of the brain's internally generated signals that occur repeatedly throughout the process of a night's sleep.

the activation- synthesis model of dreaming

In a study examining brain differences between practitioners of meditation and those who never meditated, MRI scans showed that:

the mediators had more gray matter in regions associated with attention, emotion, and sensory processing.

Freud believed that dream images of sticks, swords, and other elongated objects were representations of ____, and that dream images of cupboards, boxes, and ovens symbolized ____.

the penis; the vagina

In response to bright morning light:

the pineal gland increases production of melatonin

The neodissociation theory of hypnosis suggests that the hypnotized person experiences:

the splitting of consciousness into two or more simultaneous streams of mental activity.

When a person needs a gradual increase in the amount of psychoactive drug to produce the desired effect, ____ has occured.

tolerance

The effects of posthypnotic suggestions:

typically last for only a few hours or days.


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